Este artigo problematiza duas dimensões do Plano Nacional de Educação. A primeira abrange a instituição e funcionamento das instâncias de negociação e coordenação federativa, a regulamentação do ...Sistema Nacional de Educação (SNE) e a atuação do Ministério da Educação (MEC) no monitoramento, avaliação e articulação do desenvolvimento do plano. A segunda refere-se à Meta 20: ampliação do investimento público em educação para 10% do PIB ao final do decênio. Buscou-se saber na pesquisa, que tomou por base avaliações realizadas pelo Tribunal de Contas da União, o Inep, o Ipea, e a Câmara dos Deputados, se essas dimensões estão sendo adequadamente desenvolvidas. Os resultados indicam que a Meta 20 é inexequível, que a atuação das instâncias de coordenação intergovernamental ainda são incipientes e que o MEC, ator central de planejamento, articulação e indução de políticas educacionais, padece de relevantes deficiências de planejamento e gestão. Como consequência da fragilidade dessas dimensões, as possibilidades de implementação bem sucedida do PNE são reduzidas. O artigo realça, também, que, sob a ótica do federalismo fiscal, das relações intergovernamentais e da governança de políticas públicas no âmbito da educação, a Constituição Federal atribuiu a um plano nacional de longo prazo, funções extremamente difíceis de acomodação num único instrumento legislativo, resultando em inevitáveis omissões e problemas que contribuem para a baixa expectativa de boa implementação, o que, contudo, não significa que avanços nas políticas educacionais não tenham ocorrido ou não estejam em curso, independentemente das deficiências dessa estratégia de planejamento federativo.
Palavras-chave: Federalismo. Plano Nacional de Educação. Meta 20. Sistema Nacional de Educação.
Purpose: Research and development of human capital in countries bring sustainable development to the nations. Especially for developing countries, the attraction of foreign direct investment not only ...brings economic growth to the country but also contributes to improving human capital. This study aims to assess the impact of foreign direct investment on human capital in ASEAN countries.
Research design, data and methodology: With data collected from ASEAN countries from 1990 to 2019, panel data analysis is performed with revised model types (the Pooled OLS, Fixed effect model, Random effect model and regression with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors). Result: The results of the regression analysis show that FDI has a positive impact on human capital. At the same time, the study also found that public investment in education also positively affects human capital; the life expectancy factor does not affect human capital. Conclusions: With this research result, the authors also proposed a number of solutions to improve human capital by attracting FDI and improving the efficiency of investment for the education of ASEAN countries. Besides, public expenditure on education also plays an important role in raising human capital. Therefore, investment in education should be promoted further in the future. KCI Citation Count: 1
Innovation activity in higher education serves as a catalyst for economic growth at the regional level. Modern economic realities require active introduction of scientific and technological ...achievements in the educational process, which inevitably affects regional economic development. The increasing contribution of higher education institutions to regional economy is due to a number of factors such as education quality improvement, research activities development, and scientific developments commercialization. The Education Development State Program data, examples of the world’s leading universities and reports on the research activities of Russian universities for 2015–2022 have been analyzed, and a multi-parametric assessment of innovative projects effectiveness in higher education carried out. The study included a comparative analysis of investments in scientific research and their impact on the regional gross domestic product, as well as the analysis of scientific developments commercialization cases. Between 2015 and 2022 the amount of funding for scientific research in leading Russian universities increased by 37 %, which was accompanied by an increase in the number of patents by 24 % and commercially successful projects by 18 %. The examples of St. Petersburg and Novosibirsk universities show an increase in direct investment in the regions by 15 and 20 %, respectively, due to scientific developments commercialization. The study also shows that the average growth of regional gross domestic product in regions with active innovation activity in universities amounted to 5.6 % per year.
While a large body of evidence suggests that gender inequality in access to primary education has reduced significantly in India, there has been relatively little research on gender gap in learning ...outcomes, particularly math scores. Using a nationally representative household dataset, this study examines the role of parental resources in explaining gender gap in math scores for primary school-going children in India. We find that male children have significantly higher math scores than their female counterparts. However, this difference decreases with the increase in parental education and household assets. We also find that family investment in education explains a large part of gender gap in math. Overall, our findings provide a new understanding of gender gap in math scores in India. It has important policy implications for minimising gender gap in academic achievement to make school education more gender-inclusive.
COVID-19 has proven the excellence of Korea's medical devices, and the medical device industry is expected to continue to grow due to the increase in chronic disease and non-face-to-face treatment. ...However, the current medical device industry is monopolized by global companies with capital and technological prowess. To overcome this, Korean medical device companies are developing innovative medical devices centered on start-ups, but now is the time to strategically respond to them in order to compete with global companies. In general, companies establish management strategies for survival and growth by analyzing threats and opportunities based on the market environment to maintain the optimal organization according to market competition, government policies, and changes in consumer needs. Strategies are often established based on the culture of the organizations that make up the company. When it comes to strategy establishment, the medical device industry has special characteristics compared to other industries. The medical device industry is based on advanced technology and puts patient safety first, requiring continuous product upgrades. Therefore, it is an essential industry for employees to invest in education and training. The analysis shows the effectiveness of investment in education and training according to the management strategy and organizational culture of medical device companies. It was confirmed that when medical device companies create an Innovation culture, their performance improves. It also shows that when medical device companies adopt a cost leadership strategy, they need to increase their investment in education and training to improve corporate performance.
