Svay Ebihara, May Mayko; Mertha, Andrew C; Ledgerwood, Judy
02/2018
eBook
May Mayko Ebihara (1934-2005) was the first American anthropologist to conduct ethnographic research in Cambodia.Svayprovides a remarkably detailed picture of individual villagers and of Khmer social ...structure and kinship, agriculture, politics, and religion. The world Ebihara described would soon be shattered by Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge. Fifty percent of the villagers perished in the reign of terror, including those who had been Ebihara's adoptive parents and grandparents during her fieldwork. Never before published as a book, Ebihara's dissertation served as the foundation for much of our subsequent understanding of Cambodian history, society, and politics.
For the increasing development of type 2 diabetes dietary habits play an important role. In this regard, dietary supplements are of growing interest to influence the progression of this disease.
The ...aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a cascade-fermented dietary supplement based on fruits, nuts, and vegetables fortified with chromium and zinc on metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, intervention study under free-living conditions using a cross-over design. Thirty-six patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled and randomized either to receive a cascade-fermented dietary supplement enriched with chromium (100 µg/d) and zinc (15 mg/d) or a placebo similar in taste but without supplements, over a period of 12 weeks. After a wash-out period of 12 weeks, the patients received the other test product. The main outcome variable was the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA
1c
). Other outcome variables were fasting blood glucose, fructosamine, and lipid parameters.
Thirty-one patients completed the study. HbA
1c
showed no relevant changes during both treatment periods, nor was there a relevant difference between the two treatments (HbA
1c
: p=0.48). The same results were found for fructosamine and fasting glucose (fructosamine: p=0.9; fasting glucose: p=0.31). In addition, there was no effect on lipid metabolism.
This intervention study does not provide evidence that a cascade-fermented plant-based dietary supplement enriched with a combination of chromium and zinc improves glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus under free-living conditions.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, FSPLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Grace after Genocide is the first comprehensive ethnography of Cambodian refugees, charting their struggle to transition from life in agrarian Cambodia to survival in post-industrial America, while ...maintaining their identities as Cambodians. The ethnography contrasts the lives of refugees who arrived in America after 1975, with their focus on Khmer traditions, values, and relations, with those of their children who, as descendants of the Khmer Rouge catastrophe, have struggled to become Americans in a society that defines them as different. The ethnography explores America's mid-twentieth century involvement in Southeast Asia and its enormous consequences on multiple generations of Khmer refugees.
Celokupni krom v kvasni biomasi ni dober pokazatelj količine organsko vezanega oz. biološko aktivnega kroma. Namen študije je bil preizkusiti različne reagente za ekstrakcijo organsko vezanega kroma ...iz kvasnih celic in protoplastov ter optimizirati parametre ekstrakcije. Kvasovke Candida intermedia ZIM 156 smo namnoževali 12 oz. 22 ur pri 28 C v kemijsko definiranem gojišču z dodanim 1 mM CrCl3 oz. Na2Cr2O7 (20 ?M Cr6+). Izprane kvasne celice smo suspendirali v reagentih za ekstrakcijo (0,05 M EDTA, 0,7 M CH3COONa, 0,1 M NH3, 0,1 M Na4P2O7.10H2O) ter suspenzije inkubirali pri 28 C. Optimizirali smo čas ekstrakcije, mešanje med ekstrakcijo in koncentracijo suspenzije kvasovk v EDTA. Iz dela kvasnih celic smo pripravili protoplaste in iz njih ekstrahirali krom. Vsebnosti kroma v ekstraktih, celokupnega kroma v kvasni biomasi in kroma v protoplastih smo določili z atomsko absorpcijsko spektroskopijo. Na podlagi dobljenih rezultatov smo kot najprimernejši reagent za ekstrakcijo izbrali EDTA, najugodnejši čas ekstrakcije 21 ur, pri čemer stresanje ni potrebno. Iz rezultatov je tudi razvidno, da se z EDTA iz kvasnih celic ekstrahira približno enak delež kroma kot iz protoplastov, kar velja za obe uporabljeni kromovi spojini v gojišču. Ne moremo pa zaključiti, ali je bil krom, ekstrahiran iz protoplastov, intracelularnega izvora ali je bil vezan v celičnih membranah. Zato bi bilo potrebno v nadaljnjih raziskavah natančneje določiti lastnosti ekstraktov z EDTA, predvsem identificirati spojine, na katere je vezan krom.
