Our modern legal system is based on the principle of equality. But is equality perhaps not also a concept that inadequately describes the complexity of normative orders? Highly differentiated ...societies with a multitude of collective identities and functional rationalities are in a permanent state of tension with this legal postulate. The contributions to this volume examine how this tension has developed in Europe and Latin America over the last 200 years
Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ZIS fund distribution program in the form of school operational assistance in SMA Terbuka assisted by LAZ Zakat Sukses, ...Depok.Design/Method/Approach: There are 4 variables that can measure the level of effectiveness in this study. Among other things, the accuracy of program targets, program socialization, program objectives, and program monitoring. The four variables fall into the range of effective value scales. That is, accuracy of program targets: 3.13. program socialization: 3.25. program objectives: 3.11. program monitoring: 2.94. Findings: The final result of the program effectiveness level score shows a value of 3.11 .Meaning that the value is in the range of effective scales. In general, the distribution of ZIS funds in the form of operational assistance in SMA Terbuka assisted by LAZ Zakat Sukses of Depok City has been effective.Originality/Values: This study contributes extensively in introducing a measurement of how the efectivity of ZIS distribustion, especially in Terbuka Senior High School which maintained by LAZ Sukses, Depok
ABSTRACT
Objectives:
Striking histopathological overlap between distinct but related conditions poses a disease diagnostic challenge. There is a major clinical need to develop computational methods ...enabling clinicians to translate heterogeneous biomedical images into accurate and quantitative diagnostics. This need is particularly salient with small bowel enteropathies; environmental enteropathy (EE) and celiac disease (CD). We built upon our preliminary analysis by developing an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based image analysis platform utilizing deep learning convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for these enteropathies.
Methods:
Data for the secondary analysis was obtained from three primary studies at different sites. The image analysis platform for EE and CD was developed using CNNs including one with multizoom architecture. Gradient‐weighted class activation mappings (Grad‐CAMs) were used to visualize the models’ decision‐making process for classifying each disease. A team of medical experts simultaneously reviewed the stain color normalized images done for bias reduction and Grad‐CAMs to confirm structural preservation and biomedical relevance, respectively.
Results:
Four hundred and sixty‐one high‐resolution biopsy images from 150 children were acquired. Median age (interquartile range) was 37.5 (19.0–121.5) months with a roughly equal sex distribution; 77 males (51.3%). ResNet50 and shallow CNN demonstrated 98% and 96% case‐detection accuracy, respectively, which increased to 98.3% with an ensemble. Grad‐CAMs demonstrated models’ ability to learn different microscopic morphological features for EE, CD, and controls.
Conclusions:
Our AI‐based image analysis platform demonstrated high classification accuracy for small bowel enteropathies which was capable of identifying biologically relevant microscopic features and emulating human pathologist decision‐making process. Grad‐CAMs illuminated the otherwise “black box” of deep learning in medicine, allowing for increased physician confidence in adopting these new technologies in clinical practice.
HIV‐exposed and HIV‐uninfected (HEU) infants may be at increased risk of poor health and growth outcomes. We characterized infant growth trajectories in a cohort of HEU infants to identify factors ...associated with healthy growth. HIV‐positive women participating in prevention of mother‐to‐child HIV transmission programmes in Kigali, Rwanda, were followed until their infants were 2 years old. Infant anthropometrics were regularly collected. Latent class analysis was used to categorize infant growth trajectories. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of infants belonging to each growth trajectory class. On average, this population of HEU infants had moderate linear growth faltering, but only modest faltering in weight, resulting in mean weight‐for‐length z‐score (WLZ) above the World Health Organization (WHO) median. Mean WLZ was 0.53, and mean length‐for‐age z‐score (LAZ) was −1.14 over the first 2 years of life. We identified four unique WLZ trajectories and seven trajectories in LAZ. Low neonatal weight‐for‐age and a high rate of illness increased the likelihood that infants were in the lightest WLZ class. Shorter mothers were more likely to have infants with linear growth faltering. Female infants who were older at the end of exclusive breastfeeding were more likely to be in the second tallest LAZ class. In conclusion, the current WHO recommendations of Option B+ and extended breastfeeding may induce higher WLZ and lower LAZ early in infancy. However, there is considerable heterogeneity in growth patterns that is obscured by simply analysing average growth trends, necessitating the analysis of growth in subpopulations.
: Late-onset retinal degeneration (L-ORD) is a rare autosomal dominant retinal dystrophy related to
gene variants.
: Twenty-six patients (21-81 years) with L-ORD due to c.562C>A p.(Pro188Thr) with a ...mean follow-up time of 8 years (range 1-37 years) underwent an extensive ophthalmic work-up.
: Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and visual fields were maintained up to 50 to 55 years (n = 8), with a gradual decline, but conservation of functional central vision between 55 to 65 years (n = 15), followed by a steep decrease in overall visual function beyond 65 years (n = 9). Classic anterior segment findings in L-ORD of abnormally long, anteriorly inserted lens zonules were absent in most patients (n = 24/26). In contrast, findings of iris transillumination and sphincter pupillae atrophy with poor dilation were novel. Patients presented with three completely different initial fundus phenotypes: adjoining pavingstone-like atrophic patches (type 1) (n = 6/20); tiny yellow-white subretinal dots (type 2) (n = 8/20); or larger yellow, thick, round sub-RPE drusenoid deposits (type 3) (n = 4/20). Two patients had a mixed phenotype. Although different in presentation phenotype, patients eventually all progressed to a common panretinal atrophy with diffuse intraretinal pigment migration beyond the age of 65. Progression pace, and thus visual prognosis, differed depending on presentation phenotype. Specifically, type 2 appears to have a more benign course.
: Phenotypic analysis showed three distinct presenting phenotypes with a considerable intrafamilial variability both in age of onset of clinical signs and in disease progression, with a fair visual potential (>20/40) until the seventh decade.
L-ORD: Late-onset retinal degeneration; C1QTNF5: complement 1Q tumor necrosis factor 5; OCT: Ocular coherence tomography; BCVA: Best-corrected visual acuity; RPE: Retinal pigment epithelium; ffERG: Full-field electroretinography; IRD: Inherited retinal dystrophy; CNV: Choroidal neovascularization; LAZ: Long anteriorly inserted zonules; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; IOP: Intraocular pressure; cSLO: confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy; BAF: Blue light autofluorescence; NIR-AF: Near-infrared autofluorescence; NIR-R: Near-infrared reflectance; RF: Red-free; SD-OCT: Spectral domain ocular coherence tomography; HRR: Hardy-Rand-Rittler pseudo-isochromatic plates; AS: anterior segment; UBM: ultrasound biomicroscopy; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; SNP: Single nucleotide polymorphism; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; IZ: Interdigitation zone; EZ: Ellipsoid zone; ELM: External limiting membrane; LP: Light perception; AMD: Age-related macular degeneration; SFD: Sorsby fundus dystrophy.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This tale of great achievements and great disappointments offers a fresh perspective on the interplay between scholarship and political sentiment in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
...Lazăr Șăineanu (1859-1934), linguist and folklorist, was a pioneer in his native Romania, seeking out the popular elements in culture along with high literary ones. He was the first to publish a study of Yiddish as a genuine language, and he uncovered Turkish features in Romanian language and customs. He also made an index of hundreds of Romanian folktales. Yet when he sought Romanian citizenship and a professorship, he was blocked by powerful figures who thought Jews could not be Romanians and who fancied the origins of Romanian culture to be wholly Latin. Faced with anti-Semitism, some of his friends turned to Zionism. Instead he tried baptism, which brought him only mockery and shame.
Hoping to find a polity to which he could belong, Șăineanu moved with his family to Paris in 1900 and became Lazare Sainéan. There he made innovative studies of French popular speech and slang, culminating in his great work on the origins of that language. Once again, he was contributing to the development of a national tongue. Even then, while welcomed by literary scholars, Sainéan was unable to get a permanent university post. Though a naturalized citizen of France, he felt himself a foreigner, an “intruder,” into his old age.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan penerapan prinsip komunikasi Islam sahabat pendidikan LAZ (Lembaga Amil Zakat) UA (Ulil Albab) dalam proses pemberdayaan program peserta beasiswa untuk kaum ...duafa di kota Medan. Alasan yang mendasar diangkatnya permasalahan ini oleh peneliti, karena LAZ UA mampu memberikan proses pembinaan dan pemberdayaan kepada para remaja dalam usia masa sekolah yang terancam putus sekolah dikarenakan faktor kemiskinan. Peran sebagai agent of change dilakukan UA dalam proses pemberdayaan peserta beasiswa dari kalangan duafa bukan hanya memberikan bantuan materil namun juga moril melalui pembinaan karakter dengan menerapkan prinsip-prinsip komunikasi Islam.Metode penelitian dan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif.Subjek kajian adalah pimpinan LAZ UA. Lokasi penelitian berpusat di kantor yayasan UA Jalan Brigjed. Katamso No. 11 Medan dan di pusat kegiatan pembinaan dan pemberdayaan peserta beasiswa di Mesjid Taqwa Jalan Mongonsidi Gang A No. 43 Medan. Instrumen kajian adalah peneliti utama sendiri dan dibantu beberapa anggota peneliti dari kalangan mahasiswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sementara analisis data dilakukan dengan reduksi (reduction) data, penyajian data (data display) dan tahapan terakhir yang dilakukan adalah konklusi data dan verifikasi atau disebut dengan penarikan kesimpulan.Hasilpenelitian ini,penerapan prinsip komunikasi Islam berjalan dengan efektif.
