Innovation studies do not generally focus on the innovator. Consequently, the
role of gender in a firm?s innovation practice is out of the focus of
research. In order to fill this research gap, the ...present study explores the
intensity and the type of innovative practice of women and men-owned
businesses operating in production and service sectors in the USA. This
descriptive study?s results show that women- and men-owned businesses differ
in terms of their innovativeness while the nature of these differences is
related to the business sector and to the way in which the innovations are
operationalised. Women owned businesses are more likely to introduce
product/service innovations, both generally and by sector. On the other
hand, women-owned businesses are found to be less innovative in terms of
process improvements, in general and in the service sector. The existence
and the nature of the female-male innovation gap vary depending on the
operationalisation of the innovation variable as well. The paper includes
the gender perspective in examining innovation, thus tackling the
under-researched profile of the innovator. Moreover, it examines the wider
context of innovations by including marginalised forms of innovations, such
as incremental and process innovations, and it covers a range of industries
which are usually neglected in innovation studies.
This study examines the performance of user entrepreneurs in acquiring financial resources via crowdfunding. User entrepreneurs are thought to have better performance than non-user entrepreneurs, but ...the theoretical underpinnings of these differences are unclear. We propose a baseline hypothesis that claims of user entrepreneurship serve as a signal of capability and commitment to potential backers. In addition, building on three distinct identities of user entrepreneurs, we argue that user entrepreneurs' perceived passion, product innovativeness, and need similarity with potential backers mediate the relationship between user entrepreneurship and crowdfunding performance. Our results from a field study using a sample of crowdfunded ventures support these assertions. We validate these results and measures using both survey and experimental methods. This is one of the first studies to develop a multi-theoretical framework for user entrepreneurship, and the first to provide an underlying theoretical explanation for the superior crowdfunding performance of user entrepreneurs.
•User entrepreneurs have higher chances of success in crowdfunding.•User entrepreneurs have higher perceived passion and develop more innovative products.•Funders socially identify with user entrepreneurs through need similarity.•Complementary perspectives on the performance impact of user entrepreneurship.•Non-user entrepreneurs may perform better by taking a user perspective.
The talents of scientific and technological (sci-tech) innovators are crucial in maintaining the competitiveness of an organization. Based on organizational support theory, we examined the ...stimulation and effectiveness of sense of work gain in a survey of 459 sci-tech innovators under
three types of paternalistic leadership: authoritarian, benevolent, and moral. The results showed that authoritarian leadership was negatively related to innovators' task performance, whereas both benevolent and moral leadership were positively related to their task performance. For sense
of work gain, all three dimensions (survival, relationship, and growth gain) mediated the relationship between authoritarian leadership and task performance, and relationship gain and growth gain mediated the relationships between both benevolent and moral leadership, and task performance.
Organizational support positively moderated the relationships between the three dimensions of sense of work gain and task performance. The findings provide theoretical and practical references for improving innovators' sense of work gain and task performance.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, FSPLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
PurposeIn heterogeneously segmented markets, collaborating with product users in product innovation is important for business success. End user innovators and embedded user innovators differ in terms ...of their prior embeddedness in the target industry. The purpose of this study is twofold. First, the authors empirically compare these two types of user innovators in terms of their diffusion channel selection. Second, the authors analyze how the technological advances of their innovations affect this difference.Design/methodology/approachUsing an online questionnaire survey, this study collected a sample of 237 user-generated innovations in Japan and analyzed several hypotheses using quantitative statistical approaches.FindingsThe analysis shows that embedded user innovators are more likely than end user innovators to transfer their innovations to producers rather than peers. As the technological advances of their innovations increase, end user innovators' likelihood of transferring their innovation to producers increases more significantly than that of embedded user innovators.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to investigate the difference between end user innovators and embedded user innovators with respect to their diffusion channel selection as well as the moderating role of technological advances. The findings bring new perspectives to the domains of user–producer collaboration and technology transfer.
Aims
L‐asparaginase is an essential medicine in the treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and the quality of generic formulations is an area of concern. We compared nine generic ...formulations of L‐asparaginase available in India with the innovator.
Methods
The quality of formulations was assessed by measuring 72‐hour trough asparaginase activity in children with ALL during induction following administration of 10,000 IU/m2 of L‐asparaginase. In‐vitro analysis of the label claim was assessed by measuring activity of three generic formulations. Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was used to determine the amount of host contaminant proteins (HCPs) in the formulations.
Results
Between March 2015 to June 2018, 240 samples from 195 patients were analyzed. The number of samples analyzed ranged from 7–66 per generic brand (median: 18) and seven of the innovator. The proportion of generic formulations that failed to achieve a predefined clinical threshold activity of 50 IU/L ranged from 16.7% (2/12) to 84.9% (28/33) in the highest activity to lowest activity generic respectively. On other hand, all innovator samples had activity greater than 50 IU/L. In‐vitro asparaginase activity in the three generic formulations tested ranged from 71.4–74.6% of the label claim (10,000 IU) compared to 93.5% for the innovator. LC/MS analysis of generic 5 identified 25 HCPs with a relative peptide count of 27.1% of the total peptides.
Conclusions
Generic formulations had lower asparaginase activity which raises serious clinical concerns regarding their quality. Until stringent regulatory enforcement improves the quality of these generics, dose adaptive strategies coupled with therapeutic drug monitoring need to be considered.
•Green productivity growth was measured in major urban agglomerations of China.•Technical progress is the main contributor to green productivity growth.•Green and yellow cities were categorized by ...the criterion of eco-friendliness.•Green innovators were identified from the sample cities.•Determinants driving green productivity growth vary across urban agglomerations.
This paper employs the global Malmquist–Luenberger productivity index to measure and decompose green productivity growth for three major urban agglomerations in China over the period 2003–2013. As the first study known to focus on the green productivity of emerging cities in developing countries, the results show that technical progress, rather than efficiency improvements, is the main contributor to green productivity growth. Using the criterion of eco-friendliness, we categorize the cities into ‘green’ and ‘yellow’ city groups and identify 10 green innovators for the sample cities. The analysis also discusses the determinants of the drivers of green productivity growth and provides some useful policy implications.
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