This article examines the views of modern Russian scholars A. Dvornichenko, M. Krom, A. Filyushkin, and S. Mikhalchenko on the pre-revolutionary and Soviet historiography of medieval Lithuania. ...Chronological problem analysis constitutes the methodological framework of the study. Special attention is paid to the priorities of the Russian scholars in the analysis of the pre-revolutionary and Soviet Lithuanian studies. It is shown that the disintegration of the Soviet Union marked a new period in research on the historiography of medieval Lithuania. The activation of historical and historiographical studies was a result of a revision of views of Lithuanian past. The authors believe that modern historiography exhibits a “nostalgic” attitude to pre-revolutionary works, while the reception of the later, Soviet-era publications is more critically inclined. Post-Soviet historians do not restrict themselves by describing previous historiography: they also consider factors behind the change in the attitudes to Lithuani an past. Thus, the scholars pay special attention to studying the connection between the political situation and the evolution of the views of Russian scholars on the events of Lithuanian history.
This article examines the views of modern Russian scholars A. Dvornichenko, M. Krom, A. Filyushkin, and S. Mikhalchenko on the pre-revolutionary and Soviet historiography of medieval Lithuania. ...Chronological problem analysis constitutes the methodological framework of the study. Special attention is paid to the priorities of the Russian scholars in the analysis of the pre-revolutionary and Soviet Lithuanian studies. It is shown that the disintegration of the Soviet Union marked a new period in research on the historiography of medieval Lithuania. The activation of historical and historiographical studies was a result of a revision of views of Lithuanian past. The authors believe that modern historiography exhibits a “nostalgic” attitude to pre-revolutionary works, while the reception of the later, Soviet-era publications is more critically inclined. Post-Soviet historians do not restrict themselves by describing previous historiography: they also consider factors behind the change in the attitudes to Lithuani an past. Thus, the scholars pay special attention to studying the connection between the political situation and the evolution of the views of Russian scholars on the events of Lithuanian history.
In this work, the sorption capacity of a bone-based activated carbon for the Black Krom KJR dye removal was investigated in a batch system. Preliminary sorption tests were performed in order to ...assess the effects of initial pH, sorption temperature, stirring speed and the particle size on the sorption process. The most reliable conditions were used to perform the kinetic and equilibrium tests in duplicate. From the kinetic sorption experiments, an equilibrium time of 24 h was achieved with a sorption capacity of 53 mg·g-1. Kinetic dye sorption data was well represented by both the pseudo second order and Elovich models. Among used isotherm models, the Langmuir model exhibited best fit to the equilibrium sorption data, showing a maximum sorption capacity value of 154±8 mg·g-1 and affinity constant value of 0.0114±0.0012 g·L-1, respectively. Based on these results, it is remarkable the great potential exhibited by the bone-based activated carbon adsorbent for its application in industrial wastewater treatment systems.
Proses pelapisan Krom merupakan proses akhir atau tahap penyelesaian pada kebanyakan pembuatan komponen agar tidak cepat aus, seperti pada poros, pasak, ring piston, silinder, bearing dan crank ...shaft. Bahan spesimen yang digunakan adalah Baja St 60 (C 0.40%; Mn 7%; Si 0.28%; P+S 0.09%; Fe 98,53%) dengan variasi tegangan listrik 4 volt, 6 volt, 8 volt, dan variasi waktu elektroplating Krom keras 30 menit, 45 menit, 60 menit. Pengujian yang dilakukan dengan pengukuran ketebalan lapisan menggunakan skala foto mikro dan menghitung ketebalan lapisan permukaan .Dari hasil penelitian ditunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi tegangan listrik (volt) yang di gunakan dan semakin lama waktu pelapisan Krom keras maka semakin meningkat ketebalan lapisannya. Ketebalan lapisan permukaan yang paling tinggi didapatkan pada tegangan 8 volt dengan waktu pelapisan 60 menit dengan ketebalan lapisannya sebesar 89,37 ?m sedangkan ketebalan lapisan permukaan paling rendah didapat pada tegangan 4 volt dengan waktu pelapisan 30 menit ketebalan lapisannya sebesar 20,18 ?m.
