Koristeći se pristupom regionalne i lokalne povijesti u studiji se na primjeru Lovinačkog kraja u Lici analiziraju dramatične političko-društvene i kulturno-demografske preobrazbe izazvane osmanskom ...ekspanzijom u XVI. stoljeću. Ovaj kraj u svemu je dijelio sudbinu ostalih područja Like i Krbave koji su se našli na razmeđu suprotstavljenih imperija, stekavši tako karakter udaljene osmanske periferije i iskustvo „režima krajina“ koje će potrajati do duboko u XIX. stoljeće. Rad se primarno temelji na osmanskim izvorima, naročito poreznim katastarskim popisima za područje koje se od 1574. našlo u sastavu nahije Cvituša. Propituju se brojne dimenzije diskontinuiteta prouzročenih disolucijom krbavskog kneštva („zemlje Ivana Karlovića“) krajem XV. i početkom XVI. stoljeća te formiranjem vojno-upravnih struktura osmanskog „serhata“ u XVI. stoljeću. Analizira se kako su se navedeni dinamični procesi odrazili na lokalnom lovinačkom primjeru, posebice u kontekstu promjena naseljenosti, stanovništva i prostorne organizacije. Sagledavaju se osmanski planovi izgradnje fortifikacijskog sustava, kolonizacijske i fiskalne politike. Također se daje uvid u novonastali konfesionalni raspored i stanje vjerskih objekata.
In this article the author analyze the central attempt of a peaceful negotiation and ending of the war in Croatia (1991-1995) – the plan Z-4 (Zagreb-4), which was created and presented for the ...discussion to Croatian and Serbian sides in the second half of 1994 and at the beginning of 1995 by a team of international negotiator from the USA, Great Britain, Russian Federation and Germany with the main role of a US ambassador in Zagreb – Peter Galbraith. The prehistory of this peaceful plan, the process of his preparation and development, its content (it is reviewed profoundly and cautiously), authorship and as well as discussions around it implementation and outcomes of its failure are considered it this article. The special author’s attention is paid to difficulties that were constantly appearing during the creation of the plan Z-4, because of two major reasons, Firstly, they were connected with different views and positions of great powers that were included in a process of Croatian-Serbian normalization and peace negotiations. And secondly, the history of Z-4 was highly troublesome because of an enormous level of enmity between Croats and Serbs, between Croatian government and leaders of self-declared Republic of Serbian Krajina, who were directly supported by Belgrade and Serbian president Slobodan Milosevic. The author engaged original Croatian and other foreign materials – sources and literature, including the text of Z-4, various media and memoirs of the people, which were dealing with a development of this peaceful plan. According to all these materials the author comes to an outcome that the plan Z-4 could be an optimal solution from the Croatian-Serbian war, especially for the Serbian side: due to Z-4 Croatian Serbs would get a high level of territorial autonomy in areas where they composed an ethnic majority. Croatian government wasn’t content with such a prospect however it was ready to accept this peaceful plan. But Serbian side was very stubborn that led to the failure of Z-4 and to a military scenario (two major Croatian military operations in 1995) that eliminated Republic of Serbian Krajina at all.
Članak donosi pregled urbanističkog razvoja i izgradnje Vinkovaca od sredine 18. do sredine 19. stoljeća. Zamah u razvoju grada bio je potaknut proglašenjem Vinkovaca zapovjednim mjestom Brodske ...pukovnije 1747 godine., a potom i statusom vojnog komuniteta 1765. kojim su regulirani pravni odnosi i obveze vojnog i civilnog stanovništva. Vojnokrajiške su vlasti poduzele izgradnju velikog broja vojnih zgrada, u početku većinom oko glavnoga gradskog trga, gdje su podignute kuće pukovnika, brigadira, prvog i drugog bojnika, vojnog suca i glavna straža, no gradnja se nastavila tijekom čitave prve polovine 19. stoljeća, pri čemu je gotovo pedesetak zgrada bilo u funkciji vojne administracije. Taj intenzitet pratilo je i građenje civilnih građanskih kuća, trgovaca i obrtnika, mahom srpskog podrijetla, na prijelazu 18. u 19. stoljeće, koje su bile karakteristične po arkadnim trijemovima na pročeljima. U članku se pokušavaju odrediti osnovna prostorna i oblikovna obilježja ove arhitekture kojom je naposljetku i formirano današnje povijesno središte Vinkovaca.
