Die Fluoreszenz von Festkörpern und Flüssigkeiten ist ein weitläufig bekanntes Phänomen, das unter anderem auch im Alltag beobachtet werden kann. In diesem Versuch wird gezeigt, dass auch Stoffe in ...der Gasphase zu einer Fluoreszenz angeregt werden können - am Beispiel von gasförmigen Iod. Diese, durch grünes Laserlicht induzierte faszinierende Fluoreszenzentstehung sowie deren -löschung, können dabei anhand eines didaktisch angepassten Energiestufenmodell im fortgeschrittenen Chemieunterricht anschaulich erarbeitet werden. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht das Experiment viele Anknüpfungspunkte zu den grundlegenden Themen des Chemie- und Physikunterrichts wie Absorption, Emission, Strahlungs- sowie Energieübergänge.
The fluorescence of solids and liquids is a well-known phenomenon, also in everyday life. Within this experiment, the fluorescence of a substance in the gaseous phase is demonstrated by the example of gaseous iodine. In order to explain this fascinating observation, induced by green laser light, as well as its quenching in the presence of nitrogen, a didactically adjusted energy stage model is presented. This model is suitable for advanced chemistry class. In addition, the experiment offers several links to fundamental topics of chemistry and physics education, such as absorption, emission, and radiation and energy transitions.
A Deucalione iodine is an essential mineral vital for the optimal function of the thyroid gland in human beings. Apart from being found in a variety of foods, it is a component of various ...medications, amiodarone and expectorants, iodine-based swabs used for skin cleaning before interventional and surgical procedures, and iodinated contrast media in medical settings. Jod-Basedow Phenomenon, also known as Jod-Basedow Syndrome or iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis, is a rare cause of thyrotoxicosis that characteristically refers to a paradoxical phenomenon in which large loads of exogenous iodine can cause hyperthyroidism. This phenomenon is mainly seen in populations already at risk for thyroid diseases, such as autoimmune thyroid diseases, prior thyroid surgical history, latent Graves' disease, and prior non-toxic diffuse or nodular goiter formation, or those with underlying kidney disease, such as chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disorders, which can impact iodine excretion. Typically, it is recognized in those with the administration of a large iodine load, dietary supplement, iodinated contrast media used in conjunction with computed tomography scans, angiography, and various other imaging studies, iodinated antiseptic solutions and oral supplements, or a medication, mainly amiodarone, class III antiarrhythmic drug used in the treatment of recurrent severe ventricular arrhythmias, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, atrial fibrillation and maintenance of sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. Prophylactic medical management of the phenomenon may include antithyroid drugs, methimazole, or perchlorate, to be considered for patients at risk for developing iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis that is scheduled for imaging modalities by using iodinated contrast media. Moreover, the preliminary management modality comprises cessation of iodine administration, avoiding further exposure, administration of beta-adrenergic antagonists, thionamides, corticosteroids, and rarely lithium. Prognosis is usually favorable, although a small percentage of cases could suffer permanent sequelae from iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis. Nevertheless, complications are remarkable including thyroid storm, permanent hyperthyroidism, atrial fibrillation, and fetal hypothyroidism with goiter development, in terms of ordering iodinated contrast media in pregnants. Jod-Basedow Phenomenon should not be overlooked and should be managed by an interprofessional healthcare team serving and officiating not only to treat it but also to concern themselves, actively in the relevant prophylaxis.
Iodine can be obtained by consumption of the foods that include it or to which it is added. Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism, also known as Jod-Basedow Syndrome, usually rise in the cases of underlying ...thyroid disease, such as autoimmune thyroid disease, latent Graves disease, non-toxic diffuse or nodular goiter or previous thyroid surgery. Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism is frequently self-limited with a period of 1-18 months after the discontinuanceation of iodine supply/replation. The prognosis is frequently favorable, the majority returns to the baseline hormonal status. The long-term outcomes of Jod-Basedow effects remain unknown due to the scarcity of phenomenon. Nonetheless, it is remarkable that treatment, devoted to the underlying thyroid diseases, should be addressed after resolution of the acute episode. Furthermore, an interprofessional health care team must serve and officiate not only to treat iodine-induced hyperthyroidism, but also to concern themselves actively in prophylaxis.
In recent years, with the unremitting advancement of higher education reform, academics have been experiencing stress associated with conducting scientific research. In this study focusing on ...university teachers in China, we adopted a stepwise regression method and reviewed related literature to construct a mechanism of academic stress and occupational burnout. Specifically, we tested job satisfaction and relative deprivation as mediating and moderating variables and conducted empirical research on 1239 teachers from 15 universities in eastern, central, and western China. Our findings show that: (1) academic stress has a significant positive effect on occupational burnout; (2) job satisfaction has a partial role as the intermediary agent between academic stress and occupational burnout; and (3) relative deprivation positively moderates the relationship between academic stress and job satisfaction, indicating that teachers in universities and colleges are also affected by relative deprivation and the perception of inequity. These findings have significant value in the management of higher education and academic research.
Literary history and libraries’ progress are evident of women professionals’ contributions. Since the beginning, women professionals’ roles and responsibilities in different capacities have been ...quite phenomenal. The present study highlights the contributions published in the Journal of Documentation for the period 2015-2019. It attempts to study the variations existing in research output from a gender perspective and a brief review of women professionals’ journey and job-related aspects from traditional to contemporary times. The information is collected from the Journal of Documentation (JoD). The study focuses on the year-wise distribution of articles and authors, collaboration patterns among the gender, authorship pattern, geographical distribution, the annual growth rate of female contributors, and average productivity of male and female authors per article. The findings revealed that the annual growth rate of the female contributors was 28.6 in 2019. The male author’s average productivity per article is 1.23, and 1.12 is the female contributors’ average productivity per paper. The study is beneficial in understanding the women’s contributions in international journals, and it has also revealed that the publication gap is not huge. Still, it is minimal except in a few circumstances.
This article introduces the new family of living radical polymerizations with germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N) catalysts which we recently developed. The polymerizations are ...based on a new reversible activation mechanism, Reversible chain Transfer (RT) catalysis. Low-polydispersity polymers are obtained in the homopolymerizations and random and block copolymerizations of styrene, methyl methacrylate, and functional methacrylates. The background, performance, and kinetic features of the polymerizations are described. Attractive features of the catalysts include their high reactivity, low toxicity (Ge, P, and N), low cost (P and N), and ease of handling (robustness).
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