Guarana (Paullinia cupana) is a South American plant that contains twice more caffeine compared to coffee beans, and has a stimulatory effect. Thus guarana preparations in the form of capsules, ...tablets, powders, teas, syrups and energy drinks contain a lot of caffeine, which can rapidly cause poisoning even when only slightly overdosed. Caffeine poisoning may result in irritability, insomnia, anxiety, restlessness, muscle twitching, nausea or vomiting, rapid heart beat or cardiac arrhythmias, high blood pressure, sweating, diuresis and gastroinestinal disturbance. This report presents two cases of guarana overdose with the common caffeine poisoning symptoms and signs. Guarana in therapeutic doses can exacerbate underlying cardiac disease (especially cardiac arrhythmias, coronary heart disease, heart failure) and diabetes. Furthermore, children, pregnant and nursing women should avoid guarana as well. Treatment of guarana poisoning is symptomatic, mainly with benzodiazepines and by fluid and electrolyte substitution.
Dihalni premori (ali apnoične atake, pavze, apneje) zaradi nedonošenosti so ena najpogosteje postavljenih diagnoz v neonatalnih intenzivnih enotah. Dihalni premori so prehodne narave in nastanejo ...zaradi motnje v prilagoditvi dihalnega centra in dihal na zunajmaternično življenje ter nezrelosti receptorjev, ki zaznavajo delne tlake kisika in ogljikovega dioksida. Pomembno podaljšujejo trajanje hospitalizacije ter imajo lahko škodljive dolgoročne posledice.V preglednem prispevku opredeljujemo dihalne premore zaradi nedonošenosti. Predstavljamo klasifikacijo, epidemiologijo, patofiziološko ozadje in nadzorovanje srčno-dihalnih funkcij nedonošenčkov. Opisujemo, kako postaviti diagnozo dihalnih premorov zaradi nedonošenosti, sekundarne vzroke apneje in diferencialnodiagnostične možnosti ter nekatera stanja, ki so povezana z dihalnimi premori zaradi nedonošenosti. Velik del prispevka je namenjen predstavitvi možnih terapevtskih ukrepov, med njimi tudi takih, ki še niso prodrli v splošno klinično prakso, saj so za potrditev njihove učinkovitosti potrebne nadaljnje raziskave. Sklepni del članka ponuja pregled raziskav, v katerih so proučevali genetsko podlago dihalnih premorov zaradi nedonošenosti in predstavitev njihovih rezultatov.
In 2008 and 2009 we studied molluscicidal activity of 26 substances in 89 different treatments under laboratory conditions. The experiments in which slugs (Arion spp.) were a part took place in two ...series: 1) with the injection of active substances in slug intestines; and 2) with the application of pellets. After giving the injection we observed 100% mortality of slugs in treatments with Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (0.25 ml in 10% concentration/individual), caffeine (0.25 ml in 10% concentration/individual), sodium dodecyl sulphate (0.25 ml in 10% concentration/individual, 0.125 ml in 10% concentration/individual, 0.125 ml in 5% concentration/individual, 0.0625 ml in 10% concentration/individual), and pirimicarb (0.25 ml in 10% concentration/individual, 0.125 ml in 10% concentration/individual, 0.125 ml in 5% concentration/individual, 0.0625 ml in 10% concentration/individual). Meanwhile, the application of pellets resulted in the highest (100%) slug mortality when sodium dodecyl sulphate in 0.5% concentration with caraway as a supplement was used.
