Application of digital photogrammetry Phisan Santitamnot(Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok (Thailand). Faculty of Engineering. Department of Survey Engineering) E-mail:Phaisan.S@eng.chula.ac.th; Thatkitsada Khunachiwa(Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok (Thailand). Faculty of Engineering. Department of Survey Engineering)
2002
Publication
Information security management is becoming a more critical and, simultaneously, a challenging function for many firms. Even though many security managers are skeptical about outsourcing of IT ...security, others have cited reasons that
are used for outsourcing of traditional IT functions for why security outsourcing is likely to increase. Our research offers a novel explanation, based on competitive externalities associated with IT security, for firms' decisions to outsource IT security. We show that if competitive externalities are ignored, then a firm will outsource security if and only if the MSSP offers a quality (or a cost) advantage over in-house operations, which is consistent with the traditional explanation for security outsourcing. However, a higher quality is neither a prerequisite nor a guarantee for a firm to outsource security. The competitive risk environment and the nature of the security function outsourced, in addition to quality, determine firms' outsourcing decisions. If the reward from the competitor's breach is higher than the loss from own breach, then even if the likelihood of a breach is higher under the MSSP the expected benefit from the competitive demand externality may offset the loss from the higher likelihood of breaches, resulting in one or both firms outsourcing security. The incentive to outsource security monitoring is higher than that of infrastructure management because the MSSP can reduce the likelihood of breach on both firms and thus enhance the demand externality effect. The incentive to outsource security monitoring (infrastructure management) is higher (lower) if either the likelihood of breach on both firms is lower (higher) when security is outsourced or the benefit (relative to loss) from the externality is higher (lower). The benefit from the demand externality arising out of a security breach is higher when more of the customers that leave the breached firm switch to the non-breached firm.
Infrastructure development, which can help distribute resources and serve as a base of service delivery, is indispensable to the welfare of human society and development. The quality and efficiency ...of infrastructure have a great influence on the quality of life of the people, social soundness, and economic activity. The Romans, for example, developed an extensive road network, built aqueducts and bridges, and thus helped cement their empire. The provision of infrastructure supported the economic development of every country in the world, and superior infrastructure systems have contributed greatly to an improvement in the overall quality of life. This paper is designed to introduce some views on infrastructure management and stock management in the countries of Asia. It focuses on management aspects of the civil engineering infrastructure, i.e. it excludes buildings
Figure 1-1 shows the economic development in Asian countries (the gross national income per capita from 1960 to the present). Compared to Southeast Asia and South Central Asia, East Asia has experienced a far faster economic growth over this period. Infrastructure is indispensable to the welfare of human society as well as economic development
Over the last two decades, Ethiopia has achieved remarkable progress toward social and economic indicators. Analytical evidence shows that development projects with a significant information and ...communication technology (ICT) component have a higher potential to achieve greater outcomes on the ground than the ones not supported by ICT. This is why the Government of Ethiopia sees ICT within the broader context of its socioeconomic development objectives and believes that it should take advantage of today's most innovative and reliable technologies to accelerate the rate of economic growth and alleviate poverty in the country. The Government of Ethiopia has requested the ICT sector unit of the World Bank to prepare a comprehensive report on how ICT can be used to achieve a true transformation of the Ethiopian economy and society. Therefore, this report explores how ICT can be leveraged to foster the development of an ICT-enabled industry and the private sector in general, to enhance public sector performance, to develop the agriculture and health sectors, and finally how all these efforts can lead to the emergence of an open innovation ecosystem. This report takes stock of current and recently-launched ICT initiatives in Ethiopia and develops sector-specific recommendations based on international best practices that help leverage the transformative power of ICT to improve the social and economic well-being of citizens and achieve rapid and sustainable socioeconomic development. The report explores following topics: background in chapter one, presents fostering the development of ICT-enabled industry and the private sector in chapter two. Chapter three deals with enhancing the performance of the public sector. Chapter four is developing the health sector. Chapter five deals with agricultural and rural development. Chapter six helps in creating an open innovation ecosystem; and chapter seven presents recommendations for ICT-enabled transformation in Ethiopia.
The Chicago Skyway has been sold again.Sun-Times file photoThe Chicago Skyway is changing hands for the second time in seven years generating another transaction tax windfall for Chicago taxpayers. ...Canadian pension plans that control the ...
Investors are seeking to sale that could value the Chicago Skyway lease at $4 billion, Bloomberg reports.Cars drive under a "Welcome to Chicago" sign on the Chicago Skyway on the Far South Side, ...Friday evening, July 3, 2020.
