Astrolabes in Medieval Cultures brings together fifteen studies on the astrolabe in the Middle Ages. By considering sources and instruments from Muslim, Christian, and Jewish contexts, this volume ...provides state-of-the-art research on the history and use of the astrolabe.
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The overview describes the main directions and results of the III International Conference “ICMSIT-III-2022” held in St. Petersburg on 3-5 March 2022. It gives the details about the ...participants and the proceedings. The anchor partner of Krasnoyarsk Science and Technology City Hall was St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation. A description of the main trends in modern innovative technologies, engineering and industrial physics as well as in the development of the third International Forum “Metrological Support of Innovative Technologies” by the St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation is given in the overview.
Digital sound synthesis has long been approached using standard digital filtering techniques. Newer synthesis strategies, however, make use of physical descriptions of musical instruments, and allow ...for much more realistic and complex sound production and thereby synthesis becomes a problem of simulation. This book has a special focus on time domain finite difference methods presented within an audio framework. It covers time series and difference operators, and basic tools for the construction and analysis of finite difference schemes, including frequency-domain and energy-based methods, with special attention paid to problems inherent to sound synthesis. Various basic lumped systems and excitation mechanisms are covered, followed by a look at the 1D wave equation, linear bar and string vibration, acoustic tube modelling, and linear membrane and plate vibration. Various advanced topics, such as the nonlinear vibration of strings and plates, are given an elaborate treatment. Key features: Includes a historical overview of digital sound synthesis techniques, highlighting the links between the various physical modelling methodologies. A pedagogical presentation containing over 150 problems and programming exercises, and numerous figures and diagrams, and code fragments in the MATLAB® programming language helps the reader with limited experience of numerical methods reach an understanding of this subject. Offers a complete treatment of all of the major families of musical instruments, including certain audio effects. Numerical Sound Synthesis is suitable for audio and software engineers, and researchers in digital audio, sound synthesis and more general musical acoustics. Graduate students in electrical engineering, mechanical engineering or computer science, working on the more technical side of digital audio and sound synthesis, will also find this book of interest.
This book provides the bridge between engineering design and medical device development. There is no single text that addresses the plethora of design issues a medical devices designer meets when ...developing new products or improving older ones. It addresses medical devices' regulatory (FDA and EU) requirements--some of the most stringent engineering requirements globally. Engineers failing to meet these requirements can cause serious harm to users as well as their products' commercial prospects. This Handbook shows the essential methodologies medical designers must understand to ensure their products meet requirements. It brings together proven design protocols and puts them in an explicit medical context based on the author's years of academia (R&D phase) and industrial (commercialization phase) experience. This design methodology enables engineers and medical device manufacturers to bring new products to the marketplace rapidly.
The medical device market is a multi-billion dollar industry. Every engineered product for this sector, from scalpelsstents to complex medical equipment, must be designed and developed to approved procedures and standards. This book shows how.
Covers US, and EU and ISO standards, enabling a truly international approach, providing a guide to the international standards that practicing engineers require to understand.
Written by an experienced medical device engineers and entrepreneurs with products in the from the US and UK and with real world experience of developing and commercializing medical products.
Mary Cyr addresses the needs of researchers, performers, and informed listeners who wish to apply knowledge about historically informed performance to specific pieces. Special emphasis is placed upon ...the period 1680 to 1760, when the viol, violin, and violoncello grew to prominence as solo instruments in France. Part I deals with the historical background to the debate between the French and Italian styles and the features that defined French style. Part II summarizes the present state of research on bowed string instruments (violin, viola, cello, contrebasse, pardessus de viole, and viol) in France, including such topics as the size and distribution of parts in ensembles and the role of the contrebasse. Part III addresses issues and conventions of interpretation such as articulation, tempo and character, inequality, ornamentation, the basse continue, pitch, temperament, and &dquotespecial effects&dquote such as tremolo and harmonics. Part IV introduces four composer profiles that examine performance issues in the music of Élisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre, Marin Marais, Jean-Baptiste Barrière, and the Forquerays (father and son). The diversity of compositional styles among this group of composers, and the virtuosity they incorporated in their music, generate a broad field for discussing issues of performance practice and offer opportunities to explore controversial themes within the context of specific pieces.
