This paper examines the mystery surrounding the sinking of HMAS
Sydney
in the Indian Ocean on November 19, 1941, by the German raider SV
Kormoran
. All hands on HMAS
Sydney
were lost—645 men; these ...men’s deaths constituted about one-third of Australia’s naval losses in World War II. This cost was unbelievable and unbearable, and in reaction, Australia’s government initially covered up the ship’s fate, only releasing the news when information about it began to leak from other sources. Further, despite numerous attempts, investigators failed to trace the wreckage of either of the combatant ships until 2008, when the crew of SV
Geosounder
located first the remains of SV
Kormoran
and then those of HMAS
Sydney
, using data derived from decoded records left by the German ship’s captain. The outsized role this episode played in the consciousness of a nation led to creative memorials, both to those who were lost, and to the anguish that the incident caused so many Australians. Initially, memorials followed a traditional pattern of plaques and religious services. In 1991, as the 60th anniversary of
Sydney’s
loss approached, Australia saw both renewed interest in solving the mystery of its location and in memorializing its loss. This occasion and advances in technologies available meant new types of memorials, often reflecting a sensibility that emphasized the individual dimension. For example, an online Honour Roll supports a display of photographs of those lost and vignettes of the sailors’ lives submitted by family members. As well, the Geraldton HMAS
Sydney
II Memorial, dedicated in 1998, a complex comprised of structures and artworks that imbue a more personal meaning of the tragedy to visitors. Its design is such that those suffering a loss may find solace in this resource, giving it both public and private appeal.
In this paper an analysis of the stress state of the hull of the ship Kormoran II loaded by non-contact mine explosion were performed. An empirical description of the pressure wave from the ...non-contact TNT explosion loads reported by authors such as RH Cole T. L. Geers and K.S. Hunter was used. The way of modeling the pressure wave using the acoustic medium implemented CAE programs was shown. The paper presents the results of pressure distribution on the hull of the ship Kormoran II at selected time points from TNT explosion under the keel of the ship. The paper presents detailed results of the stress state in the selected nodes, for example on the frame of main motor construction.
The paper presents the parameters of the pressure wave incident on minehunter hull structure modeled on the simplified vessel hull of Kormoran II project.
The aim of this study was to determine the importance of different environments for Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo biology in the Grado and Marano lagoon (Friuli Venezia Giulia, NE Italy, Upper ...Adriatic Sea), and to estimate the levels of fish removal within such areas. Data were collected on Cormorant abundance and the amount of fish consumed in two fishing valli (Valle Noghera and Valle Artalina) and in three tidal areas (Goppion, Cavanata sea, Grado and Marano lagoon). The number of Cormorants per 100 ha was relatively low in all the study areas. The highest density of feeding cormorants in November (24 birds/100 ha) was in Valle Noghera. The latter is ascribed to an isolated event of 50 birds in social fishing activity. During the rest of the November survey time (72% of the total), lower densities were noted (2.5 birds/100 ha). Fish consumption was also relatively low. In Valle Artalina the maximum was 6.8 kg/100 ha in December. The highest fish consumption was estimated in Valle Noghera in November (41.9 kg/100 ha) and in the Grado and Marano lagoon in January (7.6 kg/100 ha). In fish farms, the highest fish consumption is recorded in November and December, exclusively within wintering basins and canals. So these areas should be covered with wire nets. Furthermore, considering the high variability and irregularity of fish removal, the use of active deterring methods (e.g. gas cannons) can give good results, especially if applied during social fishing events.
