Although human trafficking has a long and ignoble history, it is only recently that trafficking has become a major political issue for states and the international community and the subject of ...detailed international rules. Anne T. Gallagher calls on her direct experience working within the United Nations to chart the development of new international laws on this issue. She links these rules to the international law of state responsibility as well as key norms of international human rights law, transnational criminal law, refugee law and international criminal law, in the process identifying and explaining the major legal obligations of states with respect to preventing trafficking, protecting and supporting victims, and prosecuting perpetrators. This book is a groundbreaking work: a unique and valuable resource for policymakers, advocates, practitioners and scholars working in this controversial and important field.
Signed into law in 2000, the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) defined the crime of human trafficking and brought attention to an issue previously unknown to most Americans. But while human ...trafficking is widely considered a serious and despicable crime, there has been far less consensus as to how to approach the problem-owing in part to a pervasive emphasis on forced prostitution that overshadows repugnant practices in other labor sectors affecting vulnerable populations.Responding to Human Traffickingexamines the ways in which cultural perceptions of sexual exploitation and victimhood inform the drafting, interpretation, and implementation of U.S. antitrafficking law, as well as the law's effects on trafficking victims.
Drawing from interviews with social workers and case managers, attorneys, investigators, and government administrators as well as trafficked persons, Alicia W. Peters explores how cultural and symbolic frameworks regarding sex, gender, and victimization were incorporated into the drafting of the TVPA and have been replicated through the interpretation and implementation of the law. Tracing the path of the TVPA over the course of nearly a decade,Responding to Human Traffickingreveals the profound gaps in understanding that pervade implementation as service providers and criminal justice authorities strive to collaborate and perform their duties. Ultimately, this sensitive ethnography sheds light on the complex and wide-ranging effects of the TVPA on the victims it was designed to protect.
Trafficking in persons is a serious crime that affects the human rights, dignity and integrity of all its victims including women, men, and children in the Association of Southeast Asia Nation ...(ASEAN) region. ASEAN has made efforts to fight human trafficking through inter alia the establishment of regional counter-human trafficking laws and human rights bodies to establish best norms and practices for its member countries. Nevertheless, the International Labour Organization (ILO) recently declared that there are more than 11.7 million forced labor victims in the Asia-Pacific region encompassing the biggest concentration of forced labour victims in the world.
Case studies explore how women's rights shape state
responses to sex trafficking and show how politically empowering
women can help prevent and combat human trafficking
Human trafficking for the sex ...trade is a form of modern-day
slavery that ensnares thousands of victims each year,
disproportionately affecting women and girls. While the
international community has developed an impressive edifice of
human rights law, these laws are not equally recognized or enforced
by all countries. Sex Trafficking and Human Rights
demonstrates that state responsiveness to human trafficking is
shaped by the political, social, cultural, and economic rights
afforded to women in that state.
While combatting human trafficking is a multiscalar problem with
a host of conflating variables, this book shows that a common theme
in the effectiveness of state response is the degree to which women
and girls are perceived as, and actually are, full citizens. By
analyzing human trafficking cases in India, Thailand, Russia,
Nigeria, and Brazil, they shed light on the factors that make some
women and girls more susceptible to traffickers than others.
This important book is both a call to understanding and a call
to action: if the international community and state governments are
to responsibly and effectively combat human trafficking, they must
center the equality of women in national policy.
In response to a growing human trafficking problem and domestic and international pressure, human trafficking and the use of slave labor were first criminalized in Russia in 2003. InTrafficking ...Justice, Lauren A. McCarthy explains why Russian police, prosecutors, and judges have largely ignored this new weapon in their legal arsenal, despite the fact that the law was intended to make it easier to pursue trafficking cases.
Using a combination of interview data, participant observation, and an original dataset of more than 5,500 Russian news media articles on human trafficking cases, McCarthy explores how trafficking cases make their way through the criminal justice system, covering multiple forms of the crime-sexual, labor, and child trafficking-over the period 2003-2013. She argues that to understand how law enforcement agencies have dealt with trafficking, it is critical to understand how their "institutional machinery"-the incentives, culture, and structure of their organizations-channels decision-making on human trafficking cases toward a familiar set of routines and practices and away from using the new law. As a result, law enforcement often chooses to charge and prosecute traffickers with related crimes, such as kidnapping or recruitment into prostitution, rather than under the 2003 trafficking law because these other charges are more familiar and easier to bring to a successful resolution. In other words, after ten years of practice, Russian law enforcement has settled on a policy of prosecuting traffickers, not trafficking.
Migrant Smuggling Triandafyllidou, A; Loparo, Kenneth A
04/2012
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This book explores one important aspect of international irregular migration, notably the smuggling of migrants from Asia and Africa into southern European countries. During the last two ...decades, international migration has intensified both across the East to West and South to North axis,with Europe receiving increasing numbers of migrants from developing countries in Africa and Asia (and also Latin America), and this work examinesthis international movement of people that oftentakes place illegally and involves either unlawful border crossings or overstaying (with or without a visa). The book also discusses how migration control policies in southern European countries may inadvertently shape the migrant smuggling phenomenon and the smuggling 'business'.
