Knowledge representation is at the very core of a radical idea for understanding intelligence. Instead of trying to understand or build brains from the bottom up, its goal is to understand and build ...intelligent behavior from the top down, putting the focus on what an agent needs to know in order to behave intelligently, how this knowledge can be represented symbolically, and how automated reasoning procedures can make this knowledge available as needed. This landmark text takes the central concepts of knowledge representation developed over the last 50 years and illustrates them in a lucid and compelling way. Each of the various styles of representation is presented in a simple and intuitive form, and the basics of reasoning with that representation are explained in detail. This approach gives readers a solid foundation for understanding the more advanced work found in the research literature. The presentation is clear enough to be accessible to a broad audience, including researchers and practitioners in database management, information retrieval, and object-oriented systems as well as artificial intelligence. This book provides the foundation in knowledge representation and reasoning that every AI practitioner needs. * Authors are well-recognized experts in the field who have applied the techniques to real-world problems * Presents the core ideas of KR in a simple straight forward approach, independent of the quirks of research systems * Offers the first true synthesis of the field in over a decade
Optimization is one of the most important areas of modern applied mathematics, with applications in fields from engineering and economics to finance, statistics, management science, and medicine. ...While many books have addressed its various aspects, Nonlinear Optimization is the first comprehensive treatment that will allow graduate students and researchers to understand its modern ideas, principles, and methods within a reasonable time, but without sacrificing mathematical precision. Andrzej Ruszczynski, a leading expert in the optimization of nonlinear stochastic systems, integrates the theory and the methods of nonlinear optimization in a unified, clear, and mathematically rigorous fashion, with detailed and easy-to-follow proofs illustrated by numerous examples and figures. The book covers convex analysis, the theory of optimality conditions, duality theory, and numerical methods for solving unconstrained and constrained optimization problems. It addresses not only classical material but also modern topics such as optimality conditions and numerical methods for problems involving nondifferentiable functions, semidefinite programming, metric regularity and stability theory of set-constrained systems, and sensitivity analysis of optimization problems. Based on a decade's worth of notes the author compiled in successfully teaching the subject, this book will help readers to understand the mathematical foundations of the modern theory and methods of nonlinear optimization and to analyze new problems, develop optimality theory for them, and choose or construct numerical solution methods. It is a must for anyone seriously interested in optimization.
It seems that just about every new technology that we bring to bear on improving our lives brings with it some downside, side effect or unintended consequence. These issues can pose very real and ...growing ethical problems for all of us. For example, automated facial recognition can make life easier and safer for us – but it also poses huge issues with regard to privacy, ownership of data and even identity theft. How do we understand and frame these debates, and work out strategies at personal and governmental levels? Technology Is Not Neutral: A Short Guide to Technology Ethics addresses one of today's most pressing problems: how to create and use tools and technologies to maximize benefits and minimize harms? Drawing on the author's experience as a technologist, political risk analyst and historian, the book offers a practical and cross-disciplinary approach that will inspire anyone creating, investing in or regulating technology, and it will empower all readers to better hold technology to account.
Dr Donald Bailey starts with introductory material considering the problem of embedded image processing, and how some of the issues may be solved using parallel hardware solutions. Field programmable ...gate arrays (FPGAs) are introduced as a technology that provides flexible, fine-grained hardware that can readily exploit parallelism within many image processing algorithms. A brief review of FPGA programming languages provides the link between a software mindset normally associated with image processing algorithms, and the hardware mindset required for efficient utilization of a parallel hardware design. The design process for implementing an image processing algorithm on an FPGA is compared with that for a conventional software implementation, with the key differences highlighted. Particular attention is given to the techniques for mapping an algorithm onto an FPGA implementation, considering timing, memory bandwidth and resource constraints, and efficient hardware computational techniques. Extensive coverage is given of a range of low and intermediate level image processing operations, discussing efficient implementations and how these may vary according to the application. The techniques are illustrated with several example applications or case studies from projects or applications he has been involved with. Issues such as interfacing between the FPGA and peripheral devices are covered briefly, as is designing the system in such a way that it can be more readily debugged and tuned. Provides a bridge between algorithms and hardwareDemonstrates how to avoid many of the potential pitfallsOffers practical recommendations and solutionsIllustrates several real-world applications and case studiesAllows those with software backgrounds to understand efficient hardware implementationDesign for Embedded Image Processing on FPGAsis ideal for researchers and engineers in the vision or image processing industry, who are looking at smart sensors, machine vision, and robotic vision, as well as FPGA developers and application engineers.The book can also be used by graduate students studying imaging systems, computer engineering, digital design, circuit design, or computer science. It can also be used as supplementary text for courses in advanced digital design, algorithm and hardware implementation, and digital signal processing and applications.Companion website for the book: www.wiley.com/go/bailey/fpga
Text Mining Damerau, Fred; Indurkhya, Nitin; Weiss, Sholom M ...
