Příspěvek je zaměřen na problematiku výuky environmentálních předmětů na Českém vysokém učení technickém v Praze Fakultě dopravní (FD ČVUT). Protože každá dopravní stavba nemalou měrou ovlivňuje ...území, kterým prochází, je třeba, aby na okolní krajinu byl brán zřetel již při jejím samotném návrhu. Na FD ČVUT proto mají budoucí dopravní inženýři také předměty zaměřené na tuto oblast. Již od samotného počátku fungování FD ČVUT, to jest od akademického roku 1993/94, měli studenti kromě předmětů zaměřených na výuku čistě dopravních předmětů také předměty z environmentální oblasti, prvním z nich pak byl povinný předmět Tvorba a ochrana krajiny. V příspěvku je zhodnocena výuka především s ohledem na její přesah do oblasti ovlivnění krajiny dopravními stavbami a dopravou vůbec. Jsou zde shrnuty jednotlivé environmentální předměty včetně jejich konkrétní náplně. Dále je v příspěvku zmíněna projektově orientovaná výuka a rozdělení bakalářských a diplomových prací na základě jejich tematického zaměření. V dalším textu jsou pak diskutovány přínosy outdoorové výuky pro vysokoškolské studenty.
Temelji moderne šumarske znanosti i struke u Hrvatskoj (preporodno razdoblje) postavljeni su tijekom 19. stoljeća. U relativno kratkom vremenu tijekom druge polovine 19. stoljeća osnovano je ...Hrvatsko-slavonsko šumarsko društvo (1846), pokrenut je Šumarski list (1877), osnovano Gospodarsko-šumarskog učilišta u Križevcima (1860), usvojen Zakon o šumama za cijelu Austro-Ugarsku Monarhiju (1852), proveden „Zakon o imovnih općina u hrvatskoj i slavonskoj vojnoj Krajini“ (1873) i započela je s radom Šumarska akademija na Sveučilištu u Zagrebu (1898). Razdoblje je obilježeno i pojavom većeg broja stručno obrazovanih šumarskih stručnjaka koji su višu i visoku šumarsku naobrazbu stjecali u šumarskim učilištima u Hrvatskoj (Križevci) ili drugim europskim centrima. Među njima posebno se ističe Antun (Ante) Tomić rođen 1803. godine u Vinkovcima čije je djelovanje obilježilo sve nabrojane događaje u 19. stoljeću, a važne za hrvatsko šumarstvo. Iako se o djelovanju Antuna Tomića već pisalo i ranije (npr. Nenadić, Kerstenčanek, Piškorić i drugi) 220 godišnjica njegova rođenja dobar je povod za osvježiti sjećanje na Tomićev doprinos šumarskoj struci i hrvatskoj domovini. Prema tome cilj u ovom radu je prikazati Tomićevo djelovanje u kontekstu suvremenih izazova šumarske znanosti i struke. Antun Tomić završio je trogodišnje obrazovanje u Mariabrunnskom (Beč) šumarskom učilištu te je nakon vježbeništva obavljao odgovorne funkcije carsko-kraljevskog nadšumara u nizu pukovnija Vojne krajine. Paralelno se bavio znanstvenim radom te je iznio niz promišljanja o normalnoj drvnoj zalihi, razvoju šuma, modela uređivanja šuma i osiguranju potrajnosti šuma. Autor je organizacijskih reformi u šumarstvu Vojne krajine („Naputku za izlučenje imovno-obćinskih šuma u Krajini“ iz 1871. godine), osnivač i prvi predsjednik Hrvatskog šumarskog društva te vrstan šumarski stručnjak i znanstvenik koji svoje opsežno radno iskustvo pretače u primjenjive znanstvene radove iz gotovo svih područja šumarstva. Poveznica u svim radovima je očuvanje šuma te uspostava normaliteta i kroz normalitet potrajnost gospodarenja. Pri tome istančan Tomićev osjećaj za prirodnost očituje se u traženju preciznije prostorne stratifikacije šuma, preciznijeg utvrđivanja prirasta šume, fleksibilnijeg definiranja etata, većeg ulaganja u zaštitu i njegu šuma (posebno na narušenom (npr. krškom) staništu, a sve u cilju osiguranja potrajnosti gospodarenja šumama. Tomić sve nabrojane postavke uokviruje u svoju racionalnu metodu uređivanja šuma, tada vrlo naprednu kombiniranu metodu koja uvažava stvarno stanje i mogućnosti šuma. Pogledi Antuna Tomića na šumarstvo u temeljima su suvremene hrvatske šumarske struke, a težnja za uspostavom prostorno-vremenskog i strukturnog normaliteta šuma, time i potrajnost gospodarenja njima, trajan su izazov i cilj.