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ANNA TRIANDAFYLLIDOU Professor at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute, Florence, Italy, and Senior Research Fellow at ELIAMEP in Athens, Greece. She is Visiting Professor at the College of Europe in Bruges, Belgium. Her recent books include: Muslims in 21st Century Europe and European Multiculturalisms . THANOS MAROUKIS Research Fellow at the Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP) in Athens, Greece. His books include: Migration in 21st Century Greece and Economic Migration in Greece .
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This books explores the phenomenon of irregular migration, notably the organization and role of migrant smuggling networks in aiding irregular migration from Asia and Africa to Europe. It also discusses how migration control policies in southern European countries shape the migrant smuggling phenomenon and the smuggling 'business'.
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Includes overone hundredinterviews with smuggled migrants, policy makers, civil society actors and intermediaries of smuggling networks Explores migrant smuggling from Asia and Africa to Europe Explores how migration control policies shape migrant smuggling and the smuggling 'business'
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List of Tables, Maps and Figures Preface Acknowledgements Irregular Migration and Human Smuggling from Asia and Africa to Europe Migrant Smuggling from Africa to Spain, Italy and Malta: A Comparative Overview The South-eastern Mediterranean: The Greece-Turkey Irregular Migration System Human Smuggling from/via North Africa and Turkey to Greece Human Smuggling from/via Asia and Turkey From Greece to Europe: Migrant Smuggling from Greece Onwards Trafficking in Human Beings Migrant Smuggling: A Social Business Bibliography References Index
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This book offers a compelling account of migrant smuggling from Africa and Asia to Europe
Climate change is a threat to the public health with wide-reaching impacts that are becoming more studied and recognized. An aspect of climate change that has not yet gained adequate scholarly ...attention is its potential impact on human trafficking. We review the potential impact of climate change on risk factors to human trafficking including poverty, gender inequality, political instability, migration or forced displacement, and weather disasters. We conclude that climate change is a crucially important consideration in understanding the complex and multifactorial risks for human trafficking. These findings add to the priority for health professionals to embrace efforts to prevent and to mitigate the effects of climate change and to take account of these risk factors in screening and identifying trafficked persons.
Foregrounding the voices of women who have survived experiences of domestic sex trafficking in the US, this text implements qualitative research methodologies to illustrate how experiences of complex ...trauma have impact on women’s identities, sexuality, relationships, and re-integration into communities.
Building on theoretical understandings of complex trauma and posttraumatic growth, this volume centers insights from in-depth interviews and photovoice methodology to document survivors’ experience of sex trafficking and recovery. Outlining the nature of support and services available, the text identifies recommendations for effective recovery and in doing so, emphasizes women’s capacity for post-traumatic growth. Relationship development, therapeutic and peer-support are highlighted as primary sources of healing. Ultimately, the text affirms the need for trauma-informed, ecological, and relational perspectives in the care of survivors.
This text will benefit researchers, academics, and educators with an interest in trauma studies, clinical social work, and those working in mental health research more broadly. The text will also support further discussion and reflection around mental health services and support systems, adult trauma counselling, and mental health policy.
Transnational Crime and Human Rights offers an evaluation of the responses to the transnational crime of human trafficking and governance of the issue through a case study of the Greater Mekong ...Subregion (GMS), which comprises Cambodia, the People's Republic of China, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Thailand, and Viet Nam. The book analyses the international and national legal policy frameworks and the role of governments, international and national non-governmental institutions, and regional processes in responding to trafficking issues in the GMS. The book is based on the findings of a three year study conducted in the region, involving interviews with more than 60 individuals from relevant organizations and agencies, and examines the social, political and historical factors, including gender and age, labour exploitation and migration which form the background to human trafficking in the GMS. The authors consider issues of competing mandates, and gaps in strategies for protection and conclude with a discussion of broader lessons to be learned from the GMS situation and suggestions for future governance strategies in the fight against trafficking.
The slave next door Bales, Kevin; Soodalter, Ron
2010., 20100615, 2009, 2010, 2009-06-18, 2010-08-23, 20090101
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In this riveting book, authors and authorities on modern day slavery Kevin Bales and Ron Soodalter expose the disturbing phenomenon of human trafficking and slavery that exists now in the United ...States. In The Slave Next Door we find that slaves are all around us, hidden in plain sight: the dishwasher in the kitchen of the neighborhood restaurant, the kids on the corner selling cheap trinkets, the man sweeping the floor of the local department store. In these pages we also meet some unexpected slaveholders, such as a 27-year old middle-class Texas housewife who is currently serving a life sentence for offences including slavery. Weaving together a wealth of voices—from slaves, slaveholders, and traffickers as well as from experts, counselors, law enforcement officers, rescue and support groups, and others—this book is also a call to action, telling what we, as private citizens, can do to finally bring an end to this horrific crime.
