Embedded autonomy Evans, Peter
1995., 20120112, 2012, 2012-01-12
eBook
In recent years, debate on the state's economic role has too often devolved into diatribes against intervention. Peter Evans questions such simplistic views, offering a new vision of why state ...involvement works in some cases and produces disasters in others. To illustrate, he looks at how state agencies, local entrepreneurs, and transnational corporations shaped the emergence of computer industries in Brazil, India, and Korea during the seventies and eighties.
In a changing world everyone designs: each individual person and each collective subject, from enterprises to institutions, from communities to cities and regions, must define and enhance alife ...project. Sometimes these projects generate unprecedented solutions; sometimes they converge on common goals and realize larger transformations. As Ezio Manzini describes in this book, we are witnessing a wave of social innovations as these changes unfold -- an expansive open co-design process in which new solutions are suggested and new meanings are created. Manzini distinguishes betweendiffuse design(performed by everybody) andexpert design(performed by those who have been trained as designers) and describes how they interact. He maps what design experts can do to trigger and support meaningful social changes, focusing on emerging forms of collaboration. These range from community-supported agriculture in China to digital platforms for medical care in Canada; from interactive storytelling in India to collaborative housing in Milan. These cases illustrate how expert designers can support these collaborations -- making their existence more probable, their practice easier, their diffusion and their convergence in larger projects more effective. Manzini draws the first comprehensive picture of design for social innovation: the most dynamic field of action for both expert and nonexpert designers in the coming decades.
One of the most vexing problems for governments is building controversial facilities that serve the needs of all citizens but have adverse consequences for host communities. Policymakers must decide ...not only where to locate often unwanted projects but also what methods to use when interacting with opposition groups. InSite Fights, Daniel P. Aldrich gathers quantitative evidence from close to five hundred municipalities across Japan to show that planners deliberately seek out acquiescent and unorganized communities for such facilities in order to minimize conflict.
When protests arise over nuclear power plants, dams, and airports, agencies regularly rely on the coercive powers of the modern state, such as land expropriation and police repression. Only under pressure from civil society do policymakers move toward financial incentives and public relations campaigns. Through fieldwork and interviews with bureaucrats and activists, Aldrich illustrates these dynamics with case studies from Japan, France, and the United States. The incidents highlighted inSite Fightsstress the importance of developing engaged civil society even in the absence of crisis, thereby making communities both less attractive to planners of controversial projects and more effective at resisting future threats.
This book challenges the widely accepted notion that globalization encourages economic convergence--and, by extension, cultural homogenization--across national borders. A systematic comparison of ...organizational change in Argentina, South Korea, and Spain since 1950 finds that global competition forces countries to exploit their distinctive strengths, resulting in unique development trajectories.
Locked in place Chibber, Vivek
2008., 20110627, 2011, 2003, c2003., 2004-01-01, 20030101
eBook
Why were some countries able to build "developmental states" in the decades after World War II while others were not? Through a richly detailed examination of India's experience, Locked in Place ...argues that the critical factor was the reaction of domestic capitalists to the state-building project. During the 1950s and 1960s, India launched an extremely ambitious and highly regarded program of state-led development. But it soon became clear that the Indian state lacked the institutional capacity to carry out rapid industrialization. Drawing on newly available archival sources, Vivek Chibber mounts a forceful challenge to conventional arguments by showing that the insufficient state capacity stemmed mainly from Indian industrialists' massive campaign, in the years after Independence, against a strong developmental state.
Work is central to people’s lives and the course of their life. The opportunities and chances an individual can have in their life are significantly connected to work. Individuals' work is also ...crucial for organisations, companies and for the whole of society. There is a constant need to make changes and readjustments of working life since these can deeply affect the individual and their employability. To make working lives more healthy, sustainable and attractive, being aware of the measures and changes that can be achieved in practice is of crucial importance. This book bridges the gap between the theories and explanatory models offered in research and actual work environments and workplaces. This book constitutes a theoretical framework that visualises the complexity of working life and increases the knowledge and awareness of individuals, companies, organisations and society regarding different factors and patterns. It aims to support individual reflections and joint discussions into daily operations on the individual, organisational and societal level. This book contains practical tools to use in daily working life that analyse possible risks in the work environment when planning measures and actions for health promotion. These practical tools are derived from the four spheres for action and employability in the SwAge model. Developed by the author, the SwAge model (Sustainable Working Life for All Ages) is a theoretical, explanatory model that explains the complexity of creating a healthy and sustainable working life for all ages. By using the SwAge model as a comprehensible framework, the reader will be able to visualise the complexity of factors that affect and influence whether people are able to and want to participate in working life and in the work environment, thereby contributing to increased employability. Designing Sustainable Working Lives and Environments is an essential read for students, researchers, work environment engineers, ergonomics and human factor specialists, occupational health and safety practitioners, business managers, HR staff, leadership decision-makers and labour union professionals.