Penelitian pemanfaatan kitosan termodifikasi asam askorbat sebagai adsorben ion logam berat, yaitu besi (III) dan kromium (III) telah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh kitosan ...termodifikasi asam askorbat, menentukan pH optimum adsorpsi ion Fe(III) dan Cr(III) oleh kitosan termodifikasi asam askorbat dengan variasi pH adsorpsi, serta menentukan kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum kitosan termodifikasi asam askorbat terhadap ion logam Fe(III) dan Cr(III). Derajat deasetilasi kitosan diperoleh menggunakan FTIR. Berat molekul kitosan dihitung menggunakan persamaan Mark-Houwink. Uji kelarutan kitosan dilakukan menggunakan CH3COOH, HNO3 dan HCl. Morfologi permukaan kitosan dikarakterisasi dengan SEM. Adsorpsi ion logam Fe (III) dan Cr (III) dilakukan dalam larutan pH 2-6 dengan melakukan variasi konsentrasi ion logam adalah 50; 100; 150; 200 dan 250 ppm. Ion logam Fe(III) dan Cr (III) yang tidak terserap dianalisis dengan SSA. Penentuan kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum dilakukan dengan menggunakan persamaan isotherm Langmuir. Dari data penelitian diperoleh derajat deasetilasi kitosan adalah 64,74% dan berat molekul sebesar 39966,85 g/mol. Hasil uji kelarutan terhadap kitosan termodifikasi asam askorbat menggunakan asam-asam encer seperti CH3COOH, HNO3 dan HCl menunjukkan kitosan termodifikasi asam askorbat relatif tidak larut terhadap asam-asam encer dibandingkan dengan kitosan beads. Morfologi permukaan kitosan termodifikasi asam askorbat menunjukkan adanya pori yang menyebar dan tidak beraturan. pH optimum adsorpsi untuk ion logam Fe(III) pada pH 4 dan ion logam Cr(III) pada pH 3. Kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum Fe(III) sebesar 12,658 mg/g dan 13,157 mg/g untuk logam Cr(III)
Krom (Cr), endüstrideki yaygın kullanımı nedeniyle ciddi bir kirletici durumuna gelmiştir. Özellikle Cr+6 formunun Cr+3 formundan daha toksik olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, sucul bir ...bitki olan Ceratophyllum demersum L.'nin Cr+6' ya karşı oluşturduğu biyolojik cevabın incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. C. demersum örnekleri 6 gün boyunca 1, 5 ve 10 mM Cr (K2Cr2O7)'a maruz bırakılmıştır. Cr akümülasyonu, bitki büyümesi, lipit peroksidasyonu, iyon kaçışı, fotosentetik pigmentasyon, protein ve prolin içeriğinin konsantrasyona bağlı değişimleri incelenmiştir. C. demersum'un önemli miktarda Cr'u akümüle edebildiği belirlenmiştir. En yüksek Cr konsantrasyonu, 10 mM Cr uygulamasında 19.6 mmol g-1 (kuru ağırlık) olarak bulunmuştur. Genel olarak, Cr akümülasyonuna karşı C. demersum büyüme oranı ve fotosentetik pigmentasyonda azalma; iyon kaçışı, lipit peroksidasyonunda ise artış ile cevap vermiştir. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular, sucul bitkiler kullanılarak kirletilmiş suların arıtımı çalışmaları için faydalı olabilir. Anahtar kelimeler: Ceratophyllum demersum, krom, büyüme oranı, lipid peroksidasyonu Biological Responses of Ceratophyllum demersum L. Exposed to Chromium (Cr+6) Due to its widespread industrial use, chromium (Cr) has become a serious pollutant. In particular, the hexavalent form of the metal, Cr+6, is considered a more toxic species than the Cr+3 form. The objective of the present study is to investigate biological responses of Ceratophyllum demersum L., which is an aquatic plant, against chromium exposure. C. demersum samples were exposed to 1, 5, and 10 mM of Cr (K2Cr2O7) for 6 days. The accumulation of Cr, plant growth, lipid peroxidation, ion leakage, photosynthetic pigmentation, protein and proline content was examined depending on concentration changes. It was determined that C. demersum could accumulate considerable amounts of Cr. The highest Cr accumulation value was observed as 19.6 mmol g-1 (dry weight) at 10 mM Cr application. In general, growth rate and photosynthetic pigmentation decreased as a response to Cr accumulation whereas ion leakage, lipid peroxidation increased. The findings of the present study may be useful for phytoremediation of polluted water using aquatic plants. Key words: Ceratophyllum demersum, chromium, growth rate, lipid peroxidation
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