U radu se razmatraju mogućnosti prikaza pokreta primjenom statičnih tematskih karata na primjeru migracija – procesa koji čini dio svakodnevice, a koji može biti i prostorno i vremenski izrazito ...varijabilan. Migracije se u demografskoj literaturi, ali i šire, primjerice u dnevnome tisku, grafički najčešće prikazuju kartama toka. Karte toka zorno predočavaju „temu“ pokreta u prostoru, no migracije, odnosno odabrane sastavnice migracija, moguće je prikazati i uz pomoć drugih vrsta tematskih karata. Ono što pritom svakako predstavlja najveću poteškoću je prikaz vremena, odnosno istodobni prikaz više godina ili razdoblja na jednoj statičnoj tematskoj karti. U radu su prikazane mogućnosti prikaza sastavnica migracija primjenom više različitih vrsta statičnih tematskih karata, prednosti i nedostaci svake od njih, s posebnim osvrtom na mogućnosti i poteškoće zajedničkog prikaza prostorne i vremenske varijable migracija na karti.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
This paper designs a wheelchair with multi-function nursing ability. With Raspberry Pi as the main control board, it has functions such as assisting in getting in and out of bed, term inal ...monitoring, intelligent risk avoidance. It also has the ability of rehabilitation training for th e elderly with stroke or similar conditions, to prevent muscle atrophy and other problems cause d by long-term inability to exercise independently. Finally, the lightweight aluminum profile m aterial is used as the main body to complete the prototype production and function verificatio n. The prototype test shows that this new type of intelligent nursing wheelchair has a reasonabl e design, and the integration of multiple functions has brought great convenience to the caregiv ers and users. It has the prospect of large-scale promotion and marketing.
Formulation of targets and establishing which factors in different contexts will achieve these targets are critical to successful decarbonization of the building sector. To contribute to this, we ...have performed an evidence map of roadmaps for zero and low energy and carbon buildings (ZLECB) worldwide, including a list and classification of documents in an on-line geographical map, a description of gaps, and a narrative review of the knowledge gluts. We have retrieved 1219 scientific documents from Scopus, extracted metadata from 274 documents, and identified 117 roadmaps, policies or plans from 27 countries worldwide. We find that there is a coverage bias towards more developed regions. The identified scientific studies are mostly recommendations to policy makers, different types of case studies, and demonstration projects. The geographical inequalities found in the coverage of the scientific literature are even more extreme in the coverage of the roadmaps. These underexplored world regions represent an area for further investigation and increased research/policy attention. Our review of the more substantial amount of literature and roadmaps for developed regions shows differences in target metrics and enforcement mechanisms but that all regions dedicate some efforts at national and local levels. Roadmaps generally focus more on new and public buildings than existing buildings, despite the fact that the latter are naturally larger in number and total floor area, and perform less energy efficiently. A combination of efficiency, technical upgrades, and renewable generation is generally proposed in the roadmaps, with behavioral measures only reflected in the use of information and communication technologies, and minimal focus being placed on lifecycle perspectives. We conclude that insufficient progress is being made in the implementation of ZLECB. More work is needed to couple the existing climate goals, with realistic, enforceable policies to make the carbon savings a reality for different contexts and stakeholders worldwide.
Kartieren Um 1800 Christoph, Andreas
2019, 20191021, Letnik:
19
eBook
Der vorliegende Band versammelt verschiedene Perspektiven auf die Praktiken der Kartographie um 1800. Dabei geht es um mathematische Konstruktionen, politische Inskriptionen, künstlerische Adaptionen ...und wissenschaftshistorische Analysen.Eine Handlungsempfehlung für den geographischen Unterricht aus dem ausgehenden 18. Jahrhundert rahmt den Publikationsteil ein und verweist auf die historische Bandbreite der Geographica und Cartographica sowie deren Wahrnehmung und Anwendung in der Zeit. »Kartieren um 1800« schärft durch unterschiedliche Zugangsweisen den Blick für die Bandbreite der Wissenspraktiken und Darstellungsformen in, auf und durch Karten, Atlanten und Globen und soll weiterführendes Interesse an der Thematik wecken.
Historical topographic maps carry huge information of this planet over a very long period. Geographic information extraction from topographic map (TM) is helpful for understanding the environmental ...changes and other geography related research fields. However, both quality and quantity of TM bring big challenges in efficient interpretation. Numerous studies have been focused on extracting geographic information from scanned topographic maps (STM). In this work, we will review lots of studies on STM processing in the past a few decades. Most of the discussing approaches are grouped into two categories which are segmentation and vectorization. Segmentation is the foundation for information extraction from STM and the segmenting results directly influence the subsequent procedures. Vectorization component contains four main geographic elements including contour line, road, text and symbols. This work reviews amount of published articles in these research areas and gives brief introduces about those previous studies as well as analysis and comments. Our goal is to show the exist ideas in STM processing and provide some general knowledge on methods and patterns which are employed in those studies. Most important, through the overview of existing approaches, new thoughts and ideas about STM processing are expected.
•We proposed an integrated metro assignment model based on smart card data.•The model estimates network attributes and route choice parameters simultaneously.•We used a particular type of MCMC ...(variable-at-a-time metropolis) sampling.•The estimation results are consistent with previous survey/data-driven studies.