Z V letih 2008 in 2009 smo v laboratorijskih razmerah preizkušali limacidno delovanje 26 snovi v 89 različnih obravnavanjih. Poskusi, v katere smo vključili polže lazarje (Arion spp.), so potekali v dveh serijah, in sicer z injiciranjem aktivne snovi v prebavilo polžev in z uporabo pelet. Pri injiciranju smo 100 % smrtnost polžev ugotovili v obravnavanju z bakterijo Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (0,25 ml v 10 % koncentraciji/osebek), kofeinom (0,25 ml v 10 % koncentraciji/osebek), natrijevim dodecil sulfatom (0,25 ml v 10 % koncentraciji/osebek; 0,125 ml v 10 % koncentraciji/osebek; 0,125 ml v 5 % koncentraciji/osebek; 0,0625 ml v 10 % koncentraciji/osebek), in pirimikarbom (0,25 ml v 10 % koncentraciji/osebek; 0,125 ml v 10 % koncentraciji/osebek; 0,125 ml v 5 % koncentraciji/osebek; 0,0625 ml v 10 % koncentraciji/osebek), medtem ko smo največjo (100 %) smrtnost polžev pri uporabi pelet dosegli z natrijevim dodecil sulfatom v 0,5 % koncentraciji z dodatkom kumine.
Caffeine, coffee, and health Garattini, S
Monographs of the Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan (USA),
1993
Book
Begins with a survey of coffee consumption and analyses of the composition of coffee, the metabolism of caffeine and other components of coffee, and the mechanism of action of caffeine. Reviews and ...assesses the experimental, clinical, and epidemiological data on the cardiovascular effects of caffeine; its role in myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular diseases; its psychopharmacology and influence on sleep, wakefulness, and cognitive function; its reproductive effects and hazards; and its carcinogenic and mutagenic potential
Alcohol and caffeine are deeply woven into the fabric of life for most of the world's population, as close and as comfortable as a cup of coffee or a can of beer. Yet for most people they remain as ...mysterious and unpredictable as the spirits they were once thought to be. Now, in Buzz, Stephen Braun takes us on a myth-shattering tour of these two popular substances, one that blends fascinating science with colorful lore, and that includes cameo appearances by Shakespeare and Balzac, Buddhist monks and Arabian goat herders, even Mikhail Gorbachev and David Letterman (who once quipped, "If it weren't for the coffee, I'd have no identifiable personality whatsoever"). Much of what Braun reveals directly contradicts conventional wisdom about alcohol and caffeine. Braun shows, for instance, that alcohol is not simply a depressant as popularly believed, but is instead "a pharmacy in a bottle"--mimicking the action of drugs such as cocaine, amphetamine, valium, and opium. At low doses, it increases electrical activity in the same brain systems affected by stimulants, influences the same circuits targeted by valium, and causes the release of morphine-like compounds known as endorphins--all at the same time. This explains why alcohol can produce a range of reactions, from boisterous euphoria to dark, brooding hopelessness. Braun also shatters the myth that alcohol kills brain cells, reveals why wood alcohol or methanol causes blindness, and explains the biological reason behind the one-drink-per-hour sobriety rule (that's how long it takes the liver, working full tilt, to disable the 200 quintillion ethanol molecules found in a typical drink). The author then turns to caffeine and shows it to be no less remarkable. We discover that more than 100 plant species produce caffeine molecules in their seeds, leaves, or bark, a truly amazing distribution throughout
nature (nicotine, in comparison, is found only in tobacco; opium only in the poppy). It's not surprising then that caffeine is far and away the most widely used mind altering substance on the planet, found in tea, coffee, cocoa, chocolate, soft drinks, and more than 2,000 non-prescription drugs. (Tea is the most popular drink on earth, with coffee a close second.) Braun also explores the role of caffeine in creativity: Johann Sebastian Bach, for one, loved coffee so much he wrote a Coffee Cantata (as Braun notes, no music captures the caffeinated experience better than one of Bachs frenetic fugues), Balzac would work for 12 hours non-stop, drinking coffee all the while, and Kant, Rousseau, and Voltaire all loved coffee. And throughout the book, Braun takes us on many engaging factual sidetrips--we learn, for instance, that Theodore Roosevelt coined the phrase "Good to the last drop" used by Maxwell House ever since; that distances between Tibetan villages are sometimes reckoned by the number of cups of tea needed to sustain a person (three cups being roughly 8 kilometers); and that John Pemberton's original recipe for Coca-Cola included not only kola extract, but also cocaine. Whether you are a sophisticated consumer of cabernet sauvignon and Kenya AA or just someone who needs a cup of joe in the morning and a cold one after work, you will find Buzz to be an eye-opening, informative, and often amusing look at two substances at once utterly familiar and deeply mysterious.
