S staranjem prebivalstva narašča tudi število totalnih artroplastik velikih sklepov pri bolnikih z degenerativnimi boleznimi sklepov. Po drugi strani so finančna sredstva zdravstvenega proračuna ...omejena ali se celo zmanjšujejo. Koncept kirurgije s pospešenim okrevanjem (KSPO), s katerim skrajšamo ležalno dobo bolnikov, ne da bi s tem ogrozili kakovost zdravljenja, koristi tako bolniku, kot tudi bolnišničnemu proračunu.
Koncept KSPO smo v SB Jesenice pri bolnikih za primarno totalno artroplastiko kolka in kolena začeli uvajati v letu 2014. Postopno smo ga optimizirali in nadgradili, med drugim z izobraževanjem bolnikov in njihovih svojcev pred operacijo, ter v letu 2015 vse bolnike za primarno totalno artroplastiko kolena ali kolka v celoti obravnavali v skladu z načeli KSPO.
Analizirali smo izid zdravljenja s primerjavo ležalne dobe. Mediana vrednost je pred uvedbo KSPO v letih 2013 in 2014 znašala 6,45 oz. 6,4 dni. Po uvedbi KSPO se je le-ta pomembno skrajšala. Mediana vrednost je v letih 2015, 2016 znašala 4,4 dni, v letu 2017 pa 3,5. Analizirali smo tudi pogostost ponovnih sprejemov v 30 dneh po odpustu iz bolnišnice, kjer med bolniki pred in po uvedbi KSPO ne ugotavljamo pomembnih razlik.
Koncept KSPO smo na ortopedskem oddelku SB Jesenice uspešno uvedli in tako učinkovito skrajšali ležalno dobo bolnikov po totalni artroplastiki kolena ali kolka, ne da bi ob tem povečali stopnjo zapletov. To smo dosegli z večdisciplinarnim pristopom k obravnavi bolnikov pred (izobraževanje) in med hospitalizacijo, z optimizacijo nadzora izgube krvi (rutinska uporaba traneksamične kisline) in preprečevanja bolečine (multimodalni pristop k analgeziji brez opioidov) ter z optimizacijo fizioterapije.
Poškodbe sprednje križne vezi kolenskega sklepa postajajo vse pogostejši problem aktivne ženske populacije v primerjavi v moškimi. Poleg začasno ali celo trajno okrnjene funkcije sklepa povečujejo ...tudi tveganje za nastanek zgodnje artroze. Prepoznava dejavnikov tveganja za nastanek tovrstnih poškodb v povezavi z razlikami med spoloma bi bila smiselna pri razvoju preventivnih ukrepov pred tovrstnimi poškodbami. Pregledane laboratorijske in epidemiološke raziskave v letih 1992-2012 so poleg anatomskih in biomehanskih razlik potrdile povezavo med nihanjem hormonov menstrualnega cikla in tveganjem za poškodbo sprednje križne vezi. Preovulatorna faza predstavlja obdobje največjega tveganja zaradi povečane koncentracija estrogena. Kljub navedenim ugotovitvam je videti pomen mesečnega nihanja hormonov premajhen, da bi na njem lahko učinkovito gradili preventivne programe pred poškodbami kolenskih vezi pri ženskah.
This booklet, in A to Z format, is a succinct but wide-ranging guide to the use of MRI for investigations of the knee joint. It provides easily retrievable answers to the questions that arise ...frequently during daily radiological practice. All relevant injuries and disorders are covered, typically with brief descriptions of pathological and clinical characteristics, guidance on selection of imaging technique, identification of potential diagnostic clues, and highlighting of useful tips and tricks. In addition, practical, state-of-the-art information is provided on other aspects of relevance. Characteristic images are included as necessary. Knee Imaging, published within the series A-Z Notes in Radiological Practice and Reporting, will be of value for both residents and general radiologists. Beyond assisting in MR reporting, it will help examination candidates in their preparation.
