The relationships between availability and quality of food, diet composition and habitat use of female and male chamois herds Rupicapra pyrenaica parva (Cebrera, 1911), were investigated in the ...Cantabrian Mountains (Spain). The two vegetation types studied were grass-forb and shrub.
The relationships between availability and quality of food, diet composition and habitat use of female and male chamois herds Rupicapra pyrenaica parva (Cebrera, 1911), were investigated in the Cantabrian Mountains (Spain). The two vegetation types studied were grass-forb and shrub.
A teeth eruption pattern for Cantabrian chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica parva (Cabrera, 1911) was presented (Cantabrian Mountains, North of Spain). Permanent teeth eruption order was as follows: (M1 M1) ...M2 M2 I1 M3 M3 (PM2 PM3) (PM1 PM1 PM2 PM3 I2) I3 I4. The eruption time was: M1 and M2 at 2-3 months, M2 and M2 between 9 and 13 months, M3 and M3 between 22 and 25 months. Lower and upper premolars and I2 emerged at 25-29 months. I3 emerged at 36-37 months, and the last tooth erupting was I4, between 36 and 46 months. The early eruption in Cantabrian chamois in relation to other chamois subspecies was discussed, and it was suggested that possible advantages relate to chewing efficiency and a wider age-related use of vegetation.
A teeth eruption pattern for Cantabrian chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica parva (Cabrera, 1911) was presented (Cantabrian Mountains, North of Spain). Permanent teeth eruption order was as follows: (M1 M1) M2 M2 I1 M3 M3 (PM2 PM3) (PM1 PM1 PM2 PM3 I2) I3 I4. The eruption time was: M1 and M2 at 2-3 months, M2 and M2 between 9 and 13 months, M3 and M3 between 22 and 25 months. Lower and upper premolars and I2 emerged at 25-29 months. I3 emerged at 36-37 months, and the last tooth erupting was I4, between 36 and 46 months. The early eruption in Cantabrian chamois in relation to other chamois subspecies was discussed, and it was suggested that possible advantages relate to chewing efficiency and a wider age-related use of vegetation.
Sexual dimorphism in Cantabrian chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica parva (Cebrera, 1911) horn lenght was recorded annually for the first five years of life. The horns of the males were larger than those of ...females, though horn growth rate in the first two years (ie horn length in the first two years divided by horn length in the first five years) was greater in females than males. Sexual dimorphism in horn length of Cantabrian chamois adults was found to be the highest of genus according to available data.
Sexual dimorphism in Cantabrian chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica parva (Cebrera, 1911) horn lenght was recorded annually for the first five years of life. The horns of the males were larger than those of females, though horn growth rate in the first two years (ie horn length in the first two years divided by horn length in the first five years) was greater in females than males. Sexual dimorphism in horn length of Cantabrian chamois adults was found to be the highest of genus according to available data.
Measures of horn growth of Bulgarian chamois Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica Bolkay, 1925 were compared between males and females. The hypothesis that rapid early growth of horn is followed by slower ...subsequent growth was tested throught the regression of the horn increment in the first two years against the third, fourth and fifth year respectively in the same individual.
Measures of horn growth of Bulgarian chamois Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica Bolkay, 1925 were compared between males and females. The hypothesis that rapid early growth of horn is followed by slower subsequent growth was tested throught the regression of the horn increment in the first two years against the third, fourth and fifth year respectively in the same individual.
The herd size of Cantabrian chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica parva (Cabrera, 1910) varied seasonally in relation to escape terrain and food availability in our study area (Asturias, north of Spain).
The ...herd size of Cantabrian chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica parva (Cabrera, 1910) varied seasonally in relation to escape terrain and food availability in our study area (Asturias, north of Spain).
What are some results of dental avoidance? By age 50, statistics show, 11 percent of Americans have lost their teeth, 47 percent need dental care for cavities in the roots and crowns of their teeth, ...and 57 percent suffer from conditions such as inflamed gums. Researchers have scrutinized every angle and crevice in dentistry, developed new materials to fill cavities and bond teeth, figured out how to get X-rays on a computer, devised machines to replace the drill, invented ways to mask or completely avoid the dreaded stick of the needle. "You turn on the drill sometimes and you watch the hands grip the arms of the chair and the knuckles turn white," Dr Aidis S. Kozica said. He is trying to offer "no-fear dentistry."
Polish funeral speeches
old prints
Ded. for governors and burghers of the princely and bishop of Rychtala.
mowy pogrzebowe polskie
stare druki
Ded. dla rządców i mieszczan książęcego i biskupiego ...miasta Rychtala.
Cilj ovoga rada bio je optimirati uvjete priprave uzoraka kao i metode za ekstrakciju polifenola kožica grožđa. Ispitan je utjecaj različitog načina sušenja kožica bobica grožđa, sušenje u pećnici, ...na zraku pri sobnoj temperaturi te liofilizacija, na maseni udio pojedinih fenola te je utvrđeno da je liofilizacija najučinkovitija metoda. Optimiran je postupak zamrzavanja i odmrzavanja uzoraka bobica grožđa pri čemu su zamrzavane bobice sa i bez jastučića. Kožica je odvojena od ostatka bobice sa još zamrznutih bobica te nakon odmrzavanja u mikrovalnoj pećnici, hladnjaku i na sobnoj temperaturi. Najveći maseni udjeli pojedinih fenola očuvani su kod uzoraka zamrznutih sa jastučićem, a sa kojih je kožica odvojena s još zamrznutih bobica. Provedeno je optimiranje pet metoda (ekstrakcija čvrsto-tekuće, ultrazvukom potpomognuta ekstrakcija, mikrovalovima potpomognuta ekstrakcija, enzimima potpomognuta ekstrakcija te raspršenje matrice uzorka kroz čvrstu fazu) za ekstrakciju flavonoida iz kožica bobica grožđa te je usporedbom masenih udjela flavonoida u ekstraktima dobivenim tim metodama utvrđeno da je ultrazvukom potpomognuta ekstrakcija najučinkovitija metoda.
The aim of the present study was the optimization of the sample preparations of grape skins and the extraction methods for polyphenols, as well. The investigation was done into the effect of the different drying methods of grape skins (oven drying, room temperature drying and freeze-drying) on the content of phenolic compounds. The most effective drying method was found to be freeze-drying. The process of freezing and thawing grape samples was undertaken. The grape berry samples were frozen with and without a receptacle. The skin of the frozen berries was separated from the rest of the berries after thawing in a microwave oven, a refrigerator and on room temperature. The largest content of individual phenols was preserved in samples frozen with a receptacle, where the skin was separated from the still frozen berries. The optimization was done for the five methods (solid-liquid extraction, ultrasound assisted extraction, microwave assisted extraction, enzyme assisted extraction and matrix solid phase dispersion) of flavonoid extraction from the grape berry skins. The comparison of flavonoid content in the extracts obtained by the five methods showed that the ultrasound assisted extraction was the most effective method.
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