Provider: Czech digital library/Česká digitální knihovna - Institution: National Medical Library/Národní lékařská knihovna - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Pavel Calda- Literatura- All ...metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Kofein je gotovo neizbježan sastojak naše svakodnevne prehrane. Donedavno je pretjerana upotreba kofeina smatrana dopingom. Od 2004. godine kofein nije više na listi zabranjenih sredstava ...Međunarodnog olimpijskog odbora. No, i prije te promjene interes za ergogena svojstva kofeina bio je velik. U ovom će se preglednom članku ukratko prezentirati ergogena svojstva kofeina, kao i mehanizmi koji bi im mogli biti u podlozi. Osvrnut ćemo se i na doze kofeina i tempiranje njegove primjene, ali i na moguće neželjene učinke kofeina. Na kraju, razmotrit će se neke etičke dvojbe oko uporabe kofeina u sportu
Provider: Czech digital library/Česká digitální knihovna - Institution: National Medical Library/Národní lékařská knihovna - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Literatura- All metadata published ...by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: Czech digital library/Česká digitální knihovna - Institution: Academy of Sciences Library/Knihovna Akademie věd ČR - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Kofein podaný večer snižuje ...ospalost a zvyšuje pozornost a schopnost poznávat. Zpožďuje však též časový cirkadiánní systém, neboť následující den po podání je zpožděn rytmus v tvorbě melatoninu, ukazatele fáze cirkadiánních hodin. Vynucená desynchronizace mezi spánkem a dobou vysoké noční hladiny melatoninu, která signalizuje subjektivní noc jedince, vede k narušení celého cirkadiánního systému.- Helena Illnerová.- Evening caffeine consumption attenuates sleepiness and increases attention and cognitive abilities. In addition, it delays the circadian timekeeping system, as the next day after caffeine consumption the human melatonin rhythm, a circadian clock phase marker, is delayed. Forced desynchrony of sleep and the interval of high melatonin levels, which indicates a subjective night for an individual, leads to a disruption of the circadian system.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: Czech digital library/Česká digitální knihovna - Institution: Academy of Sciences Library/Knihovna Akademie věd ČR - Data provided by Europeana Collections- J. Tchekalarova, H. Kubová, P. ...Mareš.- Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy- Repeated postnatal caffeine treatment of rat pups led to transient developmental changes in cortical epileptic afterdischarges. To know if physiological cortical functions are also affected transcallosal evoked potentials were studied. Rat pups of the Wistar strain were injected daily with caffeine (10 or 20 mg/kg s.c.) from postnatal day (P) 7 to P11, control siblings received saline. Cortical interhemispheric responses were tested at P12, 18, 25 and in young adult rats. Amplitude of initial monosynaptic components was evaluated in averaged responses. Single pulses as well as paired and frequency (five pulses) stimulations were used. Developmental rules - highest amplitude of responses in 25-day-old rats, potentiation with paired and frequency stimulation present since P18 - were confirmed. Caffeine-treated rats exhibited transient changes: single responses were augmented in P25 if high stimulation intensity was used, paired-pulse and freque ncy responses were higher in experimental than in control anim als at P12, the opposite change was observed in 18- and more ma rkedly in 25-day-old rats. No significant changes were found in adult animals, monosynaptic transcallosal responses represent a simple and robust system. The developmental profile of described changes did not exactly correspond to changes in epileptic afterdischarges supporting the possibility that afterdischarges did not arise from early monosynaptic components of responses. In spite of transient nature of changes they can reflect delayed or more probably modified brain development.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
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