During the World War I conflict between the Austrian and Italian army, Austrian engineer units constructed hallways in the karst region of Soča river. Those hallways, karst phenomena (caverns, caves) ...and other fortifications, gave the Austrian army a tactical advantage. The construction principle of caverns is the consequence of the geological structure of the terrain. We are watching another military conflict in Afghanistan. In country where many armies in history have been defeated, where the terrain morphology condition a guerilla tactic, where the function effect of modern military technology is limited by battlefield configuration and with low military value of individual target, we are creating a "picture" of the possible view of the future battlefield. Al-Qai'da operatives in east Afghanistan take advantage of the opportunity of geological structure of the terrain and construct tunnel network across natural caves. Although the tunnel network in Afghanistan is constructed mostly in sandstones and metamorphic rocks, we may partly compare it with Austrian hallways. In that sense this work shows the influence of geological structure of the terrain on the effect of military operations in mountains and karst regions, and the analogy between military operations on the Soča river and military operations in Afghanistan.
Deeply influenced by karst geological environment, the structure of the soil ecosystem in the southwest karst area of China is characterized by strong vertical variation and space variation, ...structural feature of nonrenewable soil, and functional feature of poor circulation of nutrient elements and limited vegetation growth. On the basis of analyzing vulnerability in structure and function of soil ecosystem in China’s southwestern karst regions, we discussed the degradation process and mechanism of soil structure, nutrient, water and microorganism in the course of soil erosion from the perspective of material and energy cycle. Finally, we put forward some recommendations for recovery of degraded soil, transformation and rational utilization of soil.
Tijekom 1. svjetskog rata u sukobu između talijanske i austro-ugarske vojske na rijeci Soči, austrijske su inženjerijske postrojbe izgradile tunele u kršu. Takvi umjetni objekti (tuneli) i prirodni ...krški fenomeni (kaverne, prirodne spilje), kao i druge fortifikacije omogućile su austro-ugarskoj vojsci prednost u taktičkom smislu. Princip izgradnje tunela i formiranje kaverni posljedica je geološke građe terena. U Afganistanu smo svjedoci još jednog vojnog sukoba. U području gdje su kroz povijest ostale poražene mnoge vojske velikih sila i gdje morfologija terena diktira gerilsku taktiku vođenja rata, gdje je učinak djelovanja moderne vojne tehnike ograničen oblikom bojišnice ali i niskom vrijednošću pojedinačnog cilja, stvara se "slika" promišljanja o mogućem izgledu bojišnice budućnosti. Operativci Al-Qaide u istočnom Afganistanu iskoristili su pogodnost geološke građe bojišnice i izgradili mrežu tunela kroz prirodne spilje. Premda su sustavi tunela u Afganistanu izgrađeni pretežno u pješčenjacima i metamorfnim stijenama, može se izvršiti usporedba s austrijskim obrambenim objektima izgrađenim u vapnenačkim stijenama oko rijeke Soče. U tom smislu ovaj rad ima za cilj prikazati utjecaj geološke građe terena na izvođenje vojnih operacija u planinskom i krškom području, i dati usporedbu između vojnih operacija vođenih oko rijeke Soče i vojnih operacija vođenih u Afganistanu.