The foundations of modern forest science and practice in Croatia (revival period) were laid during the 19th century. In a relatively short time during the second half of the 19th century, the Croatian-Slavonic Forestry Society was founded (1846), the Forestry Journal was launched (1877), the Economic Forestry School in Križevci was established (1860), the Forestry Act was adopted for the whole Austro- Hungarian Monarchy (1852), the "Act on Property Municipalities in the Croatian and Slavonic Military Krajina" was implemented (1873) and the work of the Forestry Academy at the University of Zagreb began (1898). The period was also marked by the appearance of many professionally educated forestry experts who received higher education in forestry schools in Croatia (Križevci) or other European centres.
Among others, Antun (Ante) Tomić, born in 1803 in Vinkovci, played an outstanding role. His activities marked all the listed events, important for Croatian forestry in the 19th century. Although about Ante Tomić's work it has been written before (e.g. Nenadić, Kerstenčanek, Piškorić and others), the 220th anniversary of his birth is a good incentive to refresh the memory of Tomić's contribution to the forestry profession and to the Croatian homeland. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to present Tomić's activities in the context of contemporary challenges of forestry science and profession. Antun Tomić completed a three-year education at the Mariabrunn (Vienna) Forestry College in 1824, and after his internship, he held the responsible functions as the Imperial-Royal Chief Forester in a number of regiments of the Military Frontier. At the same time, he engaged in scientific work and presented a series of reflections on normal growing stock, forest development, forest management models and ensuring the sustainability of forests. He is the author of the organizational reforms in the forestry of the Military Frontier ("Instructions for the demarcation of estate-community forests in the Krajina" from 1871), the founder and the first president of the Croatian Forestry Society, and an excellent forestry scientist who translated his extensive work experience into applicable scientific works from almost all forestry disciplines. The common feature in all his works is the forests conservation and the establishment of normality, and through normality reaching sustainable management. At the same time, Tomić's keen sense for close-to-nature forestry is manifested in the search for a more precise spatial stratification of forests, more precise forest growth measurement, more flexible definition of allowed harvest volume, greater investment in the conservation and care of forests (especially in disturbed (e.g. karst) habitats). All those ideas, aimed at ensuring the sustainable management of Croatian forests, Tomić framed in his rational method of forest management, which was a very advanced combined method that takes the actual condition and possibilities of forests into account.
Antun Tomić's views on forestry are the foundations of the modern Croatian forestry profession, and the aspiration to establish the spatiotemporal and structural normality of forests. Therefore, the sustainability of forest management stays a permanent challenge and goal.
This paper isolates the syntactic and semantic models of the temporal genitive with the meaning of temporal identification – temporal localization (simultaneity and successiveness) and temporal ...quantification, specifically temporal quantification in the narrow sense (longitudinality, terminativeness and ingressiveness) and temporal frequency (regularity). It further isolates typical temporal meanings expressed by the genitive: direct temporal localization without awareness of the passing of time, with the presence of processuality markers (-): usred/ početkom/ u koncu/ koncem + genitive; direct temporal localization with awareness of the passing of time, with the presence of processuality markers (+): preko/ za vrijeme + genitive; direct temporal localization unmarked in terms of awareness of the passing of time, with the presence of processuality markers (+/-): kod + genitive; direct temporal localization with actualization markers: ovaj, neki, jedan, isti, prošli, prvi, drugi + genitive; indefinite indirect temporal localization with linear circumlativity markers: oko + genitive; definite direct temporal localization – temporal anteriority; prije/ uoči/ ispred + genitive and temporal posteriority: poslije/ iza + genitive. The meaning of temporal quantification in the narrow sense is expressed as longitudinality: čitav/ cijeli + genitive, ingressiveness: od + genitive and terminativeness: do + genitive, while the temporal frequency was confirmed in the meaning of regularity: svaki + genitive. The corpus was collected in field research of the speech of the Slatina region in the north-west of the Republic of Srpska. The analysis compared the recorded aspects of temporal relations expressed with the genitive to the state in similar speeches of the Herzegovina-Krajina dialect.
