ObjectiveTo support the NSW Health COVID-19 pandemic response using rapid record linkage to provide key information to inform policy and practice.
ApproachThe Centre for Health Record Linkage hosts a ...secure, high-performing data linkage system, including a Master Linkage Key (MLK) of administrative health datasets, and generates linked data to inform policy decisions.
Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, a series of rapid record linkage projects were requested for a range of purposes.
Characteristics of people hospitalised with COVID-19
Characteristics of the NSW Health workforce notified with COVID-19
Information on COVID-19 tests carried out on Aboriginal people and people born overseas
COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness in the Sydney Metropolitan area
ResultsThe COVID-19 Communicable Disease Register – a linked dataset of COVID Case notifications, negative COVID tests, Admitted Patient Data, Emergency Department Data, Death Registrations and records of the Australian Immunisation Register, has been updated 34 times since March 2020, providing a rich dataset to answer questions on the health outcomes of COVID-19 cases, such as hospitalisations and ICU admissions, on access to testing in vulnerable populations, and on vaccine effectiveness in the Sydney Metropolitan area. The update frequency, scope and size of the Register has changed throughout the pandemic. We will describe examples of how this information has been used to inform policy decisions at different points in the pandemic response.
ConclusionThe combination of an up-to-date MLK, established data supply infrastructure and procedures, and supportive legislation enabled NSW Health to provide rapid and responsive record linkage to support the COVID-19 pandemic response.
This paper is concerned with the organization of responses to informings. Using Conversation Analysis, it will show that different receipting practices, including both embodied and vocal ones, ...display differences in scope in response to informings. With these differences in scope, recipients of informings can signal to the informing party that they receipted either the just preceding part of the informing or the entire informing. The positions of these practices follow a typology of four dimensions: embodied vs. vocal, token vs. phrasal, semantically empty vs. semantically filled and rising vs. falling intonation. When an informing is receipted by different practices of these pairs, the first type will be used for small-scope recipiency while the second type will be used for large scope. This organization of receipting practices illustrates how participants in informing sequences can negotiate the completeness of the informing and the state of informedness of the recipient.
•An organization is shown of Dutch receipt practices in response to informings•The organization includes vocal and embodied receipt practices.•Receipt practices display differences in scope.•Recipients of informings signal their state of informedness•With the organization, participants negotiate the success of informing.
Older patients are generally not included in Phase 1 clinical trials despite being the population group who use the largest number of prescription medicines. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic ...(PBPK) modelling provides an understanding of the absorption and disposition of drugs in older patients. In this review, PBPK models used for the prediction of absorption and exposure of drugs after parenteral, oral and transdermal administration are discussed. Comparisons between predicted drug pharmacokinetics (PK) and observed PK are presented to illustrate the accuracy of the predictions by the PBPK models and their potential use in informing clinical trial design and dosage adjustments in older patients. In addition, a case of PBPK modelling of a bioequivalence study on two controlled release products is described, where PBPK predictions reproduced the study showing bioequivalence in healthy volunteers but not in older subjects with achlorhydria, indicating further utility in prospectively identifying challenges in bioequivalence studies.
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The issue of whistleblowers is one of great interest and controversy because of EU Directive (EU) 2019/1937 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2019 on the protection of ...persons who report breaches of Union law. While the English meaning of “whistleblowing” is inherently positive and not associated with anything negative, the Polish translation of the word, “
”, often does not evoke positive associations. Blowing the whistle versus snitching are two types of activity and it is important to understand the essence of these terms. Unfortunately, the linguistic connotations indicate that Poles do not always read the proper intentions when hearing the word “whistleblower”. Whistleblowing is often seen in Poland as a reprehensible activity, and whistleblowers are usually referred to as denouncers. The meaning of the word “whistleblower” in Poland is rather pejorative. European history, experienced through Nazi practices, the spying age of the Cold War and invigilation by the Soviet Union, has developed firmly established hostility against so-called informers. That is why it is so difficult to attain a level of positive understanding of the meaning of this word in Poland. The current realities of operating an organization, regardless of its legal nature, force it to conform to certain standards. These standards, arising either from legal norms or good practice, form the so-called compliance system. Regulations on whistleblowing are inevitably part of it.