This study presents the results of an in-depth study on landscape changes over the last two centuries in the region of Bela krajina, south-eastern Slovenia. Since this region is situated along the ...Slovenian–Croatian border, immigration and emigration are permanent fixtures in the region. Due to historical reasons, population structure and land use changes occurred. With regard to these processes, two case studies were selected: settlements of Adlešiči and Bojanci. Adlešiči is a village mainly inhabited by farmers of catholic religion. Bojanci was colonized by Orthodox Uskoki, i.e. refugees from Ottoman Empire who become Habsburg soldiers who lived a military life and had different attitude towards land cultivation. Landscapes in these two settlements have its own distinctive patterns contrasting to each other in the land use, showing historically distinctive cultural landscapes. The study aimed to interpret the development of cultural landscapes in these settlements by analysing the land use changes and identifying the factors that influenced it. Even though these sites have different management regimes, they are both affected by difficult karst terrain and isolation. The results confirmed the land abandonment and overgrowth of agricultural land in both case studies, however, at different rates.
This paper opens a new perspective of cooperation between linguists and a growing movie industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The authors have translated a Bosnian movie, I am from Krajina – the land ...of chestnut, an outline of turbulent Bosnian history in its very typical, western border-area, known as Krajina. The paper explores issues of translation of Bosnian culture into English, with an emphasis on translation problems and promotion of B&H culture in contemporary Bosnian movies.Throughtranslation analysis, the authors point at translation solutions based on the criterion of their source-language vs. target-language orientation.
V prispevku sta predstavljeni analiza in interpretacija posnetkov lidar površja slovenskega Krasa. Ugotovljeni so bile različne oblike in vzorci parcelacij, domnevno iz obdobja prazgodovine in ...antike. Ti so bili razvrščeni v skupine glede na obliko parcel in načina delitve zemlje. Narejen je bil poskus predstavitve njihovega sosledja ter s tem rekonstrukcija nastanka in razvoja kulturne krajine.
Banja Luka and 14 other municipalities of Bosnian Krajina (western Bosnia and Herzegovina) were hit by a series of strong earthquakes on October 26 and 27, 1969. The quake area had a population of ...over 750,000 in 803 settlements. The total estimated damage in the entire area affected by the earthquake amounted to 7,150 million dinars and there were also human losses. Assistance to the affected area came from all over the country and from abroad. Western countries (mostly the USA, Switzerland, Italy and FR Germany) sent money and goods of five times higher value than the socialist countries. The structure of international aid shows that it was almost exclusively conditioned by the prevailing political relations. Until 1974, the question of the amount of financial resources needed for reconstruction caused a political crisis in the relations between the Prime Minister Mitja Ribičič and the leadership of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, but also within the League of Communists of Bosnia and Herzegovina, where important personnel changes took place. Under pressure from the Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito, Bosnia and Herzegovina’s leadership has agreed to reduce the funds originally earmarked for reconstruction by one-third. This was opposed by old wartime communist cadre. This served the new, young leadership to remove Osman Karabegović, Avdo Humo, Hajro Kapetanović and Čedo Kapor from the political life. These officials opposed the confederalization of Yugoslavia and the strengthening of the statehood of the republics, which was insisted on by the new leadership, led by Branko Mikulić. The greatest intensity of reconstruction was immediately after the earthquake. At the beginning of 1976, the state settled its obligations to Bosnian Krajina.
The e-publication entitled Gradivo za topografijo Dolenjske, Posavja in Bele krajine v železni dobi ('Available evidence for the topography of the Dolenjska, Posavje and Bela krajina regions in the ...Iron Age', only in Slovenian) presents over six hundred sites in the three regions of south-eastern Slovenia that date from this distant period of the past. It is a database that upgrades the first register of Slovene archaeological heritage (Arheološka najdišča Slovenije), published in 1975 by the Institute of Archaeology at the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts. This register was created with the data then available in literature, while field surveys were only performed on select sites or areas. It was followed up by a project devoting to the archaeological topography of Slovenia (Arheološke topografije Slovenije), the main objective of which was to accurately map the already known sites, as well as to discover new ones. Of all the regions of Slovenia, only the updated topography of three regions was published, among them Bela krajina, which was an integral part of the Dolenjska community in the Early Iron Age.
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