'The genocide in Rwanda showed us how terrible the consequences of inaction can be in the face of mass murder. But the conflict in Kosovo raised equally important questions about the consequences of ...action without international consensus and clear legal authority. On the one hand, is it legitimate for a regional organization to use force without a UN mandate? On the other, is it permissible to let gross and systematic violations of human rights, with grave humanitarian consequences, continue unchecked?' (United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan). This book is a comprehensive, integrated discussion of 'the dilemma' of humanitarian intervention. Written by leading analysts of international politics, ethics, and law, it seeks, among other things, to identify strategies that may, if not resolve, at least reduce the current tension between human rights and state sovereignty. This volume is an invaluable contribution to the debate on all aspects of this vital global issue.
Michael Walzer is one of the world's most eminent philosophers on the subject of war and ethics. Now, for the first time since his classicJust and Unjust Warswas published almost three decades ago, ...this volume brings together his most provocative arguments about contemporary military conflicts and the ethical issues they raise.
The essays in the book are divided into three sections. The first deals with issues such as humanitarian intervention, emergency ethics, and terrorism. The second consists of Walzer's responses to particular wars, including the first Gulf War, Kosovo, Afghanistan, and Iraq. And the third presents an essay in which Walzer imagines a future in which war might play a less significant part in our lives. In his introduction, Walzer reveals how his thinking has changed over time.
Written during a period of intense debate over the proper use of armed force, this book gets to the heart of difficult problems and argues persuasively for a moral perspective on war.
The dilemma of how best to protect human rights is one of the most persistent problems facing the international community today. This unique and wide-ranging history of humanitarian intervention ...examines responses to oppression, persecution and mass atrocities from the emergence of the international state system and international law in the late sixteenth century, to the end of the twentieth century. Leading scholars show how opposition to tyranny and to religious persecution evolved from notions of the common interests of 'Christendom' to ultimately incorporate all people under the concept of 'human rights'. As well as examining specific episodes of intervention, the authors consider how these have been perceived and justified over time, and offer important new insights into ideas of national sovereignty, international relations and law, as well as political thought and the development of current theories of 'international community'.
This book considers who should undertake humanitarian intervention in response to an ongoing or impending humanitarian crisis, such as found in Rwanda in early 1994, Kosovo in 1999, and Darfur more ...recently. The doctrine of the responsibility to protect asserts that when a state is failing to uphold its citizens' human rights, the international community has a responsibility to protect these citizens, including by undertaking humanitarian intervention. It is unclear, however, which particular agent should be tasked with this responsibility. Should we prefer intervention by the UN, NATO, a regional or subregional organization (such as the African Union), a state, a group of states, or someone else? This book answers this question by, first, determining which qualities of interveners are morally significant and, second, assessing the relative importance of these qualities. For instance, is it important that an intervener have a humanitarian motive? Should an intervener be welcomed by those it is trying to save? How important is it that an intervener will be effective and what does this mean in practice? The book then considers the more empirical question of whether (and to what extent) the current interveners actually possess these qualities, and therefore should intervene. For instance, how effective can we expect UN action to be in the future? Is NATO likely to use humanitarian means? Overall, it develops a particular normative conception of legitimacy for humanitarian intervention. It uses this conception of legitimacy to assess not only current interveners, but also the desirability of potential reforms to the mechanisms and agents of humanitarian intervention.
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows:
To assess the feasibility and safety of discontinuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and ...anxiety disorders in adults aged over 18 years.
Empire of Humanityexplores humanitarianism's remarkable growth from its humble origins in the early nineteenth century to its current prominence in global life. In contrast to most contemporary ...accounts of humanitarianism that concentrate on the last two decades, Michael Barnett ties the past to the present, connecting the antislavery and missionary movements of the nineteenth century to today's peacebuilding missions, the Cold War interventions in places like Biafra and Cambodia to post-Cold War humanitarian operations in regions such as the Great Lakes of Africa and the Balkans; and the creation of the International Committee of the Red Cross in 1863 to the emergence of the major international humanitarian organizations of the twentieth century. Based on extensive archival work, close encounters with many of today's leading international agencies, and interviews with dozens of aid workers in the field and at headquarters,Empire of Humanityprovides a history that is both global and intimate.
Avoiding both romanticism and cynicism,Empire of Humanityexplores humanitarianism's enduring themes, trends, and, most strikingly, ethical ambiguities. Humanitarianism hopes to change the world, but the world has left its mark on humanitarianism. Humanitarianism has undergone three distinct global ages-imperial, postcolonial, and liberal-each of which has shaped what humanitarianism can do and what it is. The world has produced not one humanitarianism, but instead varieties of humanitarianism. Furthermore, Barnett observes that the world of humanitarianism is divided between an emergency camp that wants to save lives and nothing else and an alchemist camp that wants to remove the causes of suffering. These camps offer different visions of what are the purpose and principles of humanitarianism, and, accordingly respond differently to the same global challenges and humanitarianism emergencies. Humanitarianism has developed a metropolis of global institutions of care, amounting to a global governance of humanity. This humanitarian governance, Barnett observes, is an empire of humanity: it exercises power over the very individuals it hopes to emancipate.
Although many use humanitarianism as a symbol of moral progress, Barnett provocatively argues that humanitarianism has undergone its most impressive gains after moments of radical inhumanity, when the "international community" believes that it must atone for its sins and reduce the breach between what we do and who we think we are. Humanitarianism is not only about the needs of its beneficiaries; it also is about the needs of the compassionate.
Telerehabilitation for neck pain Fandim, Junior V; Costa, Leonardo OP; Yamato, Tiê P ...
Cochrane database of systematic reviews,
03/2021, Letnik:
2021, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows:
To evaluate the effectiveness of telerehabilitation to improve pain and function compared to no treatment, ...waiting list, usual care, or any other active intervention in people with acute, subacute and chronic neck pain.
This paper describes a strategic intervention that utilizes family developmental theory and the principles of reframing. Theoretical underpinnings of the intervention are discussed. Pragmatic ...applications of the intervention, including planful design and implementation, as well as the versatility, are shown in three diverse case examples.
Aunque buena parte de las personas exdeportistas de élite mantienen niveles de actividad física saludable después de la retirada, aquellas que no lo hacen exponen su salud a un riesgo mayor que la ...población general según han mostrado estudios anteriores. El propósito de este trabajo fue diseñar e implementar una intervención en Terapia Racional Emotiva Conductual de tres sesiones de 45 minutos basadas en la fimcionalización de creencias, para que ocho exdeportistas de élite sedentarios recuperaran la práctica de actividad física saludable. Siguiendo un diseño de caso único ideográfico con línea base múltiple escalonada entre participantes, se recopiló información sobre sus motivaciones y creencias disfuncionales antes y después de la intervención mediante entrevistas semi-estructuradas y un cuestionario en línea. La intervención fue eficaz para que siete de las ocho participantes recuperaran la práctica de actividad física saludable. Además, la validación social permitió a las exdeportistas expresar su opinión acerca de la experiencia de intervención, la cual fue valorada positivamente por ayudarles a: (a) identificar las consecuencias cognitivas, emocionales y conductuales, (b) establecer objetivos realistas, (c) reinterpretar el concepto de actividad física, (d) desarrollar un diálogo intemo más funcional, y (e) transferir los conocimientos adquiridos a otras situaciones cotidianas. Para fomentar un cambio y una adherencia a hábitos saludables resulta clave que, además de los aspectos motivacionales, las profesionales incidamos en los aspectos cognitivos, y estas intervenciones son potencialmente efectivas para lograrlo.
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