Since Jung’s death in 1961, scholars have attempted to integrate growing biological science data into Jungian concepts such as the collective unconscious, instincts and the archetypes. This ...enterprise has been challenging due to persistent false dichotomies of gene and environment occasionally arising. Recent works by Roesler (2022a, 2022b) for example, have raised objections to the biological theory of archetypes, but the objections are plagued by such dichotomies. The concept of phenotypic plasticity, however, helps to both avoid this problem as well as bridge the gap between competing theories into a more integrated model with solid biological foundations.
Depuis la mort de Jung en 1961, les chercheurs ont tenté d’intégrer les données nouvelles de la biologie avec les concepts Jungiens tels que l’inconscient collectif, les instincts et les archétypes. Cette initiative a rencontré des difficultés car des dichotomies fausses mais tenaces sur le sujet des gènes et de l’environnement se manifestaient. Les travaux récents de Roesler (2022a, 2022b) par exemple ont exprimé des objections à la théorie biologique des archétypes. Cependant ces objections sont biaisées par les dichotomies mentionnées. Le concept de plasticité phénotypique, cependant, aide à la fois à éviter ce problème et à former une passerelle entre des théories rivales et un modèle mieux intégré et doté de solides fondements biologiques.
Seit dem Tode Jungs im Jahr 1961 haben Wissenschaftler versucht, wachsende biologisch‐wissenschaftliche Daten in Jungianische Konzepte wie das kollektive Unbewußte, Instinkte und die Archetypen zu integrieren. Dieses Unterfangen bildete aufgrund der anhaltenden falschen Dichotomien von Gen und Umwelt, die gelegentlich auftauchten, eine Herausforderung. Zum Beispiel haben neuere Arbeiten von Roesler (2022a, 2022b) Einwände gegen die biologische Theorie der Archetypen erhoben, aber die Einwände sind von solchen Dichotomien geplagt. Das Konzept der phänotypischen Plastizität hilft jedoch sowohl dieses Problem zu vermeiden als auch die Kluft zwischen konkurrierenden Theorien hin zu einem stärker integrierten Modell mit soliden biologischen Grundlagen zu überbrücken.
Dalla morte di Jung nel 1961, gli studiosi hanno tentato di integrare i crescenti dati della scienza biologica in concetti junghiani come l’inconscio collettivo, gli istinti e gli archetipi. Questa impresa è stata resa complessa dalle persistenti e false dicotomie tra gene e ambiente che sono sorte periodicamente. Opere recenti di Roesler (2022a, 2022b), ad esempio, hanno sollevato obiezioni alla teoria biologica degli archetipi, ma le obiezioni sono afflitte da tali dicotomie. Il concetto di plasticità fenotipica, tuttavia, aiuta sia ad evitare questo problema che a colmare il divario tra le teorie concorrenti in un modello più integrato con solidi fondamenti biologici.
С тех пор как в 1961 году умер Юнг, предпринят ряд попыток интегрировать растущий массив исследовательских данных в области биологических наук в юнгианскую теорию с такими ее концепциями, как коллективное бессознательное, инстинкты и архетипы. Это сложная задача, поскольку ей сопутствует периодически дающее о себе знать стремление к постоянной неоправданной поляризации гена и среды. В последних работах Реслера (Roesler 2022a, 2022b), например, выдвинуты возражения против биологической теории архетипов, однако эти возражения инфицированы подобной поляризацией. Между тем концепция фенотипической пластичности помогает как избежать этой проблемы, так и преодолеть разрыв между конкурирующими теориями, объединив их в более интегрированную модель с прочными биологическими основаниями.
Desde la muerte de Jung en 1961, académicos han intentado integrar data creciente de las ciencias biológicas a conceptos Junguianos como inconsciente colectivo, instintos y arquetipos. Esta empresa ha sido desafiada debido al surgimiento ocasional de persistentes falsas dicotomías entre genes y medio ambiente. Trabajos recientes de Roesler (2022a, 2022b), por ejemplo, han planteado objeciones a la teoría biológica del arquetipo, pero las objeciones se encuentran afectadas por semejantes dicotomías. El concepto de plasticidad fenotípica, sin embargo, ayuda a evitar este problema, así como a subsanar la brecha entre teorías contrapuestas, hacia un modelo más integrado con fundamentos biógicos sólidos.
