Urban redevelopment has been widely acknowledged as a cure for the urban diseases relevant to urban deterioration, decayed environment, and limited land supply in the process of rapid urbanization ...and economic development in Chinese megacities. Given the slow and inefficient progress of traditionally state-dominated redevelopment because of high transaction costs, Shenzhen has been authorized to pioneer market-oriented urban redevelopment. Our study aims to assess how institutional innovations in urban redevelopment affect the market value of redevelopment projects. In line with this goal, major institutional innovations in market-oriented urban redevelopment are identified and analyzed. Furthermore, a number of hypotheses on whether these innovative rules affect the market value of redevelopment projects are developed. Two-stage regression models are employed, and all existing 183 urban redevelopment projects are used as samples to test these hypotheses. Our empirical findings indicate that the market premium (MP) of redevelopment projects is higher if the developer is the applicant compared with old factory owners, village committees, or the local government department as the applicants. Redevelopment projects from old residential properties gain a higher MP than those from old factory buildings. The MP of redevelopment projects from old factories on state-owned land is higher than that on collective-owned land. MP is higher for projects sited in larger urban redevelopment areas and for projects constructed with the public school as the developer obligation. These MP performances incurred by different institutional arrangements in market-oriented urban redevelopments have barely been revealed in previous studies. This study serves as a valuable reference for the government to make tailor-made land value capture schemes so as not to lose public value increases or kill redevelopment projects.
•Institutional arrangements play an important role in shaping price premium performance of urban redevelopment projects.•Institutional arrangements are differed by the nature of the applicants who have different sets of property rights and apply for land redevelopment rights.•The market premium (MP) of a redevelopment project is highest if the developer is the applicant.•The MP of the redevelopment projects arising from old urban villages or old urban residential communities is higher than that of the projects from old factories on state-owned or collective-owned land.•The MP is higher for projects sited in larger redevelopment areas and for projects contributing public schools as developer obligations.
•Value chains play an important role in agricultural technology adoption.•Value chain innovations are used to enhance farmer adoption of new technologies.•We provide a typology of value chain ...innovations illustrated by case studies.•We relate the type of innovation and their success to various factors.
The adoption of modern technologies in agriculture is crucial for improving productivity of poor farmers and poverty reduction. However, the adoption of modern technology has been disappointing. The role of value chains in technology adoption has been largely ignored so far, despite the dramatic transformation and spread of modern agri-food value chains. We argue that value chain organization and innovations can have an important impact on modern technology adoption, not just by downstream companies, but also by farmers. We discuss conceptual issues and provide an empirical typology of institutional innovations through which value chains can contribute to technology transfer to agriculture in developing and emerging countries.
The years after the Second World War were a period of strong economic growth for France. This development has reinforced the need for companies in terms of middle management. At the same time an ...increasing number of students came to the universities. At the time, however, faculties had high failure rates. French government authorities had to deal with the convergence of these two phenomena. Among the different solutions, they decided to promote an alternative way. The University Institutes of Technology (IUT) were established. These new institutes built very close relationships with companies. They have also benefited from important innovative teaching methods and institutional innovations too.
The Far East Demyanenko, A.N.; Dyatlova, L.A.
Problems of economic transition,
10/3/2017, Letnik:
59, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The article considers the recent government policies aimed at the development of the Far East in the context of the historical experience of the pre-Soviet period.
Cities in the Netherlands have long relied on active land policy for urban development. More recently, municipalities have started to explore new types of land policies, as they became aware of the ...financial risks of this policy. As an alternative to their active involvement in land development, new legislation for urban land readjustment (ULR) has been proposed. This policy supports a land assembly strategy, in which the owners swap land positions, and share (infrastructure) development costs and gains. This paper explores the motivations in the Netherlands for introducing this new land policy tool. Additionally, based on two case studies, we discuss how public and private stakeholders might respond to the introduction of ULR. We conclude that it is unlikely that the introduction of ULR legislation itself will bring forward a paradigm shift in Dutch land policy. Nevertheless, the ULR legislation may add to a redistribution of land development-related risks between the public and the private sector.