Arheološke raziskave v zadnjih petnajstih letih dopolnjujejo naše poznavanje poselitve in razumevanje pokrajine v Beli krajini v pozni bronasti in starejši železni dobi. Raziskave vključujejo ...več pristopov, predvsem terenske preglede in pedološke analize ter radiokarbonsko datiranje vzorcev z izkopavanj. Opravljene so bile tudi analize podatkov zračnega lidarskega snemanja, slednje ponuja velik potencial za razkrivanje razsežnosti poselitve na pogozdenih območjih hribovitih obronkov ter nižinskega krasa v Beli krajini, pa tudi nove poglede na že znana arheološka najdišča.
V prispevku je posebna pozornost posvečena pomenu omenjenih pristopov pri terenskih raziskavah, opravljenih v mestnem jedru Črnomlja (1995–2008), na zahodni črnomaljski obvoznici (2004–2009) ter Dragatuškem polju (2000– 2019), ki so razkrili vzorce in podrobnejšo sliko poselitve v pozni bronasti in starejši železni dobi ter prazgodovinske rabe prostora na območju Črnomlja in Dragatuškega polja.
Dolenjska kulturna skupina je ena izmed bolje raziskanih predelov jugovzhodnoalpske halštatske kulture, ki obsega poleg Dolenjske tudi Belo krajino in Gorjance/Žumberak ter Posavje in Zasavje. ...Solidno osnovo zanjo predstavlja krono- loška shema, ki jo je predložil S. Gabrovec in ki je bila dopolnjena predvsem s strani njegovih učencev. Bistveno nova so spoznanja, ki so jih prinesle raziskave o poselitvi teritorija dolenjske skupine, o njenih naselbinah ter utrdbah ter njeni organiziranosti. Nove vidike so odprla tudi novejša arheološka izkopavanja, zlasti gomilnih nekropol v Novem mestu in Budinjaku. Pogrebni običaji, kot se odražajo v različnih načinih pokopavanja (žgani, skeletni) in v različnih velikostih in strukturiranosti gomil (gomile z majhnim ali večjim številom grobov, gomile s centralnim grobom ali brez, gomile z grobovi v koncentrično razporejenih krogih, gomile z različno usmerjenostjo grobov ipd.) kažejo na kompleksnost halštatske družbe, na njeno socialno razslojenost in verovanjske predstave. Hkrati pa se dolenjska halštatska skupina skozi grobne pridatke kaže kot izrazito vojaško organizirana družba v primerjavi z drugimi skupinami jugovzhodnoalpskega halštatskega kroga.
The article describes the circumstances that led to the revival of sports events in the territory of the Republic of Srpska Krajina in the second half of 1992, temporarily interrupted due to the war. ...First competitions started in football, by far the most popular sport. After the first part of the competition had ended according to the regional principle, the winners of the five regional competitions met at the final tournament in Glina at the beginning of August 1993. The title of the first champion of RSK was taken by the host team, Banija from Glina, ahead of Šparta from Beli Manastir. The paper was written on the basis of press and publications from Krajina and sports press from Serbia, relevant literature, material from Croatian archives and published memories.
Od Like do Šleske Balić, Juraj
Povijesni prilozi,
12/2021, Letnik:
40, Številka:
61
Journal Article, Paper
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Gotovo neprestano ratovanje koje se na europskom tlu odvijalo tijekom 18. stoljeća pružalo je brojne mogućnosti mladim i ambicioznim časnicima
koji su svoje vojne usluge stavljali na raspolaganje ...raznim europskim vladarima. Kao izvrstan primjer toga trenda može poslužiti slučaj Gideona Ernsta baruna Laudona (1717. – 1790.), časnika koji je vojnu karijeru započeo u Ruskom Carstvu, a potom prešao u službu habsburških vladara, gdje je ostvario nebrojene uspjehe na bojnom polju i dosegnuo sam vrh vojne hijerarhije. Laudon se pridružio habsburškim vojnim snagama u vrijeme Rata za austrijsku baštinu (1740. – 1748.) kao član Trenckova Pandurskoga dobrovoljačkog zbora, prilikom čega se bolje upoznao s vojnim umijećem „maloga rata”. Stečeno iskustvo proširio je nakon završetka toga sukoba kad mu je dodijeljen časnički položaj u Vojnoj krajini. Koristeći se vojnim umijećem i ratnim vještinama krajišnika, Laudon je ostvario znatne uspjehe u prvim godinama Sedmogodišnjega rata (1756. – 1763.), čime je započeo njegov nagli uspon
unutar habsburške vojne hijerarhije. U ovome radu razmatra se uloga krajišnika u Laudonovim vojnim pothvatima u spomenutom ratnom sukobu s ciljem utvrđivanja značenja te specifične skupine vojnika za Laudonov uspjeh na bojnom polju, kao i njihove važnosti u sklopu oružanih snaga Habsburške Monarhije.
