Described in the article is the territorial distribution of the area of cultivated hops and hop production by the countries of the world, including the development and the grounds for their ...distribution. In the monitored period, the world area of cultivated hops decreased significantly, by more than a quarter. However, world hop production has grown little due to a substantial increase in hop yields. The area of cultivated hops and hop production are currently highly concentrated in the nine main hop producing countries. Roughly two thirds of the current area and three quarters of current production worldwide is attributable to the USA and Germany. Production increased in New Zealand, the USA, and to a lesser extent in Germany and Poland, while Australia, Czechia, Slovenia and especially China and the United Kingdom reduced production. Hop growing is very important for the agriculture of Germany, Czechia, and in particular Slovenia. These countries have the highest values of monitored hop indicators per capita, including hop export. The development of hop production in the coming years will depend on the introduction of new high-yielding hop varieties and enlargement or reduction of the area of cultivated hops in connection with hop price changes, profitability of hop growing and demand of breweries.
Organic farming is a trend in official agricultural policies of the European Union. It prioritizes quality over quantity, which places it in contrast to the conventional farming aiming for the ...maximal profit . The history of organic hops growing began in the mid-eighties of the last century in Bavaria. In 2011 organic hops was grown on 55 farms in 10 countries, cultivating in total 187 hectares (ha) of hop-fields with an annual production of 240 t of certified organic hops. In other countries, including the Czech Republic, there are further 127 ha of hop fields in so-called transition period from conventional to organic hops growing. There were 4 farmers registered for organic hops production on 10.7 ha of hop fields in the Czech Republic at the end of 2011. The hop variety Saaz is grown on 8 ha and the variety Premiant on the remaining area. The research project Czech Organic Beer, financially supported by the Ministry of Industry and Trade from 2011 to 2013, deals with the issue of organic hops production. Pilot and full scale trials demonstrated very good quality of beers hopped with organic hops from the fields in the transition period. They also confirmed a promising market potential for this beer segment.Organic farming is a trend in official agricultural policies of the European Union. It prioritizes quality over quantity, which places it in contrast to the conventional farming aiming for the maximal profit . The history of organic hops growing began in the mid-eighties of the last century in Bavaria. In 2011 organic hops was grown on 55 farms in 10 countries, cultivating in total 187 hectares (ha) of hop-fields with an annual production of 240 t of certified organic hops. In other countries, including the Czech Republic, there are further 127 ha of hop fields in so-called transition period from conventional to organic hops growing. There were 4 farmers registered for organic hops production on 10.7 ha of hop fields in the Czech Republic at the end of 2011. The hop variety Saaz is grown on 8 ha and the variety Premiant on the remaining area. The research project Czech Organic Beer, financially supported by the Ministry of Industry and Trade from 2011 to 2013, deals with the issue of organic hops production. Pilot and full scale trials demonstrated very good quality of beers hopped with organic hops from the fields in the transition period. They also confirmed a promising market potential for this beer segment.
Hops--a millennium review Moir, M
Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists,
01/2000, Letnik:
58, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Of all the herbs that have been used to flavor and preserve beer over the ages, only the hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is now regarded as an essential raw material in brewing throughout the world. ...Although hops were cultivated in Babylon as far back as 200 A.D., there is no record of their use to make beer until about 1079. The value of hops for flavor and preservation of alcoholic beverages appears to have been recognized by the twelfth century, and, in the thirteenth century, the hop started to threaten traditional herbs, such as rosemary, yarrow, coriander, and bog myrtle. The Bavarian Purity Law of 1516 decreed that only hops could be used for bittering beers in Germany. For a long time, sweet and strong ales were preferred in England, and the hop was condemned as a "wicked and pernicious weed." Good sense eventually prevailed, however, and hops were first grown in England in 1524, 100 years before the first gardens were established in North America. Although selection of improved varieties must have been a continuous process for most of the second millennium, the breeding of hops as an organized, scientific operation dates from the start of the twentieth century with a program initiated at Wye College, England, in 1904. In the same year, the α-acid humulone was first isolated as a crystalline solid, and during the next 60 years our knowledge of hop chemistry and understanding of the isomerization process was developed, leading to great benefits for breeders, growers, and brewers alike. Over the last 40 years, there has been a rapid proliferation of types of processed hops, or hop products, which offer the brewer several economic and quality advantages over the use of whole hops, and the contribution of hops to beer aroma, bitterness, foam, and light stability can now be controlled more effectively than ever before.
The paper compares the main factors influencing the key supplier-industries for brewing and wine-production in the Czech Republic - hop-growing and winegrowing - and it is a part of a more extensive ...research focused especially on the processing industries, and the specifics of their analyses. The importance of hop-growing and winegrowing is based on the fact that they significantly influence not only the final product, but also the competitiveness in the successive industries of the product vertical. Similar influence within the examined industries is evidenced in the close interconnection with the above-mentioned (main) successive processing-part, and in the complicated position of the small growers. Differences are shown especially in the flexibility of reaction to the changes of demand for final products of the successive industries, and also in the position of both industries in the Czech Republic, and in the world.
Sredi 19. stoletja so v Spodnji Savinjski dolini začeli načrtno uvajati novo kmetijsko in obenem industrijsko dejavnost - hmeljarstvo, ki je z leti izrazito spremenilo krajinsko podobo doline, saj je ...vplivalo na spreminjanje njene poselitvene, stavbne in demografske strukture. Hmeljarstvo je postopoma vstopalo v savinjski agrarni svet in ga sčasoma tako razpoznavnopredrugačilo, da lahko govorimo o spodnjesavinjski hmeljarski kulturni krajini. S hmeljarstvom seje pojavila potreba po uvajanju za dejavnost značilnih gospodarskih stavb - hmeljskih sušilnic, ki so jih zlasti mali in srednji kmetje gradili kot prizidke obstoječim osrednjim gospodarskim poslopjem - marofom - ali kozolcem. Le pri velikih kmetih in veleposestnikih so že v letih pred drugo svetovno vojno nastajale velike hmeljske sušilnice s prostornimi skladiščnimi dvoranami, od srede 20. stoletja paje bila značilna gradnja velikih zadružnih in hmeljarskih domov, kjer je bilopoleg sušenja in skladiščenja hmelja združenih še veliko dejavnosti spodročja kulture, izobraževanja, bančništva, zadružništva inpreživljanjaprostega časa.
A case is reported of exogenous Candida endophthalmitis after ocular injury with a metal wire used for hop growing. A detailed description of treatment with vitrectomy and intravitreal amphotericin B ...injection is presented. On the basis of our experience, in such cases it is advisable to perform vitrectomy with amphotericin B intravitreal injection and silicone oil tamponade to prevent retinal detachment.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Eco-Museum of Hop-Growing and Brewing Industry in Slovenia established in the late 1950's and now located in the former hop drying ...facilities in Žalec- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Old machinery that was used for processing hops in the Eco-Museum of Hop-Growing and Brewing Industry in Slovenia in Žalec- All ...metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Hops growing as part of the interactive eco-museum experience at the Eco-Museum of Hop-Growing and Brewing Industry in Slovenia in ...Žalec,- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- The material in the collection of the Eco-Museum of Hop-Growing and Brewing Industry in Slovenia, created with the help of villagers ...in the surrounding municipalities, from their own collections of tools and memorabilia- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
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