•ULR legislation proposed in the Netherlands as a new land policy tool.•Dutch ULR legislation and practices so far differ from international practices.•Case studies of ULR pilot projects provide first evidence of effectiveness.•Path dependency in planning culture leads so far to top-down ULR strategies.
One of the innovative alternatives to the traditional cooperative structure has been the new generation cooperatives or cooperative companies, known as producer companies (PCs) in India since the ...early 2000s. This paper examines the impact of PCs on the member farmer livelihoods, which is not well studied, with the help of member and non‐member farmer interview survey in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is found that though the PCs were inclusive of small farmers in their membership, the PC interface with members for farm inputs was not very strong and the output linkage was poor, reaching only a small proportion of member farmers. The Sufal Bangla public supermarket franchise by some PCs was found to make a large difference to the PC performance and its impact on member farmers. The small size of membership in most case study PCs hindered the equity size, leading to working capital and market interface constraints. Therefore, it is important to encourage members to contribute more equity and to reward their output linkage.
•Economic incentives as drivers of smallholder market linkage and commercialization.•Institutional innovations necessary to create economic incentives to farmers.•Marketing cooperatives are important ...institutional innovations in agriculture.•Marketing cooperatives create economic incentives by reducing transaction costs.•They create additional incentives by securing competitive producer prices.
Institutional marketing plays key role in improving the economic incentives of smallholders to enhance their market participation and commercialization. Such incentives derived from marketing cooperatives include indirect benefits such as reduction in transaction costs arising from participation in imperfect factor and product markets. However, whether marketing through cooperatives also creates direct economic benefits as additional incentives by securing competitive producer prices is not empirically established in the relevant development literature to augment related policy debates and to rationalize investments on such institutions. Using a farm economic model on producer price data taken from Ethiopian smallholders who produce sesame as a traditional cash crop, this paper empirically tested the power and influence of the cooperative institution on the level of producer prices received by farmers. The results show the instrumental role of marketing cooperatives in terms of securing competitive producer prices to farmers. The evidence provides empirical support to justify the desirability of revitalizing institutional marketing schemes as appropriate mechanisms to improve the economic incentives of smallholders for better market participation and commercialization towards poverty reduction.
This paper attempts to stocktake the major institutional innovations in land development and planning markets in the 20th century, and looks ahead to how these ideas may affect the evolution of ...institutions in the 21st century. Major ideas discussed include, i) public-private-partnerships; ii) zoning and participatory planning; iii) land readjustment and developers' obligations; iv) transfer of development rights; v) Coasean bargaining; and vi) informal institutions. We suggest that the foci of institutional innovations in the present century will shift from 20th century preoccupations as a result of rapid technological development and increasing environmental concerns. The keys for success in the institutional innovations to emerge will hinge on their abilities to reduce transaction costs for market exchange through new technologies, and align property right structures to achieve common goals of preserving the globe without compromising present economic needs too much.
To enhance milk quantity and quality which have continued to decrease in Kenya, various stakeholders have intervened through promotion of technical dairy innovations at the farm level including ...improved cow feeding, health management, promotion of exotic breeds, and milking hygiene. At the milkshed level, stakeholders’ focus has been on organizational innovations, specifically milk sale by farmers through groups. This study sought to characterize dairy innovations that have been adopted by farmers in the milkshed of three milk processors including New Kenya Co-operative Creameries Sotik (NKCC Sotik), Happy Cow Limited (HCL), and Mukurweini Wakulima Dairy Limited (MWDL), representing one state, private, and farmer-owned processor, respectively. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from a sample of 1146 farmers (410, 382, and 354 in MWDL, HCL, and NKCC Sotik, respectively). A categorical principal components analysis was used to reduce 32 variables into four sets of uncorrelated components. Four categories were identified including principal component (PC) 1 (technical capacity), PC 2 (animal health management), PC 3 (organizational capacity), and PC 4 (milk hygiene). More farmers in the milkshed of MWDL adopted technical and organizational dairy innovations such as use of artificial insemination and milk sale through groups, respectively, than farmers in milkshed of NKCC and HCL. The county governments in the milkshed of HCL and NKCC Sotik need to strengthen cooperative societies to boost adoption of artificial insemination through arrangement in which milk is sold and payment of services offered on credit is settled from milk sale and ensure milk market availability throughout the year.
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