Za prostor med mestnimi in podeželskimi območji, ki pogosto ni jasno določen, se običajno uporablja izraz »obmestna krajina«. Eden ključnih razlogov za navedeno nejasnost je konceptualno preširoka in ...geografsko nejasna opredelitev tega prostora. Avtorica se v članku osredotoča na prostorsko določanje obmestne krajine na subregionalni ravni, pri čemer predstavi metodo, ki temelji na prostorskih in demografskih merilih. Prostorsko jasno opredeljena obmestna krajina na subregionalni ravni je lahko v pomoč pri izbiri ustreznih lokalnih in regionalnih pristopov k njenemu razvoju. Avtorica metodo, ki temelji na analizi prekrivanja podatkovnih slojev, preverja z uporabo podatkov, pridobljenih od regionalnih in občinskih uradov v Ljubljani in Edinburgu. Rezultati kažejo, da opisana manj dvoumna prostorska določitev obmestnih krajin zagotavlja boljšo podlago za prostorsko načrtovanje in oblikovanje prostorske politike.
Središnja tema rada usmjerena je na raščlambu udjela Sinjana i Cetinjana u mletačkim prekomorskim kopnenim postrojbama (pješaštvo i konjaništvo) u 18. stoljeću. Rad se zasniva na raščlambi izvornoga ...arhivskog gradiva pohranjenoga u Archivio di Stato di Venezia, a riječ je o popisima pripadnika pojedinih vojnih postrojbi koje je provodila nadležna državna magistratura Inquisitori sopra l’amministrazione dei pubblici ruoli. U uvodnome dijelu rada ukratko se iznose opći podatci o mletačkim prekojadranskim postrojbama, dočim je središnji dio teksta usmjeren na raščlambu konkretnih primjera prisutnosti Sinjana i Cetinjana u mletačkoj kopnenoj vojsci. Analizira se njihova ukupna brojnost tijekom 18. stoljeća, učestalost spominjanja u izvorima, iznose opći podatci o zapovjednicima postrojbi, mjesta djelovanja te se ukazuje na neka opća obilježja onovremenih vojnika (dob, statura i drugo).
U prilogu rada donosi se cjelovit pregled svih Sinjana i
Cetinjana (prema dosadašnjim istraživanjima) zabilježenih
u mletačkim kopnenim vojnim snagama.
Recenzní úvod disertační práce Ing. arch. Kristýny Staré, obhájené na Fakultě architektury ČVUT, Praha, v roce 2019.
Stávající kurikulum umožňuje začlenění tématu krajiny s využitím poznatků oboru ...architektura a urbanismus do výuky na základních školách s cílem podpořit vzdělávání vedoucí k uvědomělé a občansky angažované společnosti. Obvykle se však tyto vstupy omezují spíše na mimořádné projekty a programy nabízené externími odborníky, především z nestátních neziskových organizací.
Disertační práce Kristýny Staré prověřuje možnosti, jak podpořit a rozvíjet vztah dětí raně školního věku ke krajině prostřednictvím integrace témat oboru architektura a urbanismus do kurikula primárního vzdělávání. Zaměřuje se na české prostředí s přihlédnutím k zahraničním modelům jako volné inspiraci.
Ve vlastním výzkumu jsou využity kvalitativní i kvantitativní metody aplikovaného společenskovědního výzkumu. Stěžejní zdroj dat představují polostrukturované rozhovory s tzv. ohniskovou skupinou, která průřezově pokrývá odborníky napříč profesemi a institucionální hierarchií, a pedagogy, kteří se účastnili experimentální fáze výzkumu. Data z rozhovorů jsou analyzovaná a interpretována podle principů zakotvené teorie.
Výsledkem komparace a evaluace získaných dat jsou tyto výstupy: (1) návrh opatření potřebných pro zvyšování povědomí neodborné veřejnosti o tématu a jejich systematické začleňování do školního vzdělávání; (2) přínosy výsledků výzkumu pro představitele oboru architektura – urbanismus a oborů příbuzných a pro pedagogy, kteří se dosud tématem krajiny blíže nezabývali, i pro zainteresovanou odbornou veřejnost; (3) v neposlední řadě jsou pojmenovány limity realizovaného výzkumu a nastíněny výzvy pro výzkumy navazující.