表型可塑性和原型:对原型和本能的生物学理论的常见反对意见的回应
自从荣格1961年去世后, 学者们便试图将不断增长的生物科学数据融入荣格的概念, 如集体无意识、本能和原型。但由于一直以来, 时而出现基因和环境的错误二分法, 这项事业一直具有挑战性。例如, 最近 Roesler (2022a, 2022b) 在其作品中, 对原型的生物学理论提出了反对意见, 但这些反对意见也受到了这种二分法的困扰。然而, 表型可塑性的概念既有助于避免这个问题, 也有助于在相互竞争的理论之间架起桥梁, 形成一个具有坚实生物学基础的更综合的模型。
It is paradoxical that instinct became a central term for late Victorian sexual sciences as they were elaborated in the medicalized spaces of confession and introspection, given that instinct had ...long been defined in its opposition to self-conscious thought. The Ploy of Instinct ties this paradox to instinct's deployment in conceptualizing governmentality. Instinct's domain, Frederickson argues, extended well beyond the women, workers, and "savages" to whom it was so often ascribed. The concept of instinct helped to gloss over contradictions in British liberal ideology made palpable as turn-of-the-century writers grappled with the legacy of Enlightenment humanism. For elite European men, instinct became both an agent of "progress" and a force that, in contrast to desire, offered a plenitude in answer to the alienation of self-consciousness. This shift in instinct's appeal to privileged European men modified the governmentality of empire, labor, and gender. The book traces these changes through parliamentary papers, pornographic fiction, accounts of Aboriginal Australians, suffragette memoirs, and scientific texts in evolutionary theory, sexology, and early psychoanalysis.
Simplicity in nature is the ultimate sophistication. The world's magnificence has been enriched by the inner drive of instincts, the profound drive of our everyday life. Instinct is an inherited ...behavior that responds to environmental stimuli. Instinctive computing is a computational simulation of biological and cognitive instincts, which influence how we see, feel, appear, think and act. If we want a computer to be genuinely secure, intelligent, and to interact naturally with us, we must give computers the ability to recognize, understand, and even to have primitive instincts. This book, Computing with Instincts, comprises the proceedings of the Instinctive Computing Workshop held at Carnegie Mellon University in the summer of 2009. It is the first state-of-the-art survey on this subject. The book consists of three parts: Instinctive Sensing, Communication and Environments, including new experiments with in vitro biological neurons for the control of mobile robots, instinctive sound recognition, texture vision, visual abstraction, genre in cultures, human interaction with virtual world, intuitive interfaces, exploitive interaction, and agents for smart environments.
The volume offers various considerations of Nietzsche´s attempt to connect language to the instinctive activity of the human body. In focusing on how Nietzsche tries to dissolve the traditional ...opposition between instinct and language, as well as between instinct and consciousness and instinct and reason, the different papers address a great variety of topics, e.g. morality, value, the concept of philosophy, dogmatism, naturalization, metaphor, affectivity and emotion, health and sickness, tragedy, and laughter. Among the authors: Scarlett Marton, Werner Stegmaier, Patrick Wotling, and many others.João Constâncio and Maria João Mayer Branco, New University of Lisbon, Portugal.
Nous pensons habituellement qu'il revient à Freud d'avoir séparé la « pulsion » de l' « instinct ». En lisant les psychiatres et les anthropologues allemands du XIX
e siècle, on découvre un débat qui ...avait pour but de définir et de comparer la pulsion (
Trieb) et l'instinct (
Instinkt), qui interroge l'existence d'une pulsion sexuelle dans l'enfance et suppose un lien entre la pulsion et le vécu. Ces conceptions variées déterminent un arrière plan scientifique qui a largement contraint la pensée de Freud et de ses disciples.
We use to think it was Freud who distinguished the “drive” and the “instinct”. By reading the German psychiatrists and anthropologists of the nineteen century we come to know about a debate which aimed to define and to compare the drive (
Trieb) and the instinct (
Instinkt), it questions the existence of a sexual drive in childhood and assumes a link between the drive and experience. The various conceptualisations we present here emphasize a scientific background which has constrained Freud's thinking and that of his followers.
The present study argues that William Golding's Lord of the Flies can be read as a manifest for the natural degeneration of human beings, and that human beings are violent and competent by nature. In ...doing so, the present article, firstly, draws upon the Hobbesian philosophy of human nature and how it is in conflict with the related ideas of Rousseau. The article, then, analyzes certain elements of the novel so as to show the Hobbesian ideas behind the novel where there is a society of children and the upcoming relations of power and individual desires. The article afterwards argues that human nature, against what the author declares in the Hot Gates (1965) as the degenerated human nature, is not naturally degenerating, but through society this savagery of human being takes place. Ideas of Rousseau are then used thereupon for backing this very argument. Golding's novel launces attack on Rousseau's ideas that society is the agent of corruption in beings.