This paper examines quotations involving predicates like call or refer to that inform the addressee about the name of a lexicalized concept. Quotations of this sort often contain names that are ...accompanied by a determiner, e.g., This phenomenon is called a “sun halo.” We claim that name-informing constructions imply an underspecified copular relation which entails a referring interpretation of the name. Crucially, the determiner is optional in name-informing quotations, cf. This phenomenon is called “sun halo.” Specifically, our studies aim to determine whether the name in name-informing constructions is perceived as referentially more salient when it is accompanied by a determiner. To test this, three experimental studies were conducted, employing forced-choice tasks, acceptability judgment, and self-paced reading paradigms. Those three experimental methods showed non-significant differences indicating an equivalent behavioral treatment of the two alternatives. Therefore, we conclude that names used in name-informing constructions accompanied by a determiner do not differ referentially from uses not involving a determiner. The data thus suggest that the two realizations of name-informing constructions are semantically equivalent and entail identical semantic features. (University of Kassel)
The purpose of this investigation is to define the architecture of computer informing systems. The methodology is based on an interdisciplinary, big-picture view of the cognition units which provide ...the foundation for informing systems. Among the findings are the following: informing systems should be designed for rigor and relevance with respect to the cognitive units (information), integrating its purpose and goal to achieve its expected utility; informing systems should also be designed for reasoning richness, informing modes, informing quality, and predicting informing biases and filters. Practical implications: A well-designed informing system should provide as an output a message and resonant change by reflecting information that triggers the client’s behavior. Social implication: The quest for the development of informing systems is not supported by Academia in practice; it is only supported by a close circle of early leaders of such systemic applications who sought to enhance the existing information systems which very often process data but do not inform as they should. Originality: This investigation, by providing an interdisciplinary and graphic modeling of informing channels and systems, indicates the vitality of these systems and their potential to create better decision-making in order to solve problems and sustain organizations and civilization.
Aim/Purpose The Informing Science Institute (ISI) is an informing system, designed using informing science principles, for the express purpose of informing researchers who study problems related to ...informing. This paper describes the ISI as an applied instance of an informing system and analyzes the channels, informers, and clients of the ISI. Background This paper begins with a brief overview of the current activity of the ISI, as well as an introduction to informing science philosophy and an explanation of the need for a transdiscipline. The ISI is a non-profit organization that provides several informing channels, including 13 open-access, peer-reviewed journals, as well as conferences, books, and outreach activities. Methodology Statistical analyses of the authors, institutions, and countries of origin were conducted for every ISI paper published between 1998 and December of 2019. Additionally, interviews were conducted with 5 current and former Editors-in-Chief of ISI journals. Contribution This paper provides a current description and analysis of the ISI informing system's channels, informers, and clients. Findings The ISI has published over 4,100 articles by over 4,500 authors from over 600 universities. Statistical analyses of articles published in ISI journals demonstrated that the ISI is characterized in part by robust international participation, with significant participation by authors from countries that have been traditionally under-represented in academic publications. The ISI achieved these outcomes through the use of the philosophical principles and design guidelines for informing science. Keywords Informing Science Institute, open access, information systems, transdiscipline, informing systems
Measuring Local Government Transparency da Cruz, Nuno Ferreira; Tavares, António F.; Marques, Rui Cunha ...
Public management review,
07/2016, Letnik:
18, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Despite the importance of government transparency to promote accountability and prevent maladministration, empirical research has failed to produce proper tools to assess and compare government ...transparency practices. Most contributions to the topic do not address it from a stakeholder's perspective, particularly in selecting the indicators to include in transparency indexes. This paper contributes to the debate by developing a municipal transparency index based on information available on local government official websites. The methodological approach borrows insights from the decision analysis literature to structure the index through a participatory process. An application to the Portuguese local government setting is briefly discussed.
Surprisingly little is known about how informational relevance guides children’s informing decisions. Although prior studies have demonstrated that children selectively inform and teach others these ...studies do not directly address whether children consider informational relevance specific to an outgroup member. We also know that children by age 5 and 6 show robust preferences for their ingroup members in various decisions but does information relevance modulate their ingroup preferences? In three experiments (N = 180), we investigated whether Iraqi Kurdish 6-year-old children expect others to inform an ingroup member or an outgroup member, depending on the informational relevance. In Experiment 1 children expected others to inform an ingroup member rather than an outgroup member irrespective of information type – extending prior work on ingroup preferences. In experiments 2 and 3, in which the relevance of the information to an outgroup member was highlighted, children’s expectation about informing an ingroup member was modulated by information type. Together, the findings suggest that children consider informational relevance to guide their expectations about others’ selective informing in the context of group membership, which could further explain how cultural knowledge is maintained and reinforced among members of the same cultural group.
•Children use informational relevance to guide their expectations about others’ selective informing.•Children generally expect others to inform an ingroup member rather than an outgroup member.•Children’s expectations about informing were modulated when informational relevance to an outgroup member was highlighted.
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