Neisseria gonorrhoeae colonizes the genitourinary track, and in these environments, especially in the female host, the bacteria are subjected to low levels of oxygen, and reactive oxygen and nitrosyl ...species. Here, the biochemical characterization of N. gonorrhoeae Laz is presented, as well as, the solution structure of its soluble domain determined by NMR. N. gonorrhoeae Laz is a type 1 copper protein of the azurin-family based on its spectroscopic properties and structure, with a redox potential of 277±5mV, at pH7.0, that behaves as a monomer in solution. The globular Laz soluble domain adopts the Greek-key motif, with the copper center located at one end of the β-barrel coordinated by Gly48, His49, Cys113, His118 and Met122, in a distorted trigonal geometry. The edge of the His118 imidazole ring is water exposed, in a surface that is proposed to be involved in the interaction with its redox partners. The heterologously expressed Laz was shown to be a competent electron donor to N. gonorrhoeae cytochrome c peroxidase. This is an evidence for its involvement in the mechanism of protection against hydrogen peroxide generated by neighboring lactobacilli in the host environment.
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•Neisseria gonorrhoeae Laz solution structure has the typical β-barrel fold.•Laz is a specific electron donor to Neisseria cytochrome c peroxidase.•Laz is a type 1 copper protein by visible and EPR spectroscopies.•Neisseria gonorrhoeae Laz can be heterologously produced in the holo-form.
This paper gives an overview of the means of expression which are used in descriptions of spatial scenes in Laz. With motion verbs, Laz uses the satellite-framed strategy with motion-manner ...conflation in the verbal root. Path information is given in preverbal satellites. With respect to locative expressions it belongs to the multi-verb-type languages. Hence, considering the lexical properties of the verb roots, Laz is a rather ordinary language. However, with respect to the semantics of its spatial case system and the semantics of the satellites, i.e. its system of spatial preverbs, it will be shown that Laz is typologically rather unusual.
This study aims to explore experiences of two big LAZs in Indonesia, namely Lazis Based on Islamic Organization X and Rumah Zakat in complying requirements as a good governance Lazis, with reference ...to Religion Ministerial Decree (Keputusan Menteri Agama/KMA) 333/2015 about Guidance on Giving Permit Establishment of Amil Zakat Institute and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (PSAK) No. 109 on Accounting for Zakat and Infak/Alms. Specifically, this study was conducted with interview and observation techniques. Object observations are: Legality, Organizational Structure, Human Resource Quality, Work Program Planning, Implementation Work, Data Management, and Reporting. This study indicate hat there are several points of the requirements that become obstacles, namely: Registered as an Islamic social institution that manages the field of education, da'wah and social or institutional bodies law, Having a planned program plan and trstruktur, Have the technical, administrative and financial skills to carry out its activities, Have state health insurance (BPJS) and employment or other insurance for its employees, and able to raise funds at least 50 billion for LAZNAS. From the various obstacles that arise, the two LAZ has a similar pattern in solving them, namely by adopting the practice of New Public Management for the management and governance of Lazis can run well. In addition, synergy with various parties, such as academics and NGOs, and utilize the progress of information technology by building an e-donation system to optimize the collection of zakat and infaq potentials from various regions in Indonesia. The results of this study are expected to be an input for other LAZ in improving the quality of management and governance, especially related to the filing of legality to the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Indonesia regulated in KMA 333 2015.
Zakat merupakan kewajiban yang harus ditunaikan oleh seorang hamba atas hartanya untuk dibagihkan kepada orang yang berhak menerimanya. Amalan ini merupakan sebagai tanda kesempurnaan Islam seorang ...mukmin. Harta zakat tersebut agar lebih bermanfaat disalurkan melalui amil zakat atau lembaga Amil Zakat. Lembaga Amil Zakat yang diakui secara Hukum Positif berdasarkan UU No.23 Thn 2012 di Pekanbaru diantaranya adalah Lembaga Amil Zakat (LAZ) Swadayah Ummah. LAZ Swadayah Ummah Pekanbaru tetap akses operasinya tidak terlepas dengan kekuatan pendanaaan. Pendirian LAZ beropersi dalam bidang social keagamaan yang program utamanya seperti menghimpun, mendistribusikan dan memberdayakan harta zakat, wakaf, hibah, aqiqah, qurban dan dana social dari masyarakat lainnya. Harta yang telah terhimpun pada LAZ Swadayah Ummah didistribusikan kepada sasaran sesuai dengan tujuan penggunaan harta. Harta Zakat disalurkan dengan Model konsumtif dan produktif. Pendistribusian zakat konsumtif seperti untuk memenuhi keperluan hidup bagi pakir, miskin dan muallaf, ibnu sabil, kost dan peralat sekolah pelajar fakir dan miskin. Serta di distribusian pada model Produktif seperti, pemberian Modal kerja, Modal atau peralatan niaga, modal bibit pertanian, Modal Peternakan hewan bagi mustahik dan lainnya. Sedangkan Harta aqiqah, qurban, waqaf dan social lainnya disalurkan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku. Bantuan harta zakat yang diterima masyarakat berpotensi untuk memenuhi keperluan hidup dan meningkatkan sosioekonomi umat.