The concept of ‘designerly ways of knowing’ emerged in the late 1970s in association with the development of new approaches in design education. Professor Nigel Cross first clearly articulated this ...concept in a paper called ‘Designerly Ways of Knowing’ which was published in the journal Design Studies in 1982. Since then, the field of study has grown considerably, as both design education and design research have developed together into a new discipline of design. This book provides a unique insight into a field of study with important implications for design research, education and practice. Professor Nigel Cross is one of the most internationally-respected design researchers and this book is a revised and edited collection of key parts of his published work from the last quarter century. Designerly Ways of Knowing traces the development of a research interest in articulating and understanding the nature of design cognition, and the concept that designers (whether architects, engineers, product designers, etc.) have and use particular ‘designerly’ ways of knowing and thinking. There are chapters covering the following topics: - the nature and nurture of design ability, - creative cognition in design, - the natural intelligence of design, - design discipline versus design science, and, - expertise in design. As a timeline of scholarship and research, and a resource for understanding how designers think and work, Designerly Ways of Knowing will be of interest to researchers, teachers and students of design, design practitioners and design managers. This is a major contribution to the literature of design research, knowledgeable, informed, and - above all - interesting.Ken Friedman, Professor and Dean of the Faculty of Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne. Written for: Researchers, teachers and students of industrial and product design Keywords: Design cognition Design education Design research Design science
Much more than a technical book. Erik’s work is a well documented journey into the multiple interactions between safety, work and human nature. A timely contribution to vindicate human beings and ...their variability from the one sided focus on the evils of human error. A groundbreaking look at ‘the other story’ that will certainly contribute to safer and more productive workplaces.
Dr Alejandro Morales, Mutual Seguridad, Chile
Safety needs a new maturity. We can no longer improve by simply doing what we have been doing, even by doing it better. DR Hollnagel brings forth new distinctions, interpretations, and narratives that will allow safety to progress to new unforeseen levels. Safety-II is more than just incident and accident prevention. A must read for every safety professional.
Tom McDaniel, Global Manager Zero Harm and Human Performance, Siemens Energy, Inc., USA
Workplace injuries are common, avoidable, and unacceptable. The Political Economy of Workplace Injury in Canada reveals how employers and governments engage in ineffective injury prevention efforts, ...intervening only when necessary to maintain the standard legitimacy. Dr. Bob Barnetson sheds light on this faulty system, highlighting the way in which employers create dangerous work environments yet pour billions of dollars into compensation and treatment. Examining this dynamic clarifies the way in which production costs are passed on to workers in the form of workplace injuries.
Femtosecond laser micromachining of transparent material is a powerful and versatile technology. In fact, it can be applied to several materials. It is a maskless technology that allows rapid device ...prototyping, has intrinsic three-dimensional capabilities and can produce both photonic and microfluidic devices. For these reasons it is ideally suited for the fabrication of complex microsystems with unprecedented functionalities. The book is mainly focused on micromachining of transparent materials which, due to the nonlinear absorption mechanism of ultrashort pulses, allows unique three-dimensional capabilities and can be exploited for the fabrication of complex microsystems with unprecedented functionalities.This book presents an overview of the state of the art of this rapidly emerging topic with contributions from leading experts in the field, ranging from principles of nonlinear material modification to fabrication techniques and applications to photonics and optofluidics. Roberto Osellame is a Research Associate at the Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology (IFN), Milan, Italy, of the National Research Council (CNR). From 2001 he is also a Contract Professor of Experimental Physics at the Politecnico di Milano. His research interests include integrated all-optical devices on nonlinear crystals, femtosecond laser micromachining of transparent material, fabrication and characterization of photonic and optofluidic devices and biophotonic applications. He is author of more than 60 scientific papers in premier peer-reviewed journals and received several invitations to major international conferences. He is inventor of two licensed patents in the field of photonics. He is in the technical program committees of the conferences CLEO Europe and Photonics West. He is currently the project coordinator of the 7th Framework Program EU project 'microFLUID' (2008-2011). Giulio Cerullo is Associate Professor of Physics at Politecnico di Milano. His current scientific interests concern generation of few-optical-cycle pulses, ultrafast spectroscopy with time resolution down to a few femtoseconds, and micro/nanostructuring by ultrashort pulses. He is the author of about 200 papers in international journals and has given over 40 invited presentations at international conferences. He is in the technical program committees of the conferences CLEO Europe, CLEO U.S.A., Photonics Europe and Ultrafast Phenomena. He is Topical Editor of the journal Optics Letters for the topic Ultrafast Optical Phenomena. He coordinates the European project HIBISCUS (Hybrid Integrated Bio-Sensors Created by Ultrafast Laser Sources). Roberta Ramponi is Full Professor of Physics at the Politecnico di Milano, and chair of the bachelor and master-of-science degrees in Physics Engineering. She has a long-standing cooperation with the CNR Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology as associate researcher. Her research activity includes integrated and nonlinear optics, the development of novel fabrication and characterization techniques for optical waveguides, and photonic devices for applications to telecommunications and to biomedical and environmental sensing. She is co-author of over 130 international publications. She was the President of the European Optical Society (EOS) in 2006-2008, now being the Past-President.