Constant warfare throughout the
eighteenth century offered plentiful opportunities for young and aspiring
officers to advance their military and social positions by performing military
services for powerful European rulers. An example of this trend can be provided
by the case of Gideon Ernst, Baron von Laudon (1717 – 1790), who achieved
remarkable success in Habsburg service during the Seven Years’ War (1756 –
1763). Laudon began his military career in the service of the Romanovs, but
during the War of the Austrian Succession (1740 – 1748) he joined the Habsburg
armed forces eager to achieve further military experience and glory. He
acquired skill and knowledge of small war tactics during his service in
Trenck’s Pandour Free Corps. After the war ended, he was awarded a position in
the far south of the Habsburg Monarchy, in the Croatian Military Frontier,
where he accustomed himself to the military skills of the Grenzer. Upon the
outbreak of the Seven Year’s War Laudon led a Grenzer corps to Bohemia where the
Habsburg forces were trying to prevent the advance of the Prussians. The events
which followed marked the start of Laudon’s rapid ascension within the military
hierarchy. Throughout the years he continued to achieve fame and renown by
performing numerous military endeavours which inflicted serious damage on the
Prussian supply lines making a significant impact on the course of the war in
favour of the Habsburg side. Laudon and the Grenzer also participated in major
battles, such as Hochkirch and Kunersdorf, as well as assaults on strongholds
such as Landeshut and Schweidnitz. The utilization of the unique fighting
skills of the Grenzer and small war tactics proved an important factor in
Laudon’s rise within the military circles of the Habsburg Monarchy.
The area of the municipality of Negotin, which belonged to the historically important area of Krajina, represented the polygon of intersection of migration flows of different intensity and ...directions. Studying the origins of the population enables us to understand the currently ethnic division of settlements created by the migrations and ethnic processes that influence the settlements which are the subject of this paper. This article aims to describe the migration flows that determined the origin of the population of the municipality of Negotin and the ethnic distribution of settlements. The results of anthropogeographic surveys conducted during the second and third decades of the 20th century, as well as ethnological research from the second half of the 20th century, can rightly be interpreted as supporting the claim that the origin of the population and the ethnic structure of settlements of the municipality of Negotin are largely the result of historical migration trends. Of the greatest importance for the ethnic distribution of population are its two migration flows. The first and the oldest migration flow from Kosovo and Metohija and stage areas for that migrant lineages (families who have a mutual ancestor) and the second and the most numerous migration flow is from Wallachia, in which the participating lineages of Serbian and Vlach origin which created conditions for further deepening of the differences between Serbian and Vlach settlements.
The central purpose of this paper is to analyze the participation of the people from Sinj and from Cetina Border in the Venetian overseas ground forces (infantry and cavalry units) in the 18th ...century. It analyzes the original source material kept in Archivio di Stato di Venezia – the lists of members of particular military units made by the competent magistracy (Inquisitori sopra l’amministrazione dei pubblici ruoli). The introduction provides general information on the Venetian overseas troops in Eastern Adriatic, while the central part of the paper analyzes the specific examples of the Sinj and Cetina Border soldiers in the Venetian ground forces. The analysis is focused on their overall numbers in the 18th century, the frequency of their mention in the sources, general information on their unit commanders, places of deployment, and some general characteristics of the soldiers of the period (age, stature etc.). The appendix to the paper contains a complete list of the people from Sinj and Cetina Border (based on the research carried out so far) recorded in the Venetian armed forces.
This study shows the link between land use, landscape changes, and ecosystem services. Two pilot areas were investigated for how land use changes from 1824 to 2013 affect the provision of ecosystem ...services. It was found that low-intensity managed traditional land use is disappearing due to the intensification of agricultural production on the one hand, and the retreat of agriculture from unfavorable areas on the other hand. However, such traditional land use contributes to more diverse and more numerous ecosystem services and helps preserve the cultural landscape. Therefore, intensification and overgrowth should be restricted, and less intensive agriculture should be encouraged. The approach presented can be used as a support tool for decision-making in managing and governing landscapes.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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