At the end of 2017, Cambridge Scholars Publishing published an edited volume titled Historical Sources of Ethnomusicology in Contemporary Debate, which included a series of presentations given at two ...different international conferences organised by the Study Group on Historical Sources of Traditional Music − in 2012 in Vienna (Austria) and in 2014 in Aveiro (Portugal). Most of the material discussed was audio, which of course cannot be directly reproduced on paper, but the contributions with images offer plenty of useful information on the transcriptions, instruments, iconographic and other handwritten documents.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Swiss Alps have an ancestral tradition with regard to the use of wild plants as medicines and food. However, this knowledge is falling into oblivion, and is nowadays confined to village areas. Aim of ...the study was to identify wild edible plants used today and during the last two centuries by the alpine population of Valais (Switzerland).
Data were collected by means of semi-directed interviews made in four different lateral valleys of Valais (Val d'Anniviers, Val d'Entremont, Val d'Hérens, and Val d'Illiez). Wild food plants were classified according to their uses (salads, cooked vegetables, spices, raw snacks, teas, alcoholic drinks, sirups, and jams). Books and reports written in the XIXth century were consulted to identify uses of wild plants which have fallen in oblivion meanwhile.
A total of 98 edible wild plants, distributed into 38 botanical families, were identified during the interviews. Several plants were highly cited (e.g. Taraxacum officinale, Chenopodium bonus-henricus). The most frequent usage was as tea (18%), followed by uses as cooked vegetables (16%), jams (16%), and raw snacks (16%). A strong association was observed between food and medicinal uses of plants. Wild food plants were of critical importance in times of food scarcity. Meanwhile, they have lost their relevance as vital components of the diet and are nowadays rather perceived and appreciated as delicacies.
This study provides for the first time comprehensive data on present day and historical uses of wild plants as food in Lower and Central Valais. Besides being of historical interest, this ethnobotanical information can be used to identify species which may provide interesting opportunities for diversification of mountain agriculture.
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Witches in Western Europe are associated with the use of medicinal, abortifacient, hallucinogenic, and toxic plants. Curiously, these associations are not backed up by first-hand evidence and ...historians are unconvinced that people convicted as witches were herbalists. Local plant names provide an untapped source for analysing witchcraft–plant relationships.
We analysed vernacular plant names indicating an association with witches and devils to find out why these species and witchcraft were linked.
We constructed a database with vernacular names containing the terms witch and devil in related north-west European languages. The devil was added because of its association with witchcraft. The plant species’ characteristics (e.g., medicinal use, toxicity) were assessed to determine if there were non-random associations between these traits and their names.
We encountered 1263 unique vernacular name–taxa combinations (425 plant taxa; 97 families). Most species named after witches and/or devils were found within the Asteraceae, Ranunculaceae, and Rosaceae. For Dutch, German and English we confirmed associations between witchcraft names and toxicity. Hallucinogenic plants do not appear to be associated with witch-names. For Dutch, we found significant associations between plant names and medicinal and apotropaic uses, although we did not find any association with abortifacient qualities.
This study demonstrates that there is a wide variety of plants associated with witches and the devil in north-western Europe. Plant names with the terms witch and devil were likely used in a pejorative manner to name toxic and weedy plants, and functioned as a warning for their harmful properties. Our study provides novel insights for research into the history of witchcraft and its associated plant species.
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The article examines the personal library of the writer A.N. Tolstoy as a unique source of the historical novel Peter the Great. Its significance lies in the fact that the writer formed it ...purposefully. He acquired books to prepare for the creation of works of art and, above all, the largest part of the book collection for the novel Peter the Great. For the first time, the study of the “Petrovsky collection” was undertaken due to Tolstoy’s method of working with sources. He carefully read it and made notes in the margins with blue, red, or a simple pencil to later use this material in a work of fiction. He highlighted not only historical realities (dates, events, descriptions of real persons) but also emphasized names and speech patterns, used characterization of the relationship of characters (for example, Peter and Anna Mons), interpretations of the actions of historical persons and psychological motivations indicated in the source (in particular, related to the beginning of the relationship between Peter and Catherine). The books stored in the book fund of the Vladimir Dahl Russian State Literary Museum, lists of literature from the writer’s archive at the Manuscript Department of IWL RAS, and notes indicating the book’s author and page, extracts from historical sources, as well as articles, interviews and statements in the periodical press give some idea of the composition of Tolstoy’s library.
