Grabado en metal: La alquimia del reciclaje Murillo Herrera, Alberto; Hernández Chavarría, Francisco; Liby, Eduardo ...
El artista : revista de investigaciones en música y artes plásticas,
2011
8
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
The chemical reactions involved in the etching process of iron and aluminum plates treated with saline sulfate mordant are described. In both cases, the cupric ions of the mordant are reduced to ...atomic copper, that precipitates as a reddish sediment, while the metal of the plate is ionized and dissolved, so etching the plate. Therefore, the metal ions extracted from the plates of iron or aluminum, reacting with the chloride in the solution, producing ferrous chloride (FeCl2) or aluminum chloride (AlCl3), respectively. The former is the chemical precursor of the mordant for etching copper plates, which only needs an additional oxidizing process to be transformed in ferric chloride (FeCl3). Meanwhile, the aluminum chloride is a precursor of alumina, a common component of the ceramic pastes.
Se describen las reacciones químicas involucradas en el grabado de placas de hierro y de aluminio tratadas con sulfato salino como mordente. En ambos casos, los iones cúpricos del mordente son reducidos a cobre metálico, que precipita como un sedimento rojizo, mientras que el metal es ionizado y disuelto, grabando la placa. Además, los iones metálicos extraídos de las placas de hierro o aluminio, reaccionan con los cloruros de la solución, produciendo cloruro ferroso (FeCl2) y cloruro de aluminio (AlCl3), respectivamente. El primero es el precursor químico del mordente para cobre, el cual solo necesita una oxidación adicional, para transformarse en cloruro férrico (FeCl3). Entre tanto, el cloruro de aluminio es el precursor de la alúmina, un componente común de las pastas cerámicas.
This paper reviews fundamental aspects in the graphic work of the Spanish artist Francisco de Goya y Lucientes. Considered a universal art genius, his legacy even nowadays stimulates a deep interest ...in creators working in a great variety of disciplines and geographies.This review focuses in the chronological development of the four most relevant engraving series: Los caprichos, Los desastres de la Guerra, La tauromaquia, and Los disparates. The main employed techniques of etching on metal are described, as well as the chaotic historic context that sorrounded the artist’s life. Both of these are projected in the particular esthetic and conceptual treatment characteristic of his art
El presente artículo aborda aspectos fundamentales de la obra gráfica del artista español Francisco de Goya y Lucientes. Genio indiscutible del arte universal, cuyo legado, aún en nuestros días, provoca un notorio interés en creadores de las más variadas disciplinas y geografías. Se puntualiza en el desarrollo cronológico de las cuatro grandes series de grabados: Los caprichos,Los desastres de la Guerra, La tauromaquia, y Los disparates. Con una orientación didáctica, se describen las principales técnicas de huecograbado utilizadas, así como el agitado contexto histórico en que vivió el artista, que se proyecta, de manera reveladora, en su particular tratamiento estético y conceptual
In the mid-nineteenth century, technicians at the Austrian Royal and Imperial Court Printing Office devised the first method for mechanically reproducing nature prints: that is, prints from intaglio ...plates made from the impression of botanical specimens. Despite the complexity and apparent limitations of the process, Alois Auer, director of the printing office, claimed that the new process was more important than photography. This surprising claim forms the basis of the following investigation into mid-nineteenth-century photography, nature printing and the world of print-media. The race to devise a mechanical process for reproducing images led to a variety of ingenious inventions before the half-tone process fully solved the problem of rendering photographs in printers' ink near the end of the century. Only in the context of other nineteenth-century processes to reproduce images do we begin to discern the common properties of photography and nature printing.
The use of gravure offset printing methods at an industrial level requires a wide and deep knowledge of the printing properties of the inks. Novel hydrocarbon inks were developed with superior ...printing properties compared to alternative ethyl cellulose-based inks. There are principal behaviour properties of these inks that can be generally described. In particular, the resistance dependence of printed mass for single and multiprints and on the other hand, the effect of multiprinting on printed area smoothness and line height.
This article summarizes the results obtained and describes printing properties and defects: line widening, hair formation, ink flow from the gravure grooves, pinholes, image distortions, ribbing, scooping, streaking and gravure groove blocking. Three different printed samples were demonstrated, which are best suited for this manufacturing method: interdigital capacitor, inductor coil and laser soldering substrates.
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