Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and use of hypertonic saline among doctors in the Southeast region of Nigeria.
Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted amongst 182 ...doctors in the paediatric departments of the six tertiary institutions in South Eastern Nigeria. Data to assess knowledge and use of hypertonic saline were collected using self-administered, structured questionnaires.
Results: After aggregating the knowledge questions (definition of hypertonic saline, knowledge of available concentrations and modes of administration) and categorizing knowledge into good or poor, 148 (81.3%) had good knowledge, while 34 (18.7%) had poor knowledge. Respondents who had ever seen an infusion of hypertonic saline were 93 (51.1%), while only 62 (34.1%) had ever used it during their practice. Among those who had used it, only 33 (18.1%) obtained it from their hospital pharmacy. Most respondents (91.2%) would support advocacy for its increased availability and use in Nigeria.
Conclusions: Our study demonstrated good knowledge of hypertonic saline, however, there is low usage due to unavailability. There is a need for collaboration between paediatricians, pharmaceutical companies and other stakeholders to create demand and initiate the production of hypertonic saline.
•We identified different knowledge base modelling and manipulation techniques based on 4 categories.•Compared knowledge base modelling and manipulation technologies based on their underlying ...theories, knowledge representation technique, knowledge acquisition technique, challenges, applications, development tools and development languages.•We discussed the relevance of knowledge-based business.•We proposed a promising technique for knowledge-based business management and other knowledge related applications.
A system which represents knowledge is normally referred to as a knowledge based system (KBS). This article focuses on surveying publications related to knowledge base modelling and manipulation technologies, between the years 2000–2015. A total of 185 articles excluding the subject descriptive articles which are mentioned in the introductory parts, were evaluated in this survey. The main aim of this study is to identify different knowledge base modelling and manipulation techniques based on 4 categories; 1) linguistic knowledge base; 2) expert knowledge base; 3) ontology and 4) cognitive knowledge base. This led to the proposition of 8 research questions, which focused on the different categories of knowledge base modelling technologies, their underlying theories, knowledge representation technique, knowledge acquisition technique, challenges, applications, development tools and development languages. A part of the findings from this survey is the high dependence of linguistic knowledge base, expert knowledge base and ontology on volatile expert knowledge. A promising technique for knowledge-based business management and other knowledge related applications is also discussed.
Policy-Making Context Matters, But Can Cairney, Paul
International journal of health policy and management,
08/2022, Letnik:
11, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Squires et al note that too many people use terms like context' imprecisely. The result (to avoid) is a catch-all term that lacks explanatory value and hinders the efforts of policy designers. Their ...list of 66 factors is a useful exercise to unpack what people mean when describing context. However, some problems will arise when the authors seek to move from research to practice. First, the list is too long to serve its purpose. Second, in many cases, it categorises rather than operationalises key terms. The result is the replacement of one vague term with a collection of others. Third, many categories describe what policy designers might need, rather than what they can reasonably expect to happen. In that context, wider studies of implementation and complex systems provide cautionary tales in which the outcomes of research become overwhelming rather than practical. Keywords: Implementation, Policy Design, Policy Analysis, Governance, Complexity, Systems Thinking
This study investigates, and further develops, a framework for analyzing technological knowledge emanating from school design projects; a framework that has the potential to be used as a tool for ...teachers when choosing and planning design projects. The study also intends to answer the research question: What technological knowledge, associated to physical models, emanates from design projects common in Swedish secondary schools. To answer the research question, the framework is used to analyze three design projects common in Swedish secondary schools. The design projects were video-recorded during actual classroom work by using a self-following robot camera. The projects involved three teachers and 70 students in grades 7, 8 and 9. Deductive content analysis of the video-recordings revealed that technological knowledge from four categories –Technical skills, Technological scientific knowledge, Socio-ethical technical understanding and Engineering capabilities –within the framework emanated from the three projects.A new category of technological knowledge was also found, namely Technological research capabilities. This fifth category is related to the capability to search for, and interpret,information about solutions when doing a design. An implication of the conducted study is that design projects are important to enable development of technological knowledge in the school subject technology. However, considering the amount of time a design project requires, there is only room for a few projects in secondary school. Therefore, technology teachers have to carefully choose and combine projects to educate technological literate citizens as well as prepare students for studies and future careers within engineering and technology.
Connaissances et symboles Makhoukh, Fouad
SHS Web of Conferences,
2023, Letnik:
175
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
L’article suivant approche le problème de la « connaissance » et la multiplicité de ses formes à partir des relations liant certains types cognitifs aux « symboles ». La raison en est due à la ...diversité du domaine de la connaissance lui-même, ainsi que ses symboles et les différentes façons de les étudier.Cela rend la réflexion sur la nature des connaissances humaines complexe et problématique, et son étude nécessite de prendre ces différences en considération. Pour éclairer ce sujet, cet article évoque, suivant une démarche analytique et synthétique, deux types de connaissances : le premier est issu des sciences exactes et le second des sciences humaines. Ainsi aborde-t-il, d’une part, le procédé symbolisant adopté par les sciences naturelles, et met en lumière les rapports qui lient les concepts scientifiques à ce qui est symbolique. D’autre part, il cherche à montrer le statut des symboles et leur interprétation dans le champ de la psychanalyse.