This chapter introduced the basic notions of application and infrastructure management for Web services.
Metrics have been presented that can be used for build monitoring models for applications or ...infrastructure components. Monitoring models provide a systematic foundation for monitoring and archiving data that characterize the behavior and the boundaries of “normal” behavior for a Web service. Monitoring, or more general, management models are also the precursory for tool support and implementing an effective management solution for a Web service.
Enterprise management will evolve from infrastructure management to service management. Services will turn management itself into a service, which is needed to operate (managed) services. Services encapsulating and abstracting diversity found in infrastructure is another step towards managing business in conjunction with supporting IT systems. Business-aware management capabilities can be seen today in management products.
The Local Government Division, Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives (LGD) agreed, as part of the identification of a follow-up project to the on-going Rural Transport ...Improvement Program (RTIP), to launch an Operational Risk Assessment (ORA) of the Local Government Engineering Department (LGED). The ORA draws on and adapts previous work to develop methodologies to assess and suggest mitigation measures for fiduciary risks, as well as inherent risks linked with road and infrastructure construction and maintenance, administrative control risks, and risks associated with political influence. The Fiduciary and Operational Risk Management Improvement Plan (FORMIP) built on the first report to: (i) assess fiduciary and operational risks in LGED's management of projects, assets and other resources, and in LGD's oversight function, that are likely to be major factors in possible funds leakages, delays and undue interferences and overall inefficient use of public resources; (ii) prioritize options which are realistic and available to effectively minimize (and where possible, eliminate) the major operational risks identified; and (iii) identify options for mechanisms which (drawing on this ORA as a 'baseline') will facilitate efficient future monitoring of operational risks in LGED and the LGD. An important conclusion of the ORA is that most of the recommended actions are within LGED's authority to take, with support from development partners and routine budgetary spending and staffing authorizations from other agencies. However, the action plan proposed in the report will be greatly enhanced if supported by further development of the Government's, Bank's and development partners' programs to improve governance and reduce overall operational risk in Bangladesh. Individual sub-sector reports such as these ORA can only have a limited impact in the absence of wider and widely supported programs.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- EN The road network is one of the greatest patrimonial assets of a country, state or city. It also provides a fundamental basis for ...the growth and economic development, giving huge economic and social benefits. Likewise, it contributes significantly with environmental damages during its construction, maintenance and use. It is important to say that the maintenance of a road network in good conditions is vital to reduce transportation costs, aiding to the economy of a country. Thus, a good pavement management could translate in economics, environmental and social benefits but above all in a significant improvement of the patrimonial assets. The present work focuses on the development of a making decisions tool for the management of maintenance of pavements of urban road networks. With it, it is intended to achieve the better increase of the road network value using the least possible investment and warranting the sustainability of the infrastructures. The proposed methodology stablishes a set of economics, technical, environmental and social criteria, which are quantitively valued. This valuation combined with the SAW method (Simple Additive Weighting) allows to stablish an annual priority ranking of the roads in which one must act with maintenance and rehabilitation works. For the calibration of the relative weights of each criterion, the making decision tool, is applied to a Valencia's urban road network sample. For this, a sensitivity analysis is proposed in which 22 scenarios with different combinations of relative weights are compared. The comparison criterion used, is the ratio benefit-cost, it is obtained from the economic assessment in a horizon of 4 years for each of the scenarios. This work concludes by setting the optimal scenario of relative weights to use in the making decision tool for the pavement maintenance management. The quantification of the improvement of the road network's value and the benefit-cost ratio, allows to demonstrate and conclude that the making decisions using the development tool, generates in long-term greatest economics benefits than those obtained with the common practices.