The manufacturing industry is currently undergoing a significant transition towards electrification, prompted by the urgent need to reduce carbon emissions and embrace sustainable practices. Among ...the crucial areas that warrant attention, the usage of electricity for lighting stands out as an important contributor to a facility’s overall energy consumption, accounting for roughly six percent of facilities’ energy consumption. The proposed methodology aims to provide a holistic evaluation of the potential enhancements in energy efficiency, cost reduction, and sustainability that can be realized through the adoption of energy-efficient lighting technologies especially in regard to daylight harvesting systems. Industrial energy consumption data from a manufacturing facility are obtained from on-site energy audits provided by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Industrial Assessment Program. A daylight harvesting model is developed to facilitate prediction of energy and emission savings accrued from the proposed daylight harvesting model. The results indicated that savings from the installation of LEDs and daylight harvesting systems at the audited facility have the potential to reduce electricity consumption and CO2 emissions by 11.7%, and the total annual utility costs by 6.3%. Additionally, results indicated that daylight harvesting savings depend more on the window-to-floor ratio and room depth than orientation. Greater window area or lesser depth correlated with increased potential savings, but exceptions suggest other factors, like the number of lights within an area, also influence potential savings. The developed methodology can pave the way for manufacturers to explore the integration of daylight harvesting systems, alongside LEDs and occupancy sensors, as part of their broader energy efficiency initiatives.
•The effects of radiation on predictive accuracy in numerical simulations were studied.•A scaled experimental model with a high-temperature heat source was set up.•Simulation results were discussed ...considering with and without radiation model.•The buoyancy force and the ventilation rate were investigated.
This paper investigates the effects of radiation on predictive accuracy in the numerical simulations of industrial buildings. A scaled experimental model with a high-temperature heat source is set up and the buoyancy-driven natural ventilation performance is presented. Besides predicting ventilation performance in an industrial building, the scaled model in this paper is also used to generate data to validate the numerical simulations. The simulation results show good agreement with the experiment data. The effects of radiation on predictive accuracy in the numerical simulations are studied for both pure convection model and combined convection and radiation model. Detailed results are discussed regarding the temperature and velocity distribution, the buoyancy force and the ventilation rate. The temperature and velocity distributions through the middle plane are presented for the pure convection model and the combined convection and radiation model. It is observed that the overall temperature and velocity magnitude predicted by the simulations for pure convection were significantly greater than those for the combined convection and radiation model. In addition, the Grashof number and the ventilation rate are investigated. The results show that the Grashof number and the ventilation rate are greater for the pure convection model than for the combined convection and radiation model.
In this study, indoor thermal environment and workers' perceptions were investigated at four different locations in a naturally ventilated industrial building with high temperature heat sources in ...summer and winter. The results demonstrated that the differences between the mean radiant temperature and air temperature were between 0.8 °C and 5.3 °C in summer and between 1.6 °C and 11.0 °C in winter, and the average air velocity generally ranged from 0.3 m/s to 1.5 m/s. Moreover, the average wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) was between 27.3 °C and 29.0 °C in summer and between 5.7 °C and 8.9 °C in winter, which coincided with the workers' perceptions of the thermal environment. The WBGT thus may be one of the potential indices to evaluate the indoor thermal environment in summer and winter. A prediction model for the indoor WBGT using the thermal environmental parameters was developed strictly based on the law of analogy for heat and mass transfer. The predictions agreed quite well with the measured data for WBGT of between 24 °C and 30 °C in summer and 2 °C–10 °C in winter, and the absolute differences between the predicted and measured WBGT were between 0 °C and 1.1 °C with an average of 0.3 °C in summer and between 0 °C and 1.2 °C with an average of 0.5 °C in winter. Therefore, the proposed indoor WBGT prediction model was valid and can be used to determine the acceptable thermal environmental parameters during the design stage for naturally ventilated industrial buildings with high temperature heat sources.
•The characteristics of measured thermal environment were clearly different from civil building.•The measured WBGT coincided with the worker's perception toward the thermal environment.•The proposed indoor WBGT prediction model can predict WBGT more accurately.
The fugitive emissions from industrial buildings in urban areas have significant impacts on the surrounding environment. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the key factors affecting the ...dispersion of these fugitive emissions and to find methods to mitigate their impact on the surrounding environment. This study investigates the dispersion characteristics of fugitive emissions from industrial buildings in relation to atmospheric stability and emission location. Additionally, this study explores the efficacy of wind catchers in mitigating the impact of fugitive emissions on the surrounding environment. The findings reveal that as atmospheric stability increases, the area range of building wake effect expands, and the turbulence intensity of the air flow diminishes, leading to more fugitive emissions entering the building wake area and diffusing near the ground. The wind catchers heighten the flow height of the polluted airflow and amplifies the turbulence intensity, effectively preventing fugitive emissions from entering the building wake area and accelerating the dilution of pollutants dispersed into the atmosphere. Consequently, the installation of wind catchers is highly effective in reducing the downstream impact of fugitive emissions, thereby improving the air quality of the surrounding environment.
•The fugitive emissions emitted from industrial buildings mainly flow out from the middle of the street canyon.•Wind catchers can enhance the mixing and dilution of fugitive emissions into the atmosphere.•The pollutant concentration in the downstream residential area decreased by 31–65% after installation the wind catcher.
