Introduction. In 1958, the Mongolian Academy of Sciences launched the “Monumenta Historica” series, which was to become the main venue of modern historical science in Mongolia for over fifty years of ...research in the field. Several factors were influential for the series reputation: i) leading Mongolian scholars, as well as scholars outside of Mongolia, worked hard in the country and abroad to collect a large amount of material on Mongolian sources; ii) the Mongolian-Soviet team of scholars published “History of Mongolia”, which contributed to the study of research methods of historical sources; and iii) a large number of sources and scholarly works were published by Russian and Soviet scholars at the time, including such authors as A. M. Pozdneev, Ts. Zh. Zhamtsarano, L. S. Puchkovsky, N. P. Shastina, S. D. Dylykov, etc. whose contribution to the development of the source studies was invaluable. Among these scholars, we would like to single out Purbo B. Baldanzhapov. The present article aims to describe Baldanzhapov’s contribution to the study of Mongolian historical sources. Materials and methods. The main research methods employed for the study were biographical, historical-problematic, and historical-descriptive. Baldanzhapov’s major publications in the field and a wide range of published sources on Mongolian history were the materials selected for the undertaken research. Results. The scholar’s studies were focused on the main sources on the history of Mongolia, such as Galdan’s “Erdeniin Erikhe” (Precious Rosary), “Tsagaan tukhe” (White History), “Altan Tobchi” (Golden History) by Mergen-gegen, etc. He had an excellent command of Mongolian script, perfectly understood the content of the original monuments, and was a master of the source analysis. Baldanzhapov made several visits to Mongolia and during his stays copied many sources, including “Tsagaan tukhe” from the collection in the library of the Gandantegchenlin monastery. Conclusions. Granted a close friendly relationship between Baldanzhapov and the first editor-in-chief of the “Monumenta Historica”, Sh. Natsagdorj, who knew each other since their postgraduate days in Moscow, it may be assumed that the latter’s knowledge of his friend’s research methodology, as well as of Baldanzhapov’s published works had an overall influence on the methodology of publications in the series. Baldanzhapov’s studies of Mongolian sources have not lost their relevance, his elaborate contributions to Mongolian history and written tradition studies have served as a methodological guide for young Mongolian scholars.
•Presented case study of one student’s figuring out of metadiscursive rules (MDRs).•Applied commognitive learning theory to analysis of a Primary Source Project (PSP).•Examined impact of a PSP ...learning experience on student learning of MDRs.•Proposed three dimensions of figuring out MDRs: adoption, acceptance and awareness.•Described evidence of student adoption and acceptance of particular MDRs.
An important aspect of participation in a new academic discourse pertains to the metadiscursive rules which govern that discourse. Researchers have documented the viability of using primary sources in undergraduate mathematics education for scaffolding students’ recognition of those rules. Our research explores the related question of whether the use of primary sources can support students’ learning of metadiscursive rules in a way that goes beyond mere recognition. We present a case study of one student’s “figuring out” of metadiscursive rules in a university Analysis course as a result of her experience with a Primary Source Project, illustrate evidence for three dimensions of “figuring out” (adoption, acceptance, awareness) that emerged from that case study, and discuss the implications of our findings for classroom instruction and future research.
Medical imaging allows non-invasive investigation of human remains. While paleoimaging is undoubtedly necessary in mummy studies, it is intrinsically limited in the sense that it cannot provide mummy ...experts with information on the chemical composition of the embalming substances. This holds particularly true for modern embalmed mummies (19th-20th centuries). Since the end of the 19th century, cadavers were arterially injected with chemicals which varied depending on different methods. One of those embalming methods was Salafia’s, which was much advertised in the USA. Since attempts at experimental reproduction of the Salafia method are planned by our team, a re-examination of the published literature on the formula was made. Here we provide evidence that an error in unit conversion from gallons to litres occurred and that the same mistake was repeated in the majority of the published English literature with a single exception which went unnoticed. Furthermore, we provide English speaking embalmers and mummy scholars with the complete and correct translation of the original version of Salafia’s formula.