2004
eBook
The growth of the web can be seen as an expanding public digital library collection. Online digital information extends far beyond the web and its publicly available information. Huge amounts of ...information are private and are of interest to local communities, such as the records of customers of a business. This information is overwhelmingly text and has its record-keeping purpose, but an automated analysis might be desirable to find patterns in the stored records. Analogous to this data mining is text mining, which also finds patterns and trends in information samples but which does so with far less structured--though with greater immediate utility for users--ingredients. This book focuses on the concepts and methods needed to expand horizons beyond structured, numeric data to automated mining of text samples. It introduces the new world of text mining and examines proven methods for various critical text-mining tasks, such as automated document indexing and information retrieval and search. New research areas are explored, such as information extraction and document summarization, that rely on evolving text-mining techniques. TOC:Overview of text mining.- From textual information to numerical vectors.- Using text for prediction.- Information retrieval and text mining.- Finding structure in a document collection.- Looking for information in documents.- Case studies.- Emerging directions.- Appendix: software notes.- References.- Author and subject indexes.
Potrebe i zahtjevi tržišta radna ukazuju na nedostatak mnogih zanimanja, među kojima su često i različiti profili u području tehnike i tehnologije. S obzirom da se djeca već u osnovnoj školi trebaju ...poticati i usmjeravati u takva zanimanja, izvjesno je da na njihove stavove i interese može utjecati i školovanje. Stoga su je u ovom radu provedeno istraživanje i analiza stavova i interesa učenika prema karijernom razvoju u području tehnike i tehnologije. Istraživanje je provedeno na stratificiranom uzorku (N = 2155) osnovnoškolskih učenika predmetne nastave. Analizom su obuhvaćene spolne i dobne razlike s obzirom na njihov izravni interes, stavove prema poslovima, iskustvene stavove, te karijerne težnje. Za obradu prikupljenih podataka korišten je t-test i jednosmjerna analiza varijance uz Scheffé post-hoc testove. Rezultati pokazuju da su vrlo zainteresirani za aktivnosti u tehnici i tehnologiji te da uvažavaju razloge za izbor poslova u ovom području. Ipak, po pitanju vlastitih težnji i percepcije u tim poslovima te iskustvenih stavova, uočavaju se bitne spolne i dobne razlike. Djevojčice su pritom znatno manje sklone poslovima, iskustvima i zanimanjima u tehnici i informatici u odnosu na dječake. Iako su učenici nižih razreda više zainteresirani za tehniku i tehnologiju, istodobno su manje skloni aktivnostima, poslovima i zanimanjima u ovom području u odnosu na učenike viših razreda. Ovakvi nalazi ukazuju na nužnost prilagodbe sadržaja i aktivnosti koje će podjednako afirmirati djevojčice i dječake, što uključuje promjenu pedagoških pristupa, stilova poučavanja te više istraživačkih i dizajnerskih aktivnosti u nastavi. Dobna prilagodba traži izvedbene promjene kurikuluma, osobito nastave informatike, više smislenih praktičnih, istraživačkih i integriranih aktivnosti, te više vremena za takve aktivnosti u osnovnoškolskom kurikulumu.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning, EC-TEL 2009, held in Nice, France in September/October 2009. The 35 revised full papers, ...17 short papers, and 35 posters presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 136 paper submissions and 22 poster submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on adaptation and personalization, interoperability, semantic Web, Web 2.0., data mining and social networks, collaboration and social knowledge construction, learning communities and communities of practice, learning contexts, problem and project-based learning, inquiry, learning, learning design, motivation, engagement, learning games, and human factors and evaluation.
The purpose of this fantastically useful book is to lay out an overview on possible tools for state reconstruction in nonlinear systems. Here, basic observability notions and observer structures are ...recalled, together with ingredients for advanced designs on this basis. The problem of state reconstruction in dynamical systems, known as observer problem, is crucial for controlling or even merely monitoring processes. For linear systems, the theory has been well established for several years, so this book attempts to tackle the problem for non-linear systems.
Straub Elek portréja a Neumann János Számítógép-tudományi Társaság (NJSzT) Informatikatörténeti Fóruma (iTF) szervezésében készített "Arcképek a magyar informatika történetéből" sorozatában.
