The main research objective of the article is to show the evolution of Switzerland’s neutrality after the Cold War. Based on the analysis of internal and external conditions, the thesis is formulated ...that in the conceptual sphere, Switzerland refers to the traditional principles of perpetual neutrality, both in official positions as well as political rhetoric. This aspect clearly distinguishes it from the neutral and non-aligned European Union states. At the same time, in the realm of implementation, it is actually shifting to positions of non-alignment/post-neutrality. The main components of the redefinition of neutrality materialised in the form of a rejection of the principles of the so-called economic neutrality as well as a change of attitude towards armed conflicts. Their implementation opened up opportunities for participation in the process of European integration and a broader commitment to international solidarity as well as management crises. It was in line with the expectations of the international community. The lack of consequences was critically assessed as well as the main barriers to the implementation of the principles of the new concept of neutrality in the 1990s. The beginning of the 21st century brings a clear stabilisation of Helvetic neutrality, including changes in the field of cooperative security policy. Joining the European Union’s sanctions against Russia confirms the continuity of the assumptions of the post-Cold War concept of neutrality.
SZWAJCARIA W EUROPIE REBES, Marcin
Politeja,
06/2023, Letnik:
20, Številka:
82
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The article examines the origins and transformation of direct democracy in Switzerland and discusses this problem against the wider background of strong connection of Switzerland to the tradition of ...both Germanic and Romance culture. The political system of direct democracy has grown out of the need to deal effectively with linguistic, cultural and identity conflicts within multicultural societal matrix. I aim at examining how – out of the original confederations and the subsequent differentiation of the cantons – the very idea of a federation emerged. More specifically, how the culture of compromise became the standard modus operandi in Switzerland. In philosophical terms, the tension between the freedom of the individual, the canton, and democracy, the federation, i.e. between the individual and the collective, plays a key role here. The article consists of two parts. First, I tackle the problem of the mechanism of community building along the lines of Swiss formula of “unity in diversity.” Secondly, I discuss how did the Swiss citizens internalise the idea of belonging to the community of the confederation established on the model of direct democracy.
CULTURAL ISSUES IN SWISS REFERENDA BETWEEN 2000 AND 2021 Switzerland is one of few countries where popular referenda are an integral part of political life. These can be held on a variety of issues. ...Out of 186 proposals voted in the country between 2000 and 2021, this article analyses 17 related to culture in its broadest sense. The chosen examples include both specific issues as well as those fundamental to society, such as the right to abortion or the legal status of same-sex marriage. Typically, votes on cultural issues do not draw much public interest. The turnout rarely exceeds 50%, leaving decisions which affect the whole society to a minority of those eligible to vote. It should be stressed that, in some cases, referenda on cultural issues are a clear example of positivist belief that law is man-made.
DROGA DO DOMU BOBULA, Joanna
Politeja,
01/2023
83
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Along with gaining independence, in Ukraine festival tendencies were revived, including theatrical art: the exchange of experiences has been intensified, tendencies to present social- and historical ...topics forbidden during the USSR times along with the search for new means of bringing theatrical art closer to the audience became more visible and prominent. In the early 1990s, festival movement became key to Ukrainian theatre’s revival, enabling its adaptation to the new socio-political, economic and cultural reality. The aim of the article is to present the GogolFest festival in the context of various directions of the festival movement after 1991. The idea and initiative to create this multidisciplinary project came from the director, producer and artistic manager of the ‘Dach’ Center for Contemporary Art. As a result, activities of GogolFest and its evolution have a broader culture-forming scope: through the integration of various fields of art and creators, they aim at modernizing Ukraine in the space of art. This, in turn, is the basic condition of forming or increasing the awareness and conducting social discussion on current and historical topics brought by the reality of contemporary Ukraine.
Dość dużą popularnością na współczesnych kursach języka polskiego cieszy się zintegrowane nauczanie języka i kultury, o czym świadczą liczne publikacje, które służą właśnie temu celowi. W niniejszym ...artykule omawiamy założenia projektu Lubimy Lublin, który także łączy testowanie i rozwijanie sprawności komunikacyjnych z przekazywaniem wiedzy o lokalnej kulturze. Projekt odznacza się multimodalnym charakterem, obejmując filmy oraz związane z nimi zadania językowe o bogatej szacie graficznej. Projekt jest silnie zakorzeniony w metodyce nauczania języka polskiego jako obcego, a zarazem może dostarczać inspiracji do opracowywania kolejnych filmowo-tekstowych lekcji, które będą służyły nauczaniu języka i kultury.
W artykule podjęto próbę prezentacji magazynu „Kultura Wsi. Ludzie. Wydarzenia. Przemiany” i przyporządkowania go do określonego typu prasy. Przeanalizowano zawartość periodyku pod kątem założonych ...przez redakcję funkcji. W badaniach dążono również do uchwycenia wizerunku współczesnej wsi polskiej, wyłaniającego się z tekstów zamieszczonych na łamach pisma. Starano się także odpowiedzieć na pytanie dotyczące przyczyn upadku tytułu.
‘Fizička kultura i etika’ ‘Physical Culture and Ethics’ by Assistant Professor Miloš Marković, PhD, was published in the 2019 edition of ‘Biblioteka Dissertatio’ by the publisher ‘Zadudžbina ...Andrejević’ in Belgrade after its manuscript won the national competition. This fact alone is a clear external proof of the value of this book, and we will show a number of other arguments that make this book especially valuable and important
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