Interakcije med ribogojništvom in kormorani Phalacrocorax carbo v lagunah Grado in Marano (SV Italija)
Diet changes of Pygmy Cormorant Phalacrocorax pygmeus, a piscivorous bird feeding primarily on fish up to 15 cm long, were studied on Skadar Lake. The breeding population on the lake was estimated at ...over 2,000 pairs in 2005 and 1,260 pairs in 2006, comprising about 5-8% of the regional population of SE Europe & Turkey. The first diet analysis, based on stomach contents of specimens hunted in the course of the breeding season, was carried out in the period 1973-1975 in order to identify the influence of the birds on commercial fishery. Further samples of regurgitated or accidentally dropped food items during the feeding of nestlings were collected and analyzed in the 2006 breeding season. Results from both periods are presented and changes in diet composition in the course of over 30 years are discussed. Between 1973-1975 and 2006, the Pygmy Cormorant's diet on Skadar Lake changed drastically. Only one fish species, Rudd Scardinius knezevici, was found to be common to both study periods. Pygmy Cormorant's diet in the period 1973-1975 consisted of 11 fish species (N = 224 specimens), belonging to five families. The most abundant fish species were Roach Rutilus ohridanus and Albanian Roach Pachychilon pictum. Diet analysis in 2006 revealed only six species (N = 98 specimens) from two families, and also showed that the introduced Goldfish Carassius auratus became a major food source for Pygmy Cormorant, constituting 84.7% of the total specimen number. Age class analysis of Goldfish items revealed that juvenile specimens (45-90 mm) comprised 89.0% of the total Goldfish compound. The study confirms that the Pygmy Cormorant is not a species-specific hunter and suggests it is not affected by the changes in composition of fish community in the littoral zone of the lake. Fish consumption by Pygmy Cormorants on Skadar Lake in 2006 was estimated at 45 t during the most intensive foraging period (June-August).
Spremembe v prehrani pritlikavega kormorana Phalacrocorax pygmeus na Skadrskem jezeru (južna Črna gora)
Fischfang, Fischer mit Booten und Kormoranen. Von den Vögeln und Feder-Vieh in Sina. Beschreybung des Kayserthums Sina oder Taising. Kupferstich, Kupferstich auf Seite 142 aus: Dapper, Olfert: ...Gedenkwürdige Verrichtung Der Niederländischen Ost-Indischen Gesellschaft in dem Kaiserreich Taising oder Sina durch ihre Zweyte Gesandtschaft an den Unter-könig Singlamong ... Als auch die Dritte Gesandtschaft An Konchi, Sinischen und Ost-Tartarischen Kaiser. Amsterdam: Meurs, 1675 erschienen 1676. Dresden: SLUB 37.4.1511
in color, quer
Fishing, fishermen with boats and cormorants. Of the birds and feather cattle in Sina. Decoration of the Kayserthum Sina or Taising. Copper engraving, copper engraving on page 142 from: Dapper, Olfert: Commemorative performance The Dutch East Indian Society in the Empire of Taising or Sina by their Zweyte envoy to the Lower King Singlamong... As well as the Third Counselor An Konchi, Sinical and East Tartar emperors. Amsterdam: Meurs, 1675 published 1676. Dresden: SLUB 37.4.1511
The Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo (L.) is the most widely distributed species of cormorants, as it inhabits all continents with the exception of South America and Antarctica. It is a polytypic ...species with five subspecies. Europe is inhabited by two subspecies: nominate P. carbo carbo – which inhabits the North Atlantic coasts, and P. carbo sinensis – which inhabits Central and Southern Europe. The abundance of Great Cormorant populations is constantly increasing since 1970s. The Great Cormorant is a fish eating bird. The increase in the number of cormorants has resulted in dissatisfaction of fish farmers and fishermen, which in turn instigated numerous studies aimed at assessing their actual impact on fish in many European countries. In the past, the Great Cormorant nested in floodplain areas along the large rivers in Serbia (Obedska Bara, Kovilj, Carska Bara, Apatin, etc.). However, in the 1960s and 1970s, due to drying of wetlands and melioration, it almost disappeared as a nesting species from this region. In the mid-1980s, Great Cormorants again began to form colonies in the province of Vojvodina along large rivers and, since then, the number of Great Cormorants