Na svjetskim salonima inovacija, izumi zajedničkog naziva INFRAREDESIGN® nagrađeni su u posljednjih desetak godina sa preko 80 nagrada. Međunarodni stručni žiri, u svakoj od pojedinih zemalja, ...pokazao je iznimno zanimanje za nova rješenja koja spajaju znanost i umjetnost, a koja uključuju temu sigurnosne grafike. U velikim svjetskim gradovima kao što su Ženeva, Moskva, London, Taipei, Seul i Pittsburgh, izumi su na većini izložbi osvojili zlatna odličja i posebna priznanja.
Like many crustal-scale fault zones, the Median Tectonic Line (MTL) fault zone in Japan preserves fault rocks that formed across a broad range of physical conditions. We examined the architecture of ...the MTL at a large new outcrop in order to understand fault behaviours under different crustal levels. The MTL here strikes almost E–W, dips to the north, and juxtaposes the Sanbagawa metamorphic rocks to the south against the Izumi Group sediments to the north. The fault core consists mainly of Sanbagawa-derived fault gouges. The fault zone can be divided into several structural units, including two slip zones (upper and lower slip zones), where the lower slip zone is more conspicuous. Crosscutting relationships among structures and kinematics indicate that the fault zone records four stages of deformation. Microstructures and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses indicate that the four stages of deformation occurred under different temperature conditions. The oldest deformation (stage 1) was widely distributed, and had a top-to-the-east (dextral) sense of slip at deep levels of the seismogenic zone. Deformation with the same sense of slip, then became localised in the lower slip zone (stage 2). Subsequently, the slip direction in the lower slip zone changed to top-to-the-west (sinistral-normal) (stage 3). The final stage of deformation (stage 4) involved top-to-the-north normal faulting along the two slip zones within the shallow crust (near the surface). The widely distributed stage 1 damage zone characterises the deeper part of the seismogenic zone, while the sets of localised principal slip zones and branching faults of stage 4 characterise shallow depths. The fault zone architecture described in this paper leads us to suggest that fault zones display different behaviours at different crustal levels.
•Detail of the Median Tectonic Line fault zone architecture at a large outcrop•Four stages of deformation were recorded with different kinematics/temperatures.•Each stage of deformation is characterised by different fault zone architectures.•Different behaviours of the fault zone at different crustal levels are suggested.
Kyōka Izumi (1873-1939) has been renowned as representative of Japanese fantastic literature since the 1970s, although he was not highly estimated during his lifetime. He is generally regarded as an ...emotional writer representing old Japan. The writer, however, had a keen analytical eye on literary discourses, examining structural and technical characteristics of Western fantastic fiction and Japanese horror-story telling. His taste of twilight or in-betweenness urged him to categorize various matters into binary groups, including Western supernatural literature. This article exhibits how this writer’s analyses on narrative discourses, Western influence on his works, and his liking for in-betweenness, strikingly and coincidently, allowed him to write stories having clear similarities with the features of fantastic literature theorized by Tzvetan Todorov in The Fantastic. Investigating his works’ characteristics sharing the common ground with Western fantastic literature, it intends to reconsider why Kyōka can be regarded as one of greatest fantasists of Japanese literature.
The prevalence of antibiotic resistance in 376 Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates from fecal samples of Hooded and White-naped cranes was investigated on the Izumi plain in Kagoshima prefecture, ...Japan, during winter 2016 and 2017. Resistance to oxytetracycline, ampicillin, and nalidixic acid were observed in 10.9%, 3.1–4.4%, and 2.1–7.7% of isolates, respectively. Since the previous surveillance in 2007, isolation rates of antibiotic-resistant E. coli recovered from wild cranes have remained at significantly low levels compared with those in Japanese livestock. Our results indicate that surveillance of antibiotic-resistant E. coli from wild cranes wintering in the Izumi plain could be a useful strategy to indicate natural environmental pollution by antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment.
•Detailed single grain U–Pb dating study on zircons from the Sanbagawa Metamorphic Belt.•Based on a 2000m continuous drill core from north-western Shikoku.•Most samples contain zircons younger than ...100Ma suggesting correlation with the Shimanto Metamorphic Rocks.•Literature review provides no conclusive evidence for protoliths older than 100Ma.•Conclusion abandon subdivision of the Sanbagawa Belt into older and younger units.