Background:
For the optimal nutrition of children under 2 years of age, it is considered important that they be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months before being given complementary food.
...Aims and Objectives:
A cross-sectional nutritional baseline survey was undertaken in 2011 in the Kasungu and Mzimba Districts of Malawi to assess the nutritional status of children under 2 years of age and its determinants in order to prepare a nutrition education intervention programme. The intention of this study was to assess the nutritional status of infants aged 0-<6 months with regard to food intake.
Methods:
Interviews were conducted on randomly selected families with children under 2 years; anthropometric measurements were obtained from mothers and their children. Only infants between 0 and <6 months were selected for analysis (n = 196). An ANCOVA test was performed on age of the infant with mothers' height and weight as covariates.
Results:
Prevalence of stunting (infants' length-for-age Z-score (LAZ) <−2SD) was 39%, wasting (WLZ <−2SD) 2%, and underweight (WAZ <−2SD) 13%. Of the infants under 6 months, 43% were exclusively breastfed. Predominant breastfeeding and mixed breastfeeding were less common (21% and 36%, respectively). The ANCOVA confirmed the association between exclusive breastfeeding and LAZ and WAZ: exclusively breastfed infants had a higher mean (SE) LAZ (−1·13, 0·12) and WAZ (−0·41, 0·13) than infants not being exclusively breastfed (−1·59, 0·11, and −0·97, 0·11, respectively). There was no overall significant association between breastfeeding practice and WLZ.
Conclusion:
Exclusive breastfeeding of infants under 6 months is associated with higher mean LAZ and WAZ. Promotion of exclusive breastfeeding in low-income countries is important in preventing growth retardation.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Lipid-modified cupredoxin azurin (Laz) is involved in electron transport in
and proposed to act as an electron donor to the surface-displayed nitrite reductase AniA. We identified Laz in
cell ...envelopes and naturally elaborated membrane vesicles in proteomic investigations focused on discovering new vaccine and therapeutic targets for this increasingly difficult to treat pathogen. Its surface exposure in
suggested Laz could be a vaccine candidate for
. Here we characterized the localization, expression, and role of Laz within the gonococcal cell envelope and challenged the hypothesis that Laz and AniA interact. While we demonstrate that Laz indeed shows some good features of a vaccine antigen, such as stable expression, high conservation, and ability to elicit antibodies that cross-react with a diverse panel of
, it is not a surface-displayed lipoprotein in the gonococcus. This discovery eliminates Laz as a gonorrhea vaccine candidate, further highlighting the necessity of examining homologous protein localization between closely related species. Absence of Laz slightly altered cell envelope integrity but was not associated with growth defects
, including during anoxia, implicating the presence of other electron pathways to AniA. To further dissect the implied AniA-Laz interaction, we utilized biolayer interferometry and optimized and executed chemical cross-linking coupled with immunoblotting to covalently link interacting protein partners in living gonococci. This method, applied for the first time in
research to interrogate protein complexes, was validated by the appearance of the trimer form of AniA, as well as by increased formation of the β-barrel assembly machinery complex, in the presence of cross-linker. We conclude that Laz is not an electron donor to AniA based on their distinct subcellular localization, discordant expression during infection of the female mouse lower genital tract, and lack of interaction
and
A double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted to determine the effects of prevention of zinc deficiency on cognitive and sensorimotor development during infancy. At 6 mo of age, infants ...were randomly assigned to be administered a daily liquid supplement containing 10 mg/d of zinc (zinc sulfate), 10 mg/d of iron (ferrous sulfate), and 0.5 mg/d of copper (copper oxide), or an identical daily liquid supplement containing only 10 mg/d of iron and 0.5 mg/d of copper. Various controls were implemented to ensure adherence to the supplement protocol. A battery of developmental assessments was administered from 6 to 18 mo of age that included a visual habituation/recognition memory task augmented with heart rate at 6, 9, and 12 mo of age; the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 2nd edition (BSID2) at 6, 12, and 18 mo; the A-not-B error task at 9 and 12 mo; and free-play attention tasks at 12 and 18 mo. Only infants supplemented with zinc had the normative decline in look duration from 6 to 12 mo during habituation and a normative decline in shifting between objects on free-play multiple-object attention tasks from 12 to 18 mo of age. The 2 groups did not differ on any of the psychophysiologic indices, the BSID2, or the A-not-B error task. The findings are consistent with zinc supplementation supporting a profile of normative information processing and active attentional profiles during the first 2 y of life. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00589264.
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