in Serbia is constantly increasing. At the beginning of this century, Great Cormorants started to form colonies south of the Sava and the Danube rivers. Research activities within this dissertation were conducted in the Special Nature Reserve "Carska Bara" during 2007-2010. The abundance of the breeding population was monitored by counting active nests (census). Outside of this period, the number was determined by counting birds at overnight roosting locations. The breeding population was the largest in 2007, when it numbered 410 to 440 pairs, and the lowest in 2010, when 250 to 270 pairs were nesting. Outside of the nesting period, the highest number of Great Cormorants was observed during November 2008 and 2009 (1950 specimens each). Examination of the diet of Great Cormorants in the SRP "Carska Bara" was performed by analysis of pellets and regurgitated stomach contents. A total of 587 pellets were collected, in which remains of 2433 fish specimens were identified, as well as 529 regurgitated fish. Twenty-one fish species was registered in the diet of cormorants in the research area, with 12 species from the family Cyprinidae. The most important fish species in the Great Cormorants’ diet are the Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio) and the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), both during the nesting and the wintering period. The average length of the prey was 17.53 cm, ranging from 6.30 cm to 43.50 cm, and the average weight was 94.77 g, ranging from 1.45 g to 625 g. The amount of food intake (weight of fish in pellets) during the winter season from 2007 to 2010 was 412 ± 215 g, while during the breeding season it was 405 ± 181 g. It is estimated that cormorants cause considerable damage to fish in aquaculture, not only by direct consumption of fish, but also by injuring them during unsuccessful attacks, which causes stress and change of their behaviour. Considering that the largest fishpond in Serbia (fishpond Ečka) is located in the research area, this phenomenon was also included in the research. The body area affected by injuries (surface and subepithelial) represented about 11% on average of the total body area. The most commonly observed histopathological changes in injured areas were the number and position of pigmented cells in the dermis and the enormously thickened epidermal layer (in more than 80% of samples), disturbed epidermal structure, increased number of alarm cells, and altered morphology of overlaying cells (in more than 75% of samples), and miolysis (in about 50% of the samples). The research also included the analysis of 20 heavy metals and trace elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Si, Se, Sr, and Zn) in different tissues (muscle, liver, intestine, feather, and bone) of Great Cormorants and in different tissues (muscle, liver, gills, kidney and gonad) of their main prey (Prussian carp and common carp) within the research area. The analysis was performed by inductively-coupled plasma optical spectrometry (ICP-OES). A principal components analysis (PCA) indicated that the cormorant liver tissue was differentiated from the other four tissues by higher concentrations of Hg, Fe, Cu, and Mo, feathers by higher concentrations of Al and Si, and bones by higher concentrations of Sr and Mg. Differentiation among the three age classes of cormorants was observed only with regard to elemental concentrations in their feathers: subadult cormorants were differentiated by higher Hg and Zn concentrations, while the adults were differentiated by higher concentrations of Fe. In comparison to their prey, cormorants were differentiated by higher concentrations of Fe, Hg, and Cu in the muscle. Toxic mercury concentrations above 4 μg/g dry weight were determined in the liver of juvenile cormorants, as well as in the liver and feathers of subadults. Hg concentrations were significantly correlated among all studied tissues of cormorants. Cormorants had significantly higher concentrations of Fe and Hg in muscle and liver than the two studied fish species. The results obtained in this study will contribute to a better understanding of the dietary habits of the Great Cormorant, as well as to the monitoring of its populations in Serbia, in keeping with the European Cormorant Management Plan, European Parliament resolution P6 TA(2008)0583).