The article provides a detailed description of archival historical sources about the life, economic activity and daily life of the monasteries of the Nizhny Novgorod diocese in the XVIII century. The ...relevance of the study is to expand the understanding of the information potential of insufficiently studied archival funds on this issue. The theoretical basis of the research is a combination of an institutional approach, the principle of consistency and a comparative historical method. This methodological set made it possible, by identifying and processing the sources, to establish that the transformations in the church structure radically changed the nature and types of historical sources containing information about the administration, economy and internal life of monasteries.
Este ensayo plantea la utilidad de aplicar el concepto de transcodificación al estudio del pensamiento político y ético. El término nació en el mundo de la computación para designar el tránsito de un ...mensaje en un determinado lenguaje digital a otro. Lo importante es que toda transcodificación implica un cambio no solo de código, sino que también afecta al mensaje, porque no existe una compatibilidad absoluta entre lenguajes. El término fue importado por la semiótica y por la teoría de la traducción. La propuesta concreta consiste en el uso de la transcodificación como perspectiva metodológica sobre el pensamiento político y ético de los siglos XVI y XVII.
Documentary Research Mcculloch, Gary
2004, 20040430, 2004-04-30, Letnik:
22
eBook
Documentary sources have become increasingly neglected in education and the social sciences. This book seeks to emphasise their potential value and importance for an understanding of modern ...societies, while also recognising their limitations, and explores their relationship with other research strategies. This up-to-date examination of how to research and use documents analyzes texts from the past and present, considering sources ranging from personal archives to online documents and including books, reports, official documents, works of fiction and printed media. This comprehensive analysis of the use of documents in research includes sections covering: * analysing documents * legal frameworks and ethical issues * records and archives * printed media and literature * diaries, letters and autobiographies.
Gary McCulloch is Brian Simon Professor of History of Education at the Institute of Education, University of London.
Questo contributo è dedicato alla discussa possibilità di utilizzare le notizie storiche contenute nei trattati di ars dictandi e nelle sillogi di lettere modello composte dai maestri a scopo ...esemplificativo. Per dimostrare il grado di attendibilità e i metodi attraverso cui i maestri rielaborano le vicende storiche, nell’articolo vengono analizzati alcuni preamboli pontifici usati da dettatore per allestire una collezione di exordia e alcune lettere modello che parlano delle vicende dei papi nel XII secolo.
Background and Study Aim. National types of martial arts have been created and are functioning in Ukraine, which are gaining more and more popularity in the world. Modern sports science investigates ...the history of the creation of national types of martial arts. The purpose of the article is to investigate the historical origins of the emergence and development of Ukrainian and Eastern national martial arts.
Material and Methods. 217 sources of information on the history of traditional Ukrainian martial culture were analyzed. Bibliometric methods of processing the received information were used. After the initial analysis, 34 sources were selected, which fully correspond to the purpose of the study.
Results. The stages of the formation of the Ukrainian nation are quite fully covered in scientific historical sources. The mutual connection between the development of society and its martial culture is shown. It is reliably known about the presence of military training in the era of the Trypil culture (approx. 5400 - 2750 BC). It is shown that the complication of social relations and the development of material production created conditions for the separation of the caste of professional warriors. Professional soldiers conducted specialized training for weapons and physical fitness. In combat units, young men were trained for combat operations. The military training of professional soldiers reached its maximum development during the period of existence of Kyivan Rus (IX-XIII centuries of the new era). Literary sources provide information that the national physical culture developed at the same time as the complex of military-applied youth training. The training included fencing with various types of weapons, archery and types of unarmed combat. On the banks of the Dnieper, on the island of Khortytsia, the Cossacks formed the military society of Zaporizhzhya Sich (16th - 18th centuries of the new era) and on a systematic basis conducted preparations for conducting military operations. Varieties of fencing, wrestling and fist fighting were developed at a high level. Data given in scientific sources indicate that the Cossack martial arts became the basis of modern Ukrainian national types of martial arts. In Japan, in the process of the foundation of the country (1603-1868 years of the new era), a national martial culture was formed based on the training of samurai warriors.
Conclusions. The bibliometric analysis of publications on the history of Ukraine determined the correlation between the stages of the formation of the Ukrainian nation and the development of the military culture of Ukraine. The significant influence of religion on the consciousness of Ukrainians makes it possible to divide martial arts into pre-Christian (Trypylian and Indo-European cultures) and Christian (Kyiv Rus, Zaporizhzhya Sich). A comparison of the emergence and development of traditional national martial arts of Ukraine and Japan makes it possible to highlight the general patterns of formation of modern national types of martial arts.
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