Ovaj članak bavi se razmatranjem saborskih izbora na području grada Senja i njegovim upravnim statusom uoči razvojačenja Vojne krajine. U obzir su uzete i bitne odrednice koje su javljaju neposredno ...nakon tzv. provincijaliziranja, kad je Senj ponovo stekao civilnu upravu u sklopu Banske Hrvatske. Autor ukazuje na izvore nezadovoljstva Senjana njihovim položajem u sastavu Vojne krajine i na njihove težnje da s obnovom ustavnosti u Monarhiji povrate svoju gradsku autonomiju u građanskome dijelu Hrvatske. Težnja za razvojačanjem došla je do izražaja u saborskim raspravama na kojima su se jednoglasno razni zastupnici zalagali za interese grada Senja i njegovih građana, smatrajući da je glavni način za poticanje privrednih djelatnosti u odbacivanju utjecaja vojne uprave.
Slovenská príroda, krajina a životné prostredie, ako aj organizácie a iniciatívy na ich ochranu prešli za uplynulých 30 rokov zložitým vývojom. Podobne zložito sa vyvíjala aj percepcia tejto ...problematiky zo strany verejnosti. Vari najvýstižnejšie sa dá tento vývoj charakterizovať slovíčkom nejednoznačný. Pokrok pri znižovaní znečistenia ovzdušia, vôd a ďalších zložiek životného prostredia sprevádzala bezprecedentná neúcta k iným jeho zložkám, najmä k zeleni a úrodným orným pôdam, celkové dlhodobé podfinancovanie starostlivosti o ŽP a zaostávanie v budovaní environmentálnej infraštruktúry (najmä kanalizácií a čistiarní odpadových vôd) ako aj riešenia problematiky starých environmentálnych záťaží.
Príspevok sa zameriava na stručnú charakteristiku stavu a vývoja jednotlivých zložiek životného prostredia, úspechy a neúspechy pri ich ochrane, ako aj na úlohu jednotlivých aktérov tohto procesu. Súčasťou príspevku sú aj výsledky niektorých výskumov, zameraných na reflexiu tejto problematiky zo strany verejnosti.
Vladavine Marije Terezije obilježena je brojnim reformama i iskoracima koji će se osjetiti u narednim stoljećima. Kao i Bjelovar, Sanitarni kordon će nakon njezina dolaska na vlast 1740. biti jasnije ...formiran mnogim reformama od koje se najviše ističe ona iz Općeg zdravstvenog pravilnika 1770. godine. Bjelovar je nastao kao jedan od odgovora na reorganizaciju Vojne krajine, a početak osnivanja Sanitarnoga kordona vezan je uza sve češće pojave kuge na habsburškome prostoru koje je trebao spriječiti. Za razliku od Bjelovara, Sanitarni kordon će prestati postojati razvojačenjem Vojne krajine, no njegovo postojanje i razvoj je, kao i ono Bjelovara, bilo jedno do simbola reorganizacije Vojne krajine i cijeloga 18. stoljeća.
Until the middle of the 18th century, little was known about education in Croatia, especially in the Military Frontier. Before that time, the existing schools were in the hands of the Church or the ...Croatian nobility. A small number of students attended such schools, and this was only if they were preparing to become priests or for some occupations of interest to the ruling classes of society. A turning point in the development of education in the Austrian Empire in general, including that in Croatia, was the Felbiger Reform (1774), after which school buildings began to be built, schools were opened, teachers were adequately educated, new school textbooks were written and a more favourable status for teachers was created. Also included in all these educational innovations was that part of Croatia that we historically call the Military Frontier, although after a slight lag. In the beginning, there were difficulties, a lack of knowledge and the non-acceptance of any proposals about children going to school, however, with the inclusion of prominent better-educated individuals of the Orthodox faith, school conditions gradually changed in the Military Frontier as well. The first written Law for small Serbian schools was also adopted, which, with minor modifications and a certain resistance, was eventually accepted to some extent in all parts of the Military Frontier.