How Americans came to fear street crime too much—and corporate crime too little How did the United States go from being a country that tries to rehabilitate street criminals and prevent white-collar ...crime to one that harshly punishes common lawbreakers while at the same time encouraging corporate crime through a massive deregulation of business? Why do street criminals get stiff prison sentences, a practice that has led to the disaster of mass incarceration, while white-collar criminals, who arguably harm more people, get slaps on the wrist—if they are prosecuted at all? In Who Are the Criminals?, one of America's leading criminologists provides new answers to these vitally important questions by telling how the politicization of crime in the twentieth century transformed and distorted crime policymaking and led Americans to fear street crime too much and corporate crime too little.John Hagan argues that the recent history of American criminal justice can be divided into two eras--the age of Roosevelt (roughly 1933 to 1973) and the age of Reagan (1974 to 2008). A focus on rehabilitation, corporate regulation, and the social roots of crime in the earlier period was dramatically reversed in the later era. In the age of Reagan, the focus shifted to the harsh treatment of street crimes, especially drug offenses, which disproportionately affected minorities and the poor and resulted in wholesale imprisonment. At the same time, a massive deregulation of business provided new opportunities, incentives, and even rationalizations for white-collar crime—and helped cause the 2008 financial crisis and subsequent recession.The time for moving beyond Reagan-era crime policies is long overdue, Hagan argues. The understanding of crime must be reshaped and we must reconsider the relative harms and punishments of street and corporate crimes. In a new afterword, Hagan assesses Obama's policies regarding the punishment of white-collar and street crimes and debates whether there is any evidence of a significant change in the way our country punishes them.
POSSESSOR DATIVES IN PAZAR LAZ Öztürk, Balkiz
Revue roumaine de linguistique,
01/2019, Letnik:
64, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The aim of this paper is to analyze the internal structure of possessor dative constructions in Pazar Laz. We will argue that possessor datives constitute high applicatives in terms of Pylkkänen ...(2008)'s criteria. We will further show that they do not pattern with raising possessor applicatives found in languages like Hebrew or German (Landau 1999 and Lee-Schoenfeld 2005), but they are benefactive/malefactive arguments of the verb which acquire the possessive reading by binding an anaphoric element in the possessee in the lines of Borer and Grodzinsky (1986).
In this study, the problem of input–output finite-time stabilisation of linear time-varying systems is dealt with. The classical definition of input-output finite-time stability (IO-FTS) is extended ...to that one of structured IO-FTS, which allows to incorporate, in the definition of the stabilisation problem, some amplitude constraints on the control input variables. A sufficient condition and a necessary and sufficient condition for structured IO finite-time stabilisation are provided in the case of L∞ and L2 inputs, respectively. Such conditions require the existence of a solution to a certain differential linear matrix inequality. The theory is applied to design the active suspension control system for a two-degree-of-freedom quarter-car model.
This study is concerned with an L∞ filtering problem for non-linear systems with persistent bounded disturbances and intermittent measurements. The non-linear plant is represented by the ...Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy model that is employed to approximate the non-linear dynamic systems. The system measurements may be unavailable at any sample time and the probability of the occurrence of missing data is assumed to be known. In this study, to design the L∞ fuzzy filter with the estimation error, the estimation error because of persistent bounded disturbance is minimised by some linear matrix inequalities and the filter error system is stochastically stable in the mean square. A stochastic variable satisfying the Bernoulli random binary distribution is utilised to model the phenomenon of the missing data. Finally, the results indicate that the proposed method attenuates the peak of estimation error and preserves a guaranteed L∞-gain performance.
The authors consider a class of non-linear systems preceded by unknown backlash-like hysteresis. Unlike other schemes dealing with hysteresis, the non-linear systems of this study not only involve ...unknown parameters but also take non-linear terms linear in the unmeasured states into account. An adaptive output feedback controller by utilising a modified high-gain observer and backstepping approach is proposed, which is able to mitigate the effects of the hysteresis, and guarantee the global stability of the closed-loop system and the arbitrarily small steady-state tracking error. Moreover, it is proved that by introducing an initialisation technique, the ℒ∞ tracking performance can be achieved.
The aim of this study is to discuss the impact of the loss of case morphology on the structural vs. semantic subject asymmetry in Ardesheni Laz with specific emphasis on verbal agreement morphology ...associated with subjects. We will show that in comparison to Pazar which still retains its case morphology Ardeshen has acquired different subject agreement patterns to encode the distinction between structural vs. semantic subjects, which in a sense made it become similar to nominative-accusative systems.
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