- CA La xarxa vial és un dels majors béns patrimonials d'un país, comunitat o ciutat. A més, proporciona una base fonamental per al creixement i desenrotllament econòmic, dotant d'amplis beneficis econòmics i socials. De la mateixa manera, contribuïx significativament amb danys mediambientals durant la seua construcció, manteniment i ús. Cal recalcar que, el manteniment d'una xarxa vial en bon estat és vital per a reduir costos de transport de persones i béns, contribuint a l'economia d'un país. És per això que, una correcta gestió dels paviments pot traduir-se en beneficis econòmics, ambientals, socials i sobretot, una millora significativa dels béns patrimonials. El present treball se centra a desenrotllar i proposar una ferramenta de presa de decisions per a la gestió de manteniment de paviments de xarxes vials urbanes. Amb açò es pretén aconseguir el major increment del valor de la xarxa vial, utilitzant la menor inversión i garantizant la sostenibilitat de les infraestructures. La metodologia proposada establix una sèrie de criteris econòmics, tècnics, ambientals i socials, els quals són valorats de manera quantitativa. Esta valoració combinada amb el mètode SAW (Simple additive weighting/ ponderació additiva simple) permet establir anualment un rànquing de priorització de les vies en què s'ha d'actuar amb treballs de manteniment i rehabilitació. Per al calibratge dels pesos relatius de cada criteri, la ferramenta de presa de decisions, és aplicada a una mostra de la xarxa vial urbana de València. Per a això, es planteja una anàlisi de sensibilitat en què es comparen 22 escenaris amb combinacions de pesos diferents. El criteri de comparació utilitzat, és el ràtio benefici-cost, obtingut de l'avaluació econòmica en un horitzó de 4 anys per a cada un dels escenaris. Aquest treball conclou plantejant l'escenari òptim de pesos relatius a utilitzar en la ferramenta de presa de decisions per la gestió del manteniment de paviments. La quantificació de l'increment del valor de la xarxa vial i el ràtio benefici-cost obtingut, permeten demostrar i concloure que la presa de decisions utilitzant la ferramenta desenvolupada, genera a llarg termini beneficis econòmics majors als obtinguts amb les pràctiques tradicionals.- ES La red vial es uno de los mayores bienes patrimoniales de un país, comunidad o ciudad. Además, proporciona una base fundamental para el crecimiento y desarrollo económico, dotando de amplios beneficios económicos y sociales. De igual manera, contribuye significativamente con daños medioambientales durante su construcción, mantenimiento y uso. Cabe recalcar que, el mantenimiento de una red vial en buen estado es vital para reducir costes de transporte de personas y bienes, contribuyendo a la economía de un país. Es por ello que, una correcta gestión de los pavimentos puede traducirse en beneficios económicos, ambientales, sociales y sobre todo, una mejora significativa de los bienes patrimoniales. El presente trabajo se centra en desarrollar y proponer una herramienta de toma de decisiones para la gestión de mantenimiento de pavimentos de redes viales urbanas. Con esto se pretende conseguir el mayor incremento del valor de la red vial, utilizando la menor inversión posible y garantizando la sostenibilidad de las infraestructuras. La metodología propuesta establece una serie de criterios económicos, técnicos, ambientales y sociales, los cuales son valorados de manera cuantitativa. Esta valoración combinada con el método SAW (Simple additive weighting/ ponderación aditiva simple) permite establecer anualmente un ranking de priorización de las vías en las que se debe actuar con trabajos de mantenimiento y rehabilitación. Para la calibración de los pesos relativos de cada criterio, la herramienta de toma de decisiones, es aplicada a una muestra de la red vial urbana de Valencia. Para ello, se plantea un análisis de sensibilidad en el que se comparan 22 escenarios con combinaciones de pesos diferentes. El criterio de comparación utilizado, es el ratio beneficio-coste, obtenido de la evaluación económica en un horizonte de 4 años para cada uno de los escenarios. Este trabajo concluye planteando el escenario óptimo de pesos relativos a utilizar en la herramienta de toma de decisiones para la gestión del mantenimiento de pavimentos. La cuantificación del incremento del valor de la red vial y el ratio beneficio-coste obtenido, permiten demostrar y concluir que la toma de decisiones utilizando la herramienta desarrollada, genera a largo plazo beneficios económicos mayores a los obtenidos con las prácticas tradicionales.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
This report addresses the establishment of a centralized information and communication technology (ICT) platform for the microfinance sector in Nepal. It has been shown from international experience ...that ICT improves the efficiency, transparency, and outreach of microfinance institutions (MFIs) and reduces operational costs. There is an opportunity in Nepal to implement similar solutions, and this report provides information on these solutions and offers recommendations for implementing them in Nepal. The microfinance sector in Nepal has many players, but these players have shown few real successes. The sector is largely unsustainable, subsidy driven, and fragmented to the extent that it might not meet the real needs of the country. This report presents a new paradigm for introducing ICT in the microfinance sector of Nepal. The centralized technology platform was chosen as opposed to telecom-led platforms due to its ability to resolve most of the pertinent challenges that Nepal's microfinance sector faces. The paradigm can help remove most of the constraints that have limited the growth of MFIs and kept them from becoming sustainable, moving out to remote and rural areas, and providing more loans to those that need them. In the traditional paradigm, MFIs acquire ICT in an ad hoc fashion and are able to use it only partially to automate their operations.