Veliki kormoran Phalacrocorax carbo (L.) je najšire rasprostranjena vrsta iz roda kormorana i naseljava sve kontinente izuzev Južne Amerike i Antarktika. Politipska je vrsta u okviru koje se razlikuje pet podvrsta, a Evropu naseljavaju dve: P. carbo carbo – naseljava obalu severnog Atlantika, i P. carbo sinensis – naseljava centralnu i južnu Evropu. Brojnost ove vrste konstantno raste od 70-ih godina prošlog veka. Veliki kormoran se u potpunosti hrani ribom. Rast broja kormorana širom Evrope doveo je do nezadovoljstva uzgajivača ribe i ribara, što je pokrenulo mnogobrojna istraživanja ove vrste u mnogim evropskim zemljama. U prošlosti, veliki kormoran se u Srbiji gnezdio u plavnim oblastima duž velikih reka (Obedska bara, Kovilj, Carska bara, Apatin...), ali je 60-ih i 70-ih godina prošlog veka, usled isušivanja močvara i meliorativnih radova, gotovo nestao kao gnezdarica. Sredinom 80-ih godina ponovo počinju da se formiraju kolonije velikog kormorana na području Vojvodine uz velike reke, i od tada je njegova brojnost u stalnom porastu. Početkom ovog veka počinju da se formiraju kolonije i južno od Save i Dunava. Istraživanja u okviru ove disertacije sprovedena su na području Specijalnog rezervata prirode „Carska bara“, u periodu od 2007. do 2010. godine. Brojnost gnezdeće populacije praćena je prebrojavanjem (cenzusom) aktivnih gnezda, dok je van tog perioda brojnost praćena prebrojavanjem ptica na zajedničkom noćilištu. Gnezdeća populacija je bila najbrojnija 2007. godine, kada je sastojala od 410 do 440 parova, dok je najmanja brojnost zabeležena 2010. godine, kada se gnezdilo 250 do 270 parova. Van perioda gnežđenja najveća brojnost velikih kormorana zabeležena je tokom novembra 2008. i 2009. godine (po 1950 jedinki). Ispitivanje ishrane velikih kormorana na području SRP „Carska bara“ vršeno je analizom gvalica i povraćenog želudačnog sadržaja. Ukupno je prikupljeno 587 gvalica, na osnovu kojih su identifikovani ostaci 2433 jedinke riba i 529 povraćenih riba. Registrovano je učešće 21 vrste riba u ishrani kormorana na ovom području, od čega 12 iz porodice Cyprinidae. Najznačajnije vrste riba u ishrani bile su babuška (Carassius gibelio) i šaran (Cyprinus carpio), kako u periodu gnežđenja tako i van njega. Prosečna dužina plena iznosila je 17,53 cm, a kretala se u opsegu od 6,30 cm do 43,50 cm, dok je prosečna težina iznosila 94,77 g i kretala se u opsegu od 1,45 g do 625 g. Vrednost dnevnog unosa hrane (masa riba po gvalici) tokom zimskog perioda od 2007. do 2010. godine iznosila je 412 ± 215 g, a tokom sezone gnežđenja 405 ± 181 g. Procenjuje se da kormorani pričinjavaju značajne štete akvakulturi, ne samo direktnim konzumiranjem, već i povređivanjem gajene ribe pri neuspešnim napadima, što izaziva stres i promenu njihovog ponašanja. S obzirom da se na istraživanom području nalazi i najveći ribnjak u Srbiji (ribnjak Ečka), navedeni fenomen je takođe analiziran u okviru ovih istraživanja. Površina tela zahvaćena povredama (površinskim i subepitelijalnim) iznosila je prosečno oko 11% ukupne površine tela. Najčešće uočene histopatološke promene na mestima povreda bile su: broj i položaj pigmentnih ćelija u dermisu i enormno zadebljanje epidermalnog sloja (u više od 80% uzoraka), zatim poremećena struktura sloja epidermisa, povećan broj alarmnih ćelija i izmenjena morfologija pokrovnih ćelija (u više od 75% uzoraka), kao i mioliza (u oko 50% uzoraka). Pored navedenih istraživanja, analizirane su i koncentracije 20 teških metala i mikroelemenata (Al, As, B, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Si, Se, Sr i Zn) u različitim tkivima kormorana (mišić, jetra, crevo, pero i kost), kao i u različitim tkivima (mišić, jetra, škrge, gonade i bubreg) njegovog dominantnog plena na ovom području - babuški i šaranu. Analiza je vršena metodom induktivno spregnute plazme – optičko emisione spektrometrije (ICP-OES). Analiza glavnih komponenti ukazuje da se jetra kormorana izdvaja po povećanim koncentracijama Hg, Fe, Cu i Mo, perje po visokim koncentracijama Al i Si, a kosti po visokim koncentracijama Sr i Mg. Razlike između tri starosne grupe kormorana zabeležene su samo u pogledu koncentracije elemenata u njihovim perima, dok nije bilo značajnijeg razdvajanja uzrasnih kategorija na osnovu koncentracije elemenata u preostala četiri tkiva. U poređenju sa plenom, kormorani se razlikuju po značajno višim koncentracijama Fe, Hg i Cu u mišićima. Toksična koncentracija žive iznad 4 μg/g suv
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain ...Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
PDF