The Sanbagawa Metamorphic Belt in Japan is one of the best studied high-pressure, low temperature metamorphic belts. Recent work applying new dating techniques has challenged the previously accepted temporal framework for the evolution of the belt, as it was shown that large parts of the belt contain detrital zircons of Late Cretaceous age (younger than 100Ma), i.e. they have protolith ages younger than the previously accepted age of metamorphism at ca. 110Ma. A 2000m bore hole from north-western Shikoku provided an excellent opportunity to further evaluate the areal extent of Late Cretaceous protoliths as the drill hole was drilled in an area considered to be part of the Jurassic to Early Cretaceous part of the Sanbagawa Belt. Dating of single zircon grains using the LA–ICP–MS U–Pb dating method shows that all but one sample contain zircons younger than 100Ma and thus the protoliths are younger than the previously accepted age of metamorphism of the Sanbagawa Belt. The single sample that contains only zircons dated at 136±3Ma, apparently is of volcanic origin and could be a clast representing the source of 130–140Ma zircons of the sample taken about 120 above this sample. In addition, three surface samples were analysed. Two of these also contain zircons younger than 100Ma, whereas the third sample contains only zircons older than 159Ma. The zircons from this sample also exhibit an age spectrum different from that exhibited by the other samples. The exact significance of this sample is not clear as yet.
This study demonstrates how the radon-222 (
222
Rn) concentration of soil gas at an active fault is sensitive to cumulative recent seismicity by examining seven active faults in western Japan. The
...222
Rn concentration was found to correlate well with the total earthquake energy within a 100-km radius of each fault. This phenomenon can probably be ascribed to the increase of pore pressure around the source depth of
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Rn in shallow soil caused by frequently induced strain. This increase in pore pressure can enhance the ascent velocity of
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Rn carrier gas as governed by Darcy's law. Anomalous
222
Rn concentrations are likely to originate from high gas velocities, rather than increased accumulations of parent nuclides. The high velocities also can yield unusual young gas under the radioactive nonequilibrium condition of short elapsed time since
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Rn generation. The results suggest that ongoing seismicity in the vicinity of an active fault can cause accumulation of strain in shallow fault soils. Therefore, the
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Rn concentration is a possible gauge for the degree of strain accumulation.
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a process through which groundwater and solutes are transferred from coastal aquifers into the oceans. Generally, the SGD is composed of two basic components: ...(1) fresh groundwater, FSGD; and (2) recirculated seawater, RSGD. Radon, a naturally occurring geochemical tracer, is a useful tool to evaluate the SGD in coastal areas. This study aims to evaluate the impact of wind waves on each components of submarine groundwater discharge. We monitored temporal fluctuations of seawater
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Rn concentration at Shiranui and Minamata bays, where elevated seawater
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Rn concentration spatial distribution observed during our previous studies. The measurements were conducted in coastal seawater where the connected coastal aquifer water table is very shallow. Additionally, a seawater model was applied to evaluate the seawater
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Rn concentration that originates from rivers in the study area. The
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Rn inventory in the study area implies that the groundwater advection is one of the major sources of
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Rn in the seawater. The obtained dataset suggests that the seawater
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Rn concentration increases, but the salinity decreases during windy periods. This means that more fresh groundwater contributes to dilute the recirculated seawater (RSGD) during windy conditions. Therefore, when the sea is windy and seawater waves propagate onshore, the fresh groundwater flux may increase where shallow coastal aquifers exist.
Linear structures perpendicular to an outcrop surface are easily discovered, but those parallel to the surface are not, giving rise to a biased orientation distribution of the structures. Here, we ...propose a bias correction method: Statistical inversion was conducted to unbias the distribution of the axes of mesoscale slump folds in the Cretaceous Izumi Group, Japan using the orientation distribution of outcrop surfaces. The observed axes showed a cluster in the SE quadrant. Their unbiased distribution had a girdle pattern with a maximum concentration orientation in the same quadrant, but the unbiased one had a lower peak density than the observed one, and was more girdle-like than the observed one. The maximum concentration axis of the unbiased distribution was roughly perpendicular to the paleocurrents observed in the same area. Therefore, the popular view that the axes of slump folds are perpendicular to paleoslope applies to the folds in the area in a statistical sense. The hypothesis about the vergences of slump folds and paleoslope hold only about a half of the observed slump folds.