Este artigo se dedica a uma análise histórica das fotografias que retratam os trabalhadores e trabalhadoras das minas de carvão no Sul do Brasil, especialmente nas regiões de São Jerônimo, no Rio ...Grande do Sul, e Criciúma, em Santa Catarina, entre os anos de 1945 a 1964. Analisando uma série de fotografias que abrangem desde greves até o dia a dia nas minas de carvão, o estudo destaca detalhes contidos nas imagens e suas implicações históricas, oferecendo percepções valiosas para compreender aspectos sociais, políticos e econômicos desses trabalhadores. O artigo também examina a ausência de mulheres nas fotografias das manifestações políticas, apesar de participarem ativamente das lutas políticas daquele período. Por meio de uma análise crítica das imagens, a pesquisa visa enriquecer a compreensão do ambiente de trabalho nas minas de carvão do Sul do Brasil, destacando a importância das fontes visuais para a pesquisa histórica.
U ovome radu autori istražuju pravno uređenje prostitucije u gradu Osijeku krajem 19. i početkom 20. stoljeća. Diljem Austro-Ugarske Monarhije prostitucija je bila legalna, ali je zbog moralnih, a ...prije svega zdravstvenih razloga, bila ograničena odredbama Kaznenog zakona iz 1852. godine. Te su odredbe bile općenite naravi, a reguliranje propisa vezanih za djelovanje bludilišta prepušteno je lokalnim (redarstvenim) vlastima. U glavnom dijelu rada, na temelju izvorne arhivske građe, autori detaljno analiziraju odredbe „Osnova pravilnika za nadziranje prostitucije u gradu Osijeku“ iz 1881. godine, odredbe „Pravilnika o uređenju i nadziranju prostitucije“ iz 1896. te izmjene koje je 1911. godine donio „Pravilnik za bludilišta u slob. i kr. gradu Osijeku“, odobren na temelju Naredbe Kr. zemaljske vlade, odjela za unutarnje poslove od 19. svibnja 1911. U fokusu analize navedeni su pravni propisi, a dodatno se analizira djelovanje prostitucije u gradu Osijeku sa sociolingvističkog stajališta na temelju oglasa objavljivanih u lokalnom tisku. Kao rezultat proučavanja izvorne arhivske građe, na kraju se zaključuje da je Osijek bio dio tadašnjih europskih strujanja u pogledu pravne regulacije prostitucije, ali je ta djelatnost i dalje smatrana društveno neprihvatljivom, što dokazuje sociolingvistička analiza oglasa objavljenih krajem 19. stoljeća u časopisima Slawonische Presse i Die Drau.
In this paper, the authors investigate the legal regulation of prostitution in the city of Osijek
at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The introductory section offers a brief
description of the multicultural urban environment of the city of Osijek and various aspects of
public life in the city in the historical period of research. Throughout the Austro-Hungarian
Monarchy, prostitution was legal, but due to moral and, above all, health reasons, it was limited
by the provisions of the Penal Code from 1852. These provisions were of a general nature, and
the specific regulation related to the operation of brothels was left to local (police) authorities.
Therefore, in the main part of the paper, based on the original archival materials available in the
State Archives of Osijek, the authors analyze in detail the provisions of the Basic Ordinance for
the Supervision of Prostitution in the City of Osijek of 1881 and amendments to these provisions
introduced by the Ordinance of 1896 and by the Ordinance for Brothels in the Free Royal City of
Osijek of 1911. In addition to the legal analysis of the aforementioned regulations, prostitution
in the city is analyzed from a sociolinguistic point of view based on advertisements published by
women in the local magazines entitled Slawonische Presse and Die Drau. As a result of the study
of the original archival materials, it is concluded that Osijek shared the European attitudes of that
time regarding the legal regulation of prostitution. Nevertheless, that profession was still considered
socially unacceptable, as confirmed by the sociolinguistic analysis of advertisements published by
the end of the 19th century in Slawonische Presse and Die Drau magazines.
The article considers the ratio of the leading agricultural sectors in the economic structure of Moldavian cities in the period from the end of the 16th century to the beginning of the 18th century. ...The study attempts to systematise the available historical material (various sources of that era) based on the mathematical method and mathematical modelling tools. The results of the study confirm the well-established facts that agricultural and trade and handicraft activities were basic in the urban economic infrastructure and were closely interconnected. The dominance of the agrarian factor in urban life and the semi-agrarian nature of the towns of the Principality of Moldavia contributed to significant functional changes in the evolution of the economic infrastructure of towns and cities, the formation of the urban market, trade and market relations, craft formations, and so on for the following centuries.
