•Clan leaders significantly differed in life goal power from not members of any clan.•e-Sports players differed from casual players in life goals affiliation and diversion.•e-Sports – a means of ...satisfying the need to belong through (teams, LAN parties).•e-Sports – a means of satisfying the need for power(position of a game team leader).
e-Sports is an area of the game scene, in which computer game players specialize in a specific game, form game teams (clans), compete together in tournaments and meet at so-called LAN (Local Area Network) parties. The objective of this study was to compare the different types of e-Sports players from the perspective of their personality traits and explicit motives and to compare e-Sports players with casual players in selected life goals.
A questionnaire assessing life goals (Pöhlmann & Brunstein, 1997) and basic personality traits (Personality inventory KUD, 1986) were administered to 108 e-Sports players and 54 casual computer game players.
In the group of e-Sports players, only clan leaders significantly differed in life goal power from those who were not members of any clan. Significant differences were also found between e-Sports players and casual players in terms of life goals affiliation and diversion.
e-Sports seem not only to be about playing computer games, but can also serve as a means of satisfying the need to belong. They do this by creating friendly relationships through membership in game teams and participation in LAN parties, or satisfying the need for power by upholding a position of a game team leader and determining its course of action.
•The inverse sigma-shaped complementary split-ring resonator-based SNG artificial material developed for five distinct resonance frequencies L-, S-, C-, X-, and Ku-bands applications.•This design is ...capable to manage high effective medium ratio which is 23.45.•The design size is very much compact which is 8.2 mm × 8.2 mm and a substrate thickness of 1.905 mm.•The proposed design can be applied at a time cellular phone, satellite, and radar-based applications.
This