► Linear structures perpendicular to an outcrop surface are easily discovered. ► But, those subparallel to the surface are not. ► Observation of the orientation distribution of the structures is affected by this bias. ► A statistical inverse method is proposed to unbias the orientation distribution.
Izumi Kyoka (1872-1939) wrote some 300 stories, plays, and essays. In the first book-length study in English of Kyoka, Charles Shiro Inouye argues that his writings were a refinement of a vision that ...came into focus around 1900. This narrative archetype formed the aesthetic and ethical bases of his work. Kyoka does not fit the conventional story of Japanese literary modernization. Unlike most of his contemporaries, he did not jettison the Japanese literary tradition in favor of modernist imports from the West. The highly visual mode of figuration that was Kyoka's compromise with the demands of literary modernism allows us to see the continuation of Edo culture in the Japanese modern and expand our understanding of literary reform in the early twentieth century.
The Izumi Group in southwestern Japan is considered to represent deposits in a forearc basin along an active volcanic arc during the late Late Cretaceous. The group consists mainly of felsic volcanic ...and plutonic detritus, and overlies a Lower to Upper Cretaceous plutono‐metamorphic complex (the Ryoke complex). In order to reconstruct the depositional environments and constrain the age of deposition, sedimentary facies and U–Pb dating of zircon grains in tuff were studied for a drilled core obtained from the basal part of the Izumi Group. On the basis of the lithofacies associations, the core was subdivided into six units from base to top, as follows: mudstone‐dominated unit nonconformably deposited on the Ryoke granodiorite; tuffaceous mudstone‐dominated unit; tuff unit; tuffaceous sandstone–mudstone unit; sandstone–mudstone unit; and sandstone‐dominated unit. This succession suggests that the depositional system changed from non‐volcanic muddy slope or basin floor, to volcaniclastic sandy submarine fan. Based on a review of published radiometric age data of the surrounding region of the Ryoke complex and the Sanyo Belt which was an active volcanic front during deposition of the Izumi Group, the U–Pb age (82.7 ±0.5 Ma) of zircon grains in the tuff unit corresponds to those of felsic volcanic and pyroclastic rocks in the Sanyo Belt.
後期白亜紀における活動的島弧の前縁に堆積した和泉層群は, 珪長質な火山岩や深成岩の砕屑物を主体とし, 前期〜後期白亜紀の深成変成コンプレックス(領家コンプレックス)を不整合に覆う. この和泉層群の堆積環境の復元と堆積年代の制約を目的として, 和泉層群基底部を貫くボーリングコア試料の堆積相解析と挟在する凝灰岩に含まれるジルコン粒子のU−Pb年代を測定した. コア観察による岩相組合 せに基づき, コア試料は下位より, 1) 花崗閃緑岩との不整合直上の泥岩優勢相, 2) 凝灰質泥岩相, 3) 凝灰岩相, 4) 凝灰質砂岩泥岩相, 5) 砂岩泥岩相, 6) 砂岩優勢相の6つのユニットからなる. このことは, 非火山砕屑性泥質堆積物を主体とする前弧斜面が火山砕屑性砂質堆積物を主体とする海底扇状地へと遷 移したことを示している. 周辺地域に分布する火成岩類の既存放射年代と比較すると, U−Pb年代の測定値(82.7 ±0.5 Ma)は当時の活動的な火山フロントであった山陽帯の珪長質火山岩や火山砕屑岩の放射年代と一致する.
A schematic model of suggested depositional environment at the coring site. The basement rock was nonconformably covered by mass‐transport deposits on an inner forearc slope or basin floor. Increase of sediment supply from penecontemporaneous volcanic activity in the arc led to progradation of the submarine fan in the forearc basin.
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