U članku je problematiziran
Osnovni krajiški zakon
iz 1807. koji je Franjo I. (1792. – 1835.) proglasio za područje Hrvatsko-slavonske i Banatske vojne krajine. Analiziran je sadržaj zakona ...raspoređen u sedam poglavlja i 155 zakonskih članaka te izvorno objavljen na njemačkom i preveden već iduće godine na hrvatski i slavenosrpski jezik. Zakon je donesen u specifičnim povijesnim okolnostima koalicijskih ratova i u duhu reformi dvorskoga kruga oko vladara Franje I. Njegov sadržaj rezultat je višegodišnjega rada nekoliko dvorskih povjerenstava, pri čemu se osobito nastojalo steći uvid u konkretne probleme sustava kao i vojnokrajišku svakodnevicu da bi novim zakonom ponudila trajnija rješenja koja bi obuhvatila interese države, ali i krajiškoga puka. Zbog potrebe očuvanja vojnokrajiškoga sustava ta su rješenja ipak morala biti ograničena.
The Basic Law of the Military Frontier
is one of the most important legal acts issued for the Croatian-Slavonic and Banat Military Frontiers. First published in 1807 in German, it was translated the following year into Croatian, specifically the Slavonian Štokavian-Ikavian literary idiom, and to the Slavic-Serbian language. The law is not only trilingual, but also written in three scripts: German printed script, Latin, and Cyrillic. Unlike the preceding comprehensive legal acts like the Statuta Valachorum from 1630 or the Militar Gränitz Rechten from 1754, the
Basic Law of the Military Frontier
did not exclusively represent state intervention “from above” through legal regulations, but also incorporated customary law derived from the life of the frontiersmen, aligning with the contemporary understanding of the “spirit of the people.” Its third chapter, “Von der Haus-Communion,” is particularly notable, as it regulated the house cooperative (extended family) based on the idea of collective ownership, limited in accordance with the concept of military serfdom, labour, and consumption – which was a fundamentally different approach from half a century earlier. The law comprises the following parts: Einleitung, Erstes Hauptstück Von dem Rechte auf unbewegliche Güter, Zweytes Hauptstück Von dem Rechte der Gränzer, sich auf Gewerbe, Handel und Wissenschaften zu verlegen, Drittes Hauptstück Von der Haus-Communion, Viertes Hauptstück Von der militärischen Widmung der Gränzer, Fünftes Hauptstück Von der Gränz-Aerarial- und Gemeinde-Arbeit, Sechstes Hauptstück Von der Grundsteuer, and Siebentes Hauptstück Von der Industrie- und Schutzsteuer, encompassing a total of 155 legal articles. Under Emperor Francis I, the state committed numerous officers and officials at all levels of command hierarchy to craft the law over several years through the work of multiple commissions. The objective was to create a legal framework aligned with the specific political context and local socioeconomic environment, reflecting “the spirit of the people” as articulated in the law. The legal text aimed to achieve two goals: to provide a legal definition of private property in accordance with the particularities of the Military Frontier, as was the case in the neighbouring and rival Napoleonic France as well as the Inner Austrian lands, where the General Civil Code of the Military Frontier dynamized the socio-economic relations; and to preserve the region’s territory and organization for purely financial reasons. Despite these ambitious goals, the relatively modest outcome of this courtly legal project paradoxically contributed to the impoverishment and economic decline of this region in the 19th century.
On October 26 and 27, 1969, a devastating earthquake hit Banja Luka and fourteen neighbouring municipalities. The reconstruction of the affected area will become a very important issue causing a kind ...of earthquake in the relations of Bosnia and Herzegovina's leadership with the Federal Government and the other republics. In the early 1970s, the whole complexity of multi-year struggle for the equal status and treatment of the Republic in the Federation was reflected in it. In the paper, we track the multi-month negotiations overthe funding sources, the contribution of the Federation and the other republics in the construction and renovation of the Bosanska Krajina (the Bosnian Frontier) and we also indicate the political consequences of this natural disaster.
This paper analyses the vocal and consonant system in the collection of poems On the Other Side of the Streak by Jagoda Kljaić. The language in this literary work is a reflection of the archaic Banija ...idiom, which is no longer spoken, and which the poet activates to preserve it from oblivion. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the researched linguistic features, compare them with previous scientific knowledge about this and other western Serbian dialects, and complete the picture of the Banija dialect which is an integral part of the Herzegovinian-Krajina dialect.
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