Covers the practical numerical method for the analysis and design of magnetsExtensively covers the magnet design and computation aspects from theories to practical applications, emphasizing design ...methods of practical structures such as superconducting, electromagnetic and permanent magnet for use in various scientific instruments, industrial processing, biomedicine and special electrical equipments. The computations cover a wide range of numerical techniques and analytical derivation to efficiently provide solutions to complicated problems that are often encountered in practice, where simple analytical calculations are no longer adequate.Chapters include: Introduction of Magnet Technology, Magnetostatic Equation for the Magnet Structure, Finite Element Analysis for Magnetostatic Field, Integral Method for Magnetostatic Field, Numerical Method of Solenoid Coils Design, Series Analysis of Axially Symmetric Magnetic Field, Magnets with High Magnetic Field and High Homogeneity, Permanent Magnet and its Applications, Shimming Magnetic Field with Optimal Magnet Structure, Electro-Mechanical Effect of Magnet, Calculation Formula of Magnetic Field Vector/Recurrence Formula of Legendre Function/Magnetization Equation in Cylindrical Coordinate System.Presents a clear introduction to magnet technology, followed by basic theories, numerical analysis and practical applicationsEmphasizes the latest developments in magnet design, including MRI systems, and provides comprehensive numerical techniques that provide solutions to practical problemsCovers the most recent developments on magnet design and application as well as emphasizing latest computation techniques for optimising and characterising the magnetostatic structure designEssential reading for Researchers in Magnets and Applications, Materials Scientists, Structural Engineers, Graduate students in Electrical Engineering.
This collection of essays discusses the marketing of scientific and medical instruments from the eighteenth century to the First World War. It features case-studies from the United Kingdom, the ...Americas and Europe.
The proper functioning of the EU financial market is protected by public actors, both national and supranational, who are responsible for rulemaking and for supervision of investment firms and other ...private actors. At the same time, the effectiveness of the EU legal system requires vigilance from private actors such as investment firms and their clients, who may invoke their rights before national authorities and courts. This means that investment firms have a dual role within the system, as subjects of control and enforcement, as well as agents in the maintenance of the rule of law. This book brings together a group of scholars with expertise in different legal disciplines, but a shared interest in the EU internal market and its development. It is intended to integrate a modern study of the form and function of EU rulemaking in the internal market after the financial crisis with an evaluation of core aspects of rulemaking in the financial market and, in this way, to provide a cross-cutting treatment of EU law. The book focuses on the regulatory framework in MiFID II and MiFIR, and the following thematic questions: what are the legal mechanisms for accountability, and what is the role of investment firms in the operation of those mechanisms?; what are the implications of the answers to the previous question for EU law and the EU legal system?; how do the findings contribute to the understanding of the concept of accountability?
This book covers the materials science of wood and all the other materials used in the construction of string instruments of modern symphony orchestras - violins, violas, cellos and basses. Moreover ...it covers materials for classical guitars, harps, harpsichords and pianos. While some of the approaches discussed are traditional, most of them depend upon new scientific approaches to the study of the structure of materials, such as for example wood cell structure, which is visible only using modern high resolution microscopic techniques. Many examples of modern and classical instruments are examined, together with the relevance of classical techniques for the treatment of wood. Composite materials, especially designed for soundboards could be a good substitute for some traditional wood species. The body and soundboard of the instrument are of major importance for their acoustical properties, but the study also examines traditional and new wood species used for items such as bows, the instrument neck, string pegs, etc. Wood species' properties for musical instruments and growth origins of woods, used by great makers such as Antonio Stradivari, are examined and compared with more recently grown woods available to current makers. The role of varnish in the appearance and acoustics of the final instrument is also discussed, since it has often been proposed as a 'secret ingredient' used by great makers. Aspects related to strings are also discussed.The book provides many illustrations of classical and contemporary instruments, and takes into consideration the conservation and restoration of old instruments and the physical results of these techniques. The author examines all aspects, including the current value of old instruments both for modern performances and as works of art of great monetary value.The book is an important reference for researchers and graduate students working on materials for musical instruments, conservators of wood artifacts of historical value, modern string instrument makers and historians of musical instruments. Musicians may also find some interesting revelations in some parts of this book. Finally this book will also be of interest to those studying wood for a variety of other purposes, for its use in musical instruments uncovers many of its fundamental features.