Anterior cruciate ligament injuries of the knee represent an increasing problem among the active female population in comparison to their male counterparts. Besides temporary or prolonged joint ...dysfunction, such injuries may predispose an individual to early osteo-arthritis. Recognizing the sex differences is essential for the determination of preventive measures against these injuries. Besides anatomical and biomechanical differences, the role of hormonal oscillation during the menstrual cycle has been hypothesized. This manuscript presents a literature review based on cruciate ligament and menstrual cycle research published between 1992 and 2012. According to the experimental and epidemiologic studies, menstrual cycle was shown to be linked to anterior cruciate ligament injuries. The pre-ovulatory phase represents an increased risk, with the peak serum levels of estrogen emerging toward the end of that phase. However, the significance of menstrual cycle seems to be of lesser importance in preventive measures against female anterior cruciate injuries.
Poškodbe sprednje križne vezi kolenskega sklepa postajajo vse pogostejši problem aktivne ženske populacije v primerjavi v moškimi. Poleg začasno ali celo trajno okrnjene funkcije sklepa povečujejo tudi tveganje za nastanek zgodnje artroze. Prepoznava dejavnikov tveganja za nastanek tovrstnih poškodb v povezavi z razlikami med spoloma bi bila smiselna pri razvoju preventivnih ukrepov pred tovrstnimi poškodbami. Pregledane laboratorijske in epidemiološke raziskave v letih 1992-2012 so poleg anatomskih in biomehanskih razlik potrdile povezavo med nihanjem hormonov menstrualnega cikla in tveganjem za poškodbo sprednje križne vezi. Preovulatorna faza predstavlja obdobje največjega tveganja zaradi povečane koncentracija estrogena. Kljub navedenim ugotovitvam je videti pomen mesečnega nihanja hormonov premajhen, da bi na njem lahko učinkovito gradili preventivne programe pred poškodbami kolenskih vezi pri ženskah.
The purpose of this book is to offer an exhaustive overview of the recent insights into the state-of-the-art in most performed arthroplasties of large joints of lower extremities. The treatment ...options in degenerative joint disease have evolved very quickly. Many surgical procedures are quite different today than they were only five years ago. In an effort to be comprehensive, this book addresses hip arthroplasty with special emphasis on evolving minimally invasive surgical techniques. Some challenging topics in hip arthroplasty are covered in an additional section. Particular attention is given to different designs of knee endoprostheses and soft tissue balance. Special situations in knee arthroplasty are covered in a special section. Recent advances in computer technology created the possibility for the routine use of navigation in knee arthroplasty and this remarkable success is covered in depth as well. Each chapter includes current philosophies, techniques, and an extensive review of the literature.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Introduction: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a method of choice in diagnosing internal soft tissue injuries of the knee, such as ...menisci, cruciate ligaments and joint cartilage. It is, as well, the only method for detecting posttraumatic changes in bone marrow, so called bone bruises. Precise analysis of presence and location of bone bruise can explain the pattern of the knee trauma which enables better insight into internal knee lesions. Aim : The aim of the dissertation is to determine the difference in sensitivity of STIR sequence comparing to T1 on MR imaging for detecting bone bruises. The second aim is to determine the importance of bone bruise as the additional sign for detecting post injury lesions of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and menisci by determing their association. The additional aim is to determine the association of bone bruise frequency with injuries of ACL regarding the sport. Material and methods: A representative review of 100 MR examinations for the acute knee trauma in different sports was conducted. All the patients were examined within one month of trauma. All MR examinations were performed by using MRP 7000 0.3 T Hitachi MR unit. The standard imaging protocol with SE T1 sagital, FS T2 sagital, coronal, axial and STIR sequence was used. The presence and site of bone bruises were analyzed as well as the difference in bone bruise frequency on STIR and T1 sequence