Fiber particles generated from production can adversely affect the working environment, operation equipment and human health, etc. while settling slowly in air. In our study, the settling properties ...of single fiber particles, which are hygroscopic and slender, were analyzed based on the high-speed camera system. The results show that under the experimental conditions, fiber particles do not deform during settling; however, the non-uniform morphology can result in horizontal displacement and rotation of the particle. Additionally, the settling velocity increases with the particle diameter and curvature degree to varying degrees. Moreover, the gray correlation analysis proved that the diameter impacts the settling velocity to the greatest extent, and the degree of influence of the moisture absorption rate is close to that of the length and curvature. Finally, based on the force analysis and experimental verification, the most appropriate method to calculate the equivalent diameter was determined for the fiber particles.
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•Settling velocity of fiber particles increase with the particle diameter and curvature degree.•The diameter can exert influence on settling velocity of fiber particle to the greatest extent.•Proper method to calculate equivalent diameter of large fiber particle is determined in terms of average orientation angle.
Nested buildings today represent an efficient alternative to traditional recovery interventions in terms of cost-effectiveness, sustainability and compatibility with the existing building. The ...Italian territory has many disused industrial buildings on which it is necessary to operate with new recovery and re-market strategies. This article presents the results of the research, currently in progress, carried out by the ICEA department (University of Padua). The research concerns the recovery of industrial buildings in reinforced concrete from the 20th century. In these buildings the prefabrication allows a considerable optimization of the recovery interventions focused on modularity and prefabrication to fasten the construction times together with flexibility and reversibility. The analysis of the functional, structural and construction types made it possible to identify general intervention criteria which – as the identification of the average span dimensions – led to two design scenarios of wooden housing modules, following nested-building strategy. After a phase of study and critical analysis, criteria and guidelines for intervention were identified which – as the identification of the average span dimensions – led to two design scenarios of wooden housing modules, following nested-building strategy. The ex-Manifattura Tabacchi factory in Verona was chosen as a case study on which the results of the research were tested.
Currently, much attention is paid to the structural reliability and safety of buildings and structures, as well as the speed and quality of design and construction. The increase in these indicators ...is facilitated by the expansion of the use of information modelling technology through the integration of new calculation methods into the digital building model. The paper considers the design of structures of a single-storey frame industrial building using information modeling technology. The order of work in the programs “Tekla Structures” and “Crystal” is presented on specific examples. Conclusions are given about the advantages of using BIM technologies in the construction industry.
Due to competitive pressure and varying customer demands, product and technology life cycles are constantly shortening. Thus, manufacturing companies must handle the increasing discrepancy between ...long building life cycles and shortening product and technology life cycles. For economic and sustainability reasons, shortening the building life cycles is no viable option. Instead, factory buildings should be able to meet the changing production requirements and thus lay the foundation for a resilient manufacturing system. As it is not economically reasonable to build production buildings that simply maximize flexibility and changeability, an estimation of consistent future requirements is necessary. This estimation should focus on the requirements of the most rigid parts of the building. Traditional, statistic-based forecasting methods are not suitable because of the long planning horizons in building planning. However, methods used in corporate foresight promise good results. This paper gives a short overview of the research status and the relevant terminologies. After that, a method to cope with the described challenge is presented. The method identifies possible future developments of the production system. It then translates these developments into requirements on the building system and evaluates different degrees of requirement fulfillment. On this basis, the method helps to decide what specific developments the building should cover. Unlike existing approaches, this method focuses not only on the factory building itself as the system of highest relevance for long-term changeability but also reduces the execution effort and improves the integration of production planning and building planning.
Abstract
Viele Bauwerke wie Brücken, Hochbauten oder Industrieanlagen sind aktuell durch neue zu ersetzen. Ihre (planmäßige) Nutzungszeit ist vorüber. Zudem besteht großer Bedarf an Wohnraum in den ...wachsenden Städten. Beide Bauarten, Ersatz wie Neubau, finden in engen Verkehrsnetzen statt, die durch Güter‐, Waren‐ und Personenverkehr bereits weitgehend ausgelastet sind. Schnelles Bauen – gemeint ist hier die Ausführung vor Ort – motiviert sich daraus in den Zielen, die Verkehrsnetze möglichst gering zusätzlich zu belasten und kurzfristig neue Bauwerke für die jeweilige Nutzung zur Verfügung zu stellen. Die Qualität bleibt erhalten. Der Beitrag stellt als Übersichtsartikel zum Sonderheft den Rahmen des Schnellbaus vor. Dies sind seine Motivation in Deutschland und Europa, seine historische Einordnung in die Bautätigkeit der letzten Jahrzehnte bzw. Jahrhunderte inkl. aktueller Forschungsansätze und Grundsätze, die für schnelle Bauausführungen wichtig sind.
Abstract
Fast‐track construction – motivation, history & concepts
Many structures such as bridges, building constructions or industrial facilities are currently being replaced by new ones. Their (scheduled) service life is over. In addition, there is a great demand for living space in growing cities. Both, replacements and new constructions, take place in tight traffic systems that are already largely utilized by freight, goods and passenger traffic. Fast‐track construction – meaning on‐site execution here – is motivated by the goals of minimizing additional impact on the traffic systems and making new structures available for their respective usages at short notice. The quality is maintained. The contribution presents the framework of fast‐track construction as an overview article of the special issue. Included are its motivation in Germany and Europe, its historical context with respect to the construction activity of the last decades or centuries, respectively, including current research approaches and principles that are important for fast‐track construction on‐site.