Strategies focus on securing the competitiveness of medical device corporations by strengthening their organizational capabilities, which, in turn, ensure their continuous development. This study aims to investigate both management strategies and organizational culture, which may affect the performance of these companies, and analyzes the influence of education and training investment.
We used data from the 3rd to 6th Human Capital Corporate Panel surveys by the Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education and Training as well as data from the Korea Information Service and 6,112 workers and 260 companies were analyzed. For the analysis, management strategy and organizational culture were set as independent variables, and corporation performance was set as the dependent variable. Additionally, investment in education and training was set as a control variable between the independent and dependent variables. Corporate performance was analyzed by dividing into organizational satisfaction and organizational commitment.
Differentiation strategy and innovative culture had a positive (+) effect on organizational satisfaction, while cost leadership strategy and hierarchical culture had a negative (−) effect. On the other hand, in the case of interaction with education and training investment, cost leadership strategy and hierarchical culture had a positive (+) effect, while differentiation strategy and innovation culture had a negative (−) effect. In organizational commitment, innovation culture had a positive (+) effect, and hierarchical culture had a negative (−) effect. In the case of interaction with investment in education and training, only the hierarchical culture had a positive (+) effect.
The innovation culture positively influenced the performance of medical device companies. Furthermore, cost leadership strategy, hierarchical culture, education and training investment improved the corporate performance of these companies. To enhance corporate performance, these companies should create an innovation culture and invest in education and training in accordance with the organizational culture.
One of the main concerns regarding innovation lies in knowing and understanding how this phenomenon occurs. Many countries are basing their aspirations for progress on innovation, placing it at the ...heart of their growth strategies. In response to this need, this study proposes to analyse the combined effects of five conditions that can lead to a country's innovation. Using a sample of 51 countries and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), this study aims to find out whether a country's long-term orientation, its public expenditure on education, its democracy level, the inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI), and its entrepreneurial activity can lead independently or in combination to the presence of innovation. The results show that the democracy level and the long-term orientation of a country are key conditions to lead to a country's innovation. Conversely, the inflows of FDI and the public expenditure on education seem to play a secondary role to lead to a country's innovation. Besides, the entrepreneurial activity of a country and its innovative activity seem to behave in the opposite direction. The results are intended to help governments, businesses, and investors make decisions capable of generating greater value at all levels.
This study aims to analyse the impacts of culture on the aid allocation to (dis)investment in the education in terms of boys and girls school dropout probability (SDP) across different kinship ...systems in Guinea-Bissau. Using a multi-person choice model of culturally rooted decisions, we found that allocating aid to couples facing income shock decreases schoolboys (schoolgirls)' SDP in patrilineal (matrilineal) kinship setting the most, suggesting that aid effects at household level depend on cultural norms existing in each society.
The article examines the trends in the development of the educational system in recent years in Ukraine and the world in the context of neuropedagogy. Particular attention is paid to the factors that ...have influenced the strengthening of the role of education in the world, in particular, the strengthening of the state's interest in financing education. The article updates the inextricable connection between the country's economy and the level and quality of education. The author points out the advantages of education support systems in some advanced countries of the world, which can be used as a model experience for domestic educational reform, in particular due to the use of neuropedagogy. The most important trends in the development of education in the world educational space are analyzed. The author notes that the quarter-century experience of the 21st century civilization determines a number of trends according to which it should develop in the future. Among them, for example, the transition of most nations and cultures to market relations is leading in the economy; in politics - to democracy; in social communication - to tolerance; in the general organization of life activities - to an open society and models of sustainable human development, etc. Because education (and science), which prepares a person for independent life, shapes his view on the future development of civilization.
Over the last few years, China has maintained rapid economic growth globally. China has initiated various investments and improved higher education to tackle climate change issues and ensure a green ...environment. This study examines the influence of economic growth, higher education graduates, household consumption expenditures, industrial pollution prevention investment, and energy industry investment. Covering the period from 2000 to 2017, this study investigated a panel of 30 Chinese provinces. The data under study follows an irregular pattern, and all the variables are cointegrated; therefore, this study employed the novel method of moment quantile regression. Empirical findings suggest that economic growth and investment in the energy industry are the significant contributors to carbon emission in all the quantiles Q
0.25
, Q
0.50,
and Q
0.75
. However, higher education graduates, household consumption expenditures, and investment in industrial pollution prevention negatively and significantly affect carbon emissions and promote environmental sustainability. The Granger causality test reveals a bidirectional causal association between carbon emissions and the explanatory variables. Based on the empirical findings, this study suggests investment in environmental recovery plans, adopting renewable energy sources, improving the level of higher education by more investments for higher education graduates, environmental education, and increased investment in pollution prevention industries.
The Trivers-Willard hypothesis (TWH) states that individuals in good condition favor offspring of the sex that has a higher variance in reproductive value. Empirical studies with historical human ...populations suggest that the TWH might explain biased birth-ratios as well as biased parental investment in male or female offspring. However, empirical tests of the TWH in modern human populations are less conclusive.
In this study, we investigate whether parental investment in education might be skewed according to the TWH in an African sample (
N
= 314) that includes students from 8 different countries. The data show that male students who rate their family’s wealth high tend to report more parental involvement in their own education, whereas the opposite is true for female students. This pattern is in accordance with the TWH for parental investment. The results support the validity of evolutionary explanations of behavioral bias in the context of parental investment in offspring education.
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