This paper proposes an integrated Bayesian statistical inference framework to characterize passenger flow assignment model in a complex metro network. In doing so, we combine network cost attribute estimation and passenger route choice modeling using Bayesian inference. We build the posterior density by taking the likelihood of observing passenger travel times provided by smart card data and our prior knowledge about the studied metro network. Given the high-dimensional nature of parameters in this framework, we apply the variable-at-a-time Metropolis sampling algorithm to estimate the mean and Bayesian confidence interval for each parameter in turn. As a numerical example, this integrated approach is applied on the metro network in Singapore. Our result shows that link travel time exhibits a considerable coefficient of variation about 0.17, suggesting that travel time reliability is of high importance to metro operation. The estimation of route choice parameters conforms with previous survey-based studies, showing that the disutility of transfer time is about twice of that of in-vehicle travel time in Singapore metro system.
In this paper, an assessment of the compound flood hazards in the city center of Rijeka due to the combined actions of the coastal and river flood sources was carried out, and hazard maps for the ...said area were prepared. Maps were created on a larger scale, taking into account various sources of flooding, and they show that the city of Rijeka has a high level of flood hazard, especially along the coastline and around the Rječina river where the highest flow velocities and water depths can be expected.
U ovome je radu provedena procjena opasnosti od složenih poplava u centru grada Rijeke uslijed kombiniranog djelovanja mora i rijeke te su izrađene karte opasnosti od složenih poplava za navedeno područje. Karte opasnosti od poplava izrađene su u krupnijem mjerilu uz uvažavanje različitih izvora poplava i potvrđuju kako riječko područje ima visoku razinu opasnosti od poplava, pogotovo uz samu obalu i oko korita rijeke Rječine gdje se mogu očekivati najveće brzine i dubine vode.
The increasing interest in ground source heat pump system (GSHP) as well as its high initial investment cost accentuate the necessity for an assessment tool which supports policy makers with ...decisions regarding technology development and subsidization. Since the performance of a geothermal heat pump system depends strongly on parameters such as geological and climate conditions, a regional-scale energy-economic mapping by spatial analysis was accomplished for priority assessment of each region which is to be subsidized. The procedure includes numerical modeling and optimization of GSHP systems by Genetic Algorithm (GA), regional heating/cooling design load estimation and spatial data analysis to achieve an economic-based map for 234 cities in Iran. Moreover, spatial interpolation was carried out in order to achieve a statistical surface map for the entire country. For the first time, Iran's regional shallow geothermal map was accurately presented along with other geographical maps including air and earth surface’s mean temperature, heating/cooling loads, GSHP required operating hours and Iran's climatology. Total Annual Cost (TAC) values were categorized into five equal ranges from CA (the highest priority class) to CE (the lowest priority class) which highlight the convenient regions for shallow geothermal energy use. Finally, Iran’s provinces were sorted according to TAC weighted average values.
Historische Bildungsforschung hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten zu einem Forschungs- und Arbeitsgebiet entwickelt, das in seinen Themen, Methoden und theoretischen Bezügen vielseitig aufgestellt ...und interdisziplinär anschlussfähig ist. Auch Methoden, Arbeitstechniken und Tools der Digital Humanities, die viele Bereiche der Geistes- und Kulturwissenschaften heute beeinflussen, finden dort bereits in vielfältiger Weise Anwendung. Dies zeigt der vorliegende Band anhand konkreter Beispiele aus aktuellen Forschungsprojekten und Arbeitsgruppen mit Bezug zur historischen Bildungsforschung. Die Beiträge geben Anwendungsbeispiele für ausgewählte digitale Werkzeuge und Forschungsmethoden und stellen forschungspraktische wie auch epistemologische Fragen zur Diskussion. (DIPF/Orig.)
Mechanical load is one of the main determinants of cardiac structure and function. Mechanical load is studied in vitro using cardiac preparations together with loading protocols (e.g., auxotonic, ...isometric). However, such studies are often limited by reductionist models and poorly simulated mechanical load profiles. This hinders the physiological relevance of findings. Living myocardial slices have been used to study load in vitro. Living myocardial slices (LMS) are 300‐μm‐thick intact organotypic preparations obtained from explanted animal or human hearts. They have preserved cellular populations and the functional, structural, metabolic and molecular profile of the tissue from which they are prepared. Using a three‐element Windkessel (3EWK) model we previously showed that LMSs can be cultured while performing cardiac work loops with different preload and afterload. Under such conditions, LMSs remodel as a function of the mechanical load applied to them (physiological load, pressure or volume overload). These studies were conducted in commercially available length actuators that had to be extensively modified for culture experiments. In this paper, we demonstrate the design, development and validation of a novel device, MyoLoop. MyoLoop is a bioreactor that can pace, thermoregulate, acquire and process data, and chronically load LMSs and other cardiac tissues in vitro. In MyoLoop, load is parametrised using a 3EWK model, which can be used to recreate physiological and pathological work loops and the remodelling response to these. We believe MyoLoop is the next frontier in basic cardiovascular research enabling reductionist but physiologically relevant in vitro mechanical studies.
What is the central question of this study?
Can cardiac tissues be cultured under conditions that do not simulate the mechanical load the heart is exposed to in vivo?
What is the main finding and its importance?
A culture bioreactor was developed that can keep living heart tissue alive in vitro under continuous electromechanical stimulation. The device, MyoLoop, simulates the cardiac cycle on a beating slice during culture, recreating the in vivo workload of the heart in vitro. MyoLoop is a novel translational platform for cardiac studies.
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