The following article explores the problem of “knowledge” and the multiplicity of its forms by examining the relationships between certain cognitive types and “symbols.” This is driven by the diversity within the field of knowledge itself, as well as the variety of symbols and the different ways of studying them. This complexity makes the reflection on the nature of human knowledge intricate and challenging, requiring careful consideration of these differences. To shed light on this subject, the article adopts an analytical and synthetic approach, focusing on two types of knowledge: one derived from exact sciences and the other from human sciences. It delves into the process of symbolization adopted by natural sciences, shedding light on the connections that link scientific concepts to the symbolic realm. Additionally, the article seeks to explore the status of symbols and their interpretation within the field of psychoanalysis. By examining these two distinct types of knowledge and their relationship to symbols, the article aims to provide a deeper understanding of the nature and complexities of human knowledge. This analysis contributes to a broader perspective on the significance of symbols in various fields of study, underscoring the interconnectedness of cognitive processes and symbolic representations. Overall, the article enhances our comprehension of how knowledge is constructed, interpreted, and communicated across different disciplines and domains.
The purpose of knowledge management is innovation. However, this study proposes that the existence of knowledge management in the knowledge‐worker's work environment can nurture the overall ...satisfaction of knowledge worker. As the ultimate purpose of knowledge management is innovation performance, therefore, the satisfaction of knowledge worker as an outcome of knowledge management should be greater innovation performance. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to test the mediating role of satisfaction of knowledge worker between knowledge management and innovation. The study collected the data from 306 knowledge workers (engineers and managers) of software houses from Pakistan. The SmartPLS 3 Version 2.7 software that uses the PLS‐SEM (Partial Least Square‐Structural Equation Modelling) technique was used. The results indicate that satisfaction of knowledge worker mediates between two knowledge management processes (knowledge creation and knowledge sharing) and innovation significantly. However, it does not mediate between knowledge utilization and innovation significantly.
Knowing full well Sosa, Ernest
2011., 20101213, 2010, 2011, 2011-01-01, 20110101, Letnik:
3
eBook
In this book, Ernest Sosa explains the nature of knowledge through an approach originated by him years ago, known as virtue epistemology. Here he provides the first comprehensive account of his views ...on epistemic normativity as a form of performance normativity on two levels. On a first level is found the normativity of the apt performance, whose success manifests the performer's competence. On a higher level is found the normativity of the meta-apt performance, which manifests not necessarily first-order skill or competence but rather the reflective good judgment required for proper risk assessment. Sosa develops this bi-level account in multiple ways, by applying it to issues much disputed in recent epistemology: epistemic agency, how knowledge is normatively related to action, the knowledge norm of assertion, and theMenoproblem as to how knowledge exceeds merely true belief. A full chapter is devoted to how experience should be understood if it is to figure in the epistemic competence that must be manifest in the truth of any belief apt enough to constitute knowledge. Another takes up the epistemology of testimony from the performance-theoretic perspective. Two other chapters are dedicated to comparisons with ostensibly rival views, such as classical internalist foundationalism, a knowledge-first view, and attributor contextualism. The book concludes with a defense of the epistemic circularity inherent in meta-aptness and thereby in the full aptness of knowing full well.
Introduction to the Special Issue Knell, Mark; Stephan, Johannes
Journal of the knowledge economy,
03/2021, Letnik:
12, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This special issue of the Journal of Knowledge Economy is to focus on a number of particular aspects related to the process of knowledge creation, dissemination and its use. This follows largely the ...ideas developed within the European Union 6th Framework project ‘Understanding the Relationship between Knowledge and Competitiveness in the Enlarging European Union’, better known as the U-Know project. The main goal of the U-Know project was to enhance the understanding of knowledge and its role for economic competitiveness and wider societal development in support of the Lisbon agenda for an enlarging Europe. It focuses on the interaction between enterprises with the higher education and the government sectors in environments characterised by the spread of knowledge. This interaction is governed by factors such as institutional arrangements, organisational conditions, norms and values, attitudes and cognitive flexibility that align the agents into a system of networks. Specific forms of interaction shape different characteristics of knowledge, each of which has its own repercussion on the process of knowledge creation, its dissemination and its use.
Nonaka's paper 1994. A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organ. Sci. 5(1) 14-37 contributed to the concepts of "tacit knowledge" and "knowledge conversion" in organization science. ...We present work that shaped the development of organizational knowledge creation theory and identify two premises upon which more than 15 years of extensive academic work has been conducted: (1) tacit and explicit knowledge can be conceptually distinguished along a continuum; (2) knowledge conversion explains, theoretically and empirically, the interaction between tacit and explicit knowledge. Recently, scholars have raised several issues regarding the understanding of tacit knowledge as well as the interaction between tacit and explicit knowledge in the theory. The purpose of this article is to introduce and comment on the debate about organizational knowledge creation theory. We aim to help scholars make sense of this debate by synthesizing six fundamental questions on organizational knowledge creation theory. Next, we seek to elaborate and advance the theory by responding to questions and incorporating new research. Finally, we discuss implications of our endeavor for organization science.
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