and the level of sensitivity of these sequencies in detecting bone bruises. The frequency of soft tissue lesions of the knee especially ACl and menisci and their association with bone bruises was also analyzed. We have also analyzed the frequency of bone bruises in different sports which led to the knee trauma. Results : Posttraumatic bone bruise was seen in 51 % of patients. Bone bruise was after the knee effusion, the second most often pathological finding on knee MR imaging. The highly statistically significant difference (estimated by Vilcoxon test Z=-5,067,p=0,000 ) was found between T1 and STIR sequence which leads to the conclusion that STIR sequence is much more sensitive in detecting the bone bruise than T1 sequence. The association between bone bruise and ACL lesion was statistically significant which posed bone bruise as the additional sign for detecting ACL injury which can be not so clear on MR imaging. The association between bone bruise and menisci lesion was not found. The frequency of bone bruise appearance was much higher (more than 50%) in certain sports (skiing, football and handball).Bone bruise with ACL lesion was more often in recreational athletes than in professionals. Conclusion :Bone bruise is best seen in STIR images. The association between bone bruise and ACL lesion was highly statistically significant which makes bone bruise significant additional sign in diagnosing ACL lesion. The most extensive knee lesions with bone bruise and ACL lesions are seen in skiing, football and handball.- Magnetna rezonanca (MR) je metoda izbora za dijagnostikovanje povreda unutrašnjih mekotkivnih struktura, kao što su meniskusi, ukrštene veze i zglobna hrskavica. Osim toga, MR je jedina dijagnostička metoda koja prikazuje i posttraumatske promene koštane srži, zvane koštane modrice (KM). Preciznom analizom prisustva i lokacije KM se može razjasniti mehanizam traume kolena, što omogućava bolji uvid u očekivane, udružene, povrede unutrašnjih struktura kolena. Cilj : Cilj disertacije je da se utvrdi razlika u stepenu senzitivnosti STIR u odnosu na T1 sekvencu u detekciji koštanih modrica. Potom da se analizom stepena udruženosti KM i lezija prednjeg ukrštenog ligamenta(ACL) i meniskusa utvrdi značaj KM kao pomoćnog znaka za dijagnostikovanje povreda prednjeg ukrštenog ligamenta i meniskusa. Utvrditi učestalost KM i lezija ACL po sportovima. Materijal i metode : Urađen je MR pregled kolena kod 100 ispitanika sa akutnom povredom kolena, zadobijenom pri sportu. Svi su pregledani u prvih mesec dana nakon traume. Pregledi su obavljeni na MRP 7000 0,3T Hitači. Korišćen je standardizovani protokol sa sekvencama SE T1 sagitalno, FS T2 sagitalno, koronalno i aksijalno i STIR koronalno. Analizirano je prisustvo i raspored koštanih modrica. Analizirana je razlika učestalosti nalaza KM u STIR u odnosu na T1 sekvencu i procena vidljivosti KM u ove obe sekvence. Analizirana je učestalost patoloških nalaza na mekim tkivima kolena, posebno patoloških nalaza na ACL i meniskusima i njihova povezanost sa nalazima košatnih modrica. Analizirali smo učestalost nalaza KM po sportovima pri kojima je došlo do povrede kolena. Rezultati : Nalaz KM je uočen kod 51% ispitanika. KM je drugi, posle efuzije, po učestalosti patološki nalaz na MR pregledu kod akutne traume kolena. Utvrđena je značajna statisička razlika Vilkokson testom (Z=-5,067, p=0,000) između T1 i STIR sekvence što govori da je STIR sekvenca ubedljivo senzitivnija od T1 sekvence za dijagnostiku KM. Uočena je značajna statisitička povezanost između nalaza KM i nalaza lezije prednjeg ukrštenog ligamenta što ukazuje da nalaz KM možemo koristiti kao pomoćni znak za pouzdaniju dijagnostiku lezije ACL, a koja na MR pregledu može biti manje jasna. Nije uočena statistički značajna povezanost između nalaz a KM i lezije meniskusa. Uočeno je da je učestalost nalaza KM bila veća od 50% pri povredama u skijanju, fudbalu i rukometu. Nalaz KM udružen sa povredama ACL je bio oko dva puta učestaliji kod rekreativnih nego kod profesionalnih sportista. Zaključak : Zaključeno je da bolju vidljivost KM daje STIR sekvenca nego T1 sekvenca. Uočena je statistički visoko značajna povezanost nalaza KM sa nalazom lezije ACL, što opravdava značaj nalaza KM kao pomoćnog znaka u dijagnostici lezija ACL. Najekstenzivnije lezije kolena sa, visokim stepenom nalaza KM i lezija ACL, preko 50%, su u skijanju, fudbalu i rukometu.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
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