The study of macroscopic charcoal particles from peat bogs has led to a better understanding of climate, vegetation and fire history, and human impacts. To determine the relationship between human ...activities and the role of fire events in vegetation change during the last 3300cal yr BP, we present the results of a multi-proxy approach based on the analysis of sediment characteristics, sedimentary charcoal, organic matter and pollen, as well as historical sources. This multi-proxy research permits high resolution palaeoenvironmental and fire history reconstruction of a mountain area located in the southern central Pyrenees (Spain). In the Pyrenees, fire is typically attributed to human activities since the beginning of the Bronze Age and may be correlated with slash-and-burn cultivation, metallurgy and pasturing activities.
The data indicate a good linkage between high fire signals and Poaceae and Cerealia pollen, which reveals the impact of agro-pastoral practices. This study also shows two periods, 2900–2650cal yr BP and 1850–1550cal yr BP, for which higher frequencies of fire occurred, suggested by high arboreal pollen (AP) concentrations, and confirming the need for arboreal biomass to sustain fires. From the beginning of the Middle Ages, it seems that a change occurred in the anthropogenic use of fire, from a tool for agro-pastoral forest clearance to a means of maintaining open spaces.
Historical data sources are used by a wide variety of disciplines, but rarely do they look outside their particular research fields at how others are using and applying historical data. The use and ...application of historical data has grown rapidly over the last couple of decades within the meteorological, geophysical and hydrological disciplines, but have done so relatively independently. By coevolving, each discipline has developed separate themes or areas, with varying degrees of uptake beyond their academic communities. We find that whilst the geophysical discipline has been relatively successful in engaging with international policymakers and stakeholders, this has not been reflected within the meteorological or hydrological disciplines to date. This disparity has occurred for a variety of reasons, including varying scales of disaster and social, political and cultural structures. In examining current developments within the disciplines, evidence suggests that this disparity is lessening, as each are using online databases and some citizen science, but that they continue to evolve independently with little unifying structure or purpose. This continued autonomy makes multi-hazard analysis challenging which, considering the potential that historical datasets present in the emerging field of multi-hazards analysis, is a considerable hindrance to this field of research. In looking forward, opportunities emerge for improved understanding of the risks presented to societies by natural hazards in the past, but also for examining how resilience, behaviour and adaptation alter during periods of repose.
This discussion highlights the significance of often overlooked coin hoards in historical studies of the Roman Empire. It analyses the problems of incorporating numismatics as a means for studying ...ancient Roman history. The main part of the discussion focuses on the reliability level of hoard analysis and the possible pitfalls that lead to an insufficiently critical interpretation. In the example of two fourth-century Roman hoards from Slovenia, the Emona and the Čentur hoards, the author tries to show what such studies can bring, and with which challenges historians are faced with while studying coin hoards. She also explores how new approaches to studying coin hoards could help to integrate their studies into the study of classical history.
Empacho is one of the most recognized cultural-bound syndromes in Argentina. It is a digestive disorder with many causes, being excessive food intake the most frequent. It is easily diagnosed in ...household medicine and there are different treatments applied for releasing the obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract. Therapeutics includes the use of medicinal plants and abdominal maneuvers, as well as rituals of magical and/or religious nature. The aim of this work is to analyze the compiled literature, considering documents from the XVIIIth century up to present, related to the employed plant species for the treatment of empacho.
The bibliographic and journal collections of several Argentinean and foreign libraries and bookstores were consulted, in addition to the comprehensive review of the specific information found online.
Ninety (90) primary sources, spanning three hundred years (from 1710 to 2010) were found; most of them included ethnobotanical studies besides others of medical botany, pharmacobotanical and anthropological origin. A total of 152 plant species used to treat empacho were found in 360 total quotations, being Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin and Clemants; Alternanthera pungens Kunth; Ruta chalepensis L.; Clinopodium gilliesii (Benth.) Kuntze; Aloysia polystachya (Griseb.) Moldenke; Lippia turbinata Griseb., and Pluchea sagittalis (Lam.) Cabrera, the most frequently mentioned. The main therapeutic properties of the medicinal plants cited against empacho are stomachic, purgative, antispasmodic, bitter-tonic, carminative, and cholagogue-choleretic.
The variety of regions – spanning most of the country – from which the information comes, as well as the great variety of therapeutic strategies used, diversity of plant species and knowledge related to the treatment of empacho, is directly associated with the great significance that this disorder has within the system of medical-nosologic representations of the Argentinean popular medicine.
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