One of the most innovative and brilliant philosophers of his generation, but largely neglected until he was brought to public attention by Gilles Deleuze, Gilbert Simondon presents a challenge to ...nearly every category and method of traditional philosophy. ' Psychic and Collective Individuation ' is undoubtedly his most important work and its influence, clearly felt in Stiegler and DeLanda, has continued to grow. David Scott provides the first full introduction to this work, which will inspire as well as instruct philosophers working in Continental thought, philosophy of science, social theory and political philosophy. He introduces Simondon's challenging text by clarifying its complex terminology and structure through a chapter-by-chapter commentary. By placing Simondon and the book in their historical context, Scott invites a dialogue with thinkers including Bergson, Deleuze, Heidegger, Sartre, Merleau-Ponty and Negri, and explains Simondon's relevance to current discussions about biopolitics and post-Nietzschean ethics.
Comparison of infant findings from the physical-reasoning and object-individuation literatures reveals a contradictory picture. On the one hand, physical-reasoning results indicate that young infants ...can use featural information to guide their actions on objects and to detect interaction violations (when objects interact in ways that are not physically possible) as well as change violations (when objects spontaneously undergo featural changes that are not physically possible). On the other hand, object-individuation results indicate that young infants typically cannot use featural information to detect individuation violations (when the number of objects revealed at the end of an event is less than the number of objects introduced during the event). In this article, we attempt to reconcile these two bodies of research. In a new model of early individuation, we propose that two systems help infants individuate objects in physical events: the object-file and physical-reasoning systems. Under certain conditions, disagreements between the systems result in catastrophic individuation failures, leading infants to hold no expectation at all about how many objects are present. We report experiments with 9- to 11-month-old infants (N = 216) that tested predictions from the model. After two objects emerged in alternation from behind a screen, infants detected no violation when the screen was lowered to reveal no object. Similarly, after two objects emerged in alternation from inside a box, which was then shaken, infants detected no violation when the box remained silent, as though empty. We end with new directions, suggested by our model, for research on early object representations.
It counts as empirically proven that infants can individuate objects. Object individuation is assumed to be fundamental in the development of infants’ ontology within the object-first account. It ...crucially relies on an object-file (OF) system, representing both spatiotemporal (“where”) and categorical (“what”) information about objects as solid, cohesive bodies moving continuously in space and time. However, infants’ performance in tasks requiring them to use featural information to detect individuation violations appears to be at odds with the object-first account. In such cases, infants do not appear to be able to develop correct expectations about the numerosity of objects. Recently, proponents of the object-first account proposed that these individuation failures result from integration errors between the OF system and an additional physical reasoning system. We are going to argue that the predictions of a feature-based physical-reasoning (PR) system are sufficient for explaining infants’ behavior. The striking predictive power of the PR system calls into question the relevance of the OF system and, thereby, challenges the assumption that infants can individuate objects early on.
Some objects and some things that happen are difficult to understand because they escape what one is used to find. When something cannot be explained by custom or the habitual rules of a society, a ...charitable reaction assumes things nevertheless make sense, but they demand that one finds explanations that may apply to them and therefore explain of the objects under observation. Changes in contexts and places where things are found modify how phenomena are expected to happen; associations, metaphors, and interpretation are some mechanisms of change that displace habits in place. Art ultimately is the suspect when phenomena in our everyday life manifest these changes.
En el presente trabajo se esclarece la noción de “información” según Gilbert Simondon, para lo cual se presenta el contexto histórico-epistemológico desde el cual surge y qué soluciones ofrece a la ...problemática de la época. Se hace especial énfasis en las conceptualizaciones realizadas por la teoría matemática de la información, la cibernética, y la biología. Luego, se analiza el devenir conceptual de la noción de “información” en el pensamiento de Simondon siguiendo tres momentos de su trabajo académico (clasificados por Juan Manuel Heredia): a) 1944-1958, b) 1959-1968; y c) 1968-1983. Con ello, genero una idea más completa sobre su sentido.
► Mechanisms and determinants of identity development and separation–individuation. ► Parents and children as interrelated, dynamic identity systems. ► Motivational characteristics of parents as ...determinants of flexibility in parenting. ► Integrative patterns of optimal/problematic identity development in p–c relationships. ► Implications of a conceptual integration for quantitative and qualitative research.
Identity development and separation–individuation in parent–child relationships are widely perceived as related tasks of psychosocial maturation. However, a dynamic, developmental perspective that explains how intra-personal change in identity evolves from transactions between parents and children is not sufficiently represented in the literature. In this article, a selective literature review of psychological approaches to identity development and separation–individuation is presented with a focus on how the role of parents has been covered by approaches to identity development and on how general mechanisms of identity change could be filled with content by processes of separation–individuation. Afterwards, dynamics of identity development and separation–individuation are integrated based on the conceptualization of parents and children as two interrelated identity systems. Specifically, it is illustrated how interpersonal differences in long-term related changes in identity formation, identity evaluation, autonomy, and separateness and attachment between parents and children, could be explained by parent–child transactions in the transition between childhood and adolescence and between adolescence and emerging adulthood. Finally, implications of an integrative perspective for future empirical research are discussed.
Jung, Neumann and Gebser Mitchell, Robert L.
The international journal of Jungian studies,
02/2020, Letnik:
12, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Abstract
In recent decades, indeterminate states of cultural identity in both individuals and nations have resulted from cross-cultural migrations and the resistance of host nations to critically ...re-evaluate traditional cultural complexes and welcome new influences. Jung’s theory of individuation, Neumann’s centroversion and Gebser’s integrality provide a new foundation in consciousness for re-evaluating both individual and national cultural identities. In terms of the development and education of children, the two common threads in these three theories are individuation and recapitulation theory. Individuation, re-imagined by Neumann as centroversion, parallels Gebser’s concept of integrality and provides a mediating foundation for comparing individuation and integrality. Both concepts are compared in terms of the first phase of the individuation process, characterized by the development and education of the child. The objective is to achieve an individuated-integral, spiritualized personality in the first half of life so that the spiritually mature adult can contribute to an evolved human consciousness and global cultural identity in the second half of life.
Across 13 essays - 12 of which were previously unavailable in English - Deleuze specialist Anne Sauvagnargues reveals the continuing potential of Deleuze, Guattari and Simondon to invent new concepts ...and new modes of creativity and existence.
Although the effects of counterstereotypic individuating information (i.e., information specific to individual members of stereotyped groups that disconfirms the group stereotype) on biases in ...explicit person perception are well-established, research shows mixed effects of such information on implicit person perception. The present research tested the overarching hypothesis that, when social group membership is perceived to be under an individual's control, diagnostic individuating information would have lesser effects on implicit person perception than it would when social group membership is perceived not to be under an individual's control. This hypothesis was tested in the domain of implicit attitudinal and stereotype-relevant judgments of individuals who belonged to existing social groups and individuals who belonged to novel social groups. We found that individuating information consistently shifted scores on implicit measures among targets belonging to existing social groups, but not in a theoretically predicted direction among targets belonging to novel social groups. Controllability of group membership did not moderate such effects. Results of implicit and explicit measures were mostly consistent when targets belonged to existing social groups, but mostly inconsistent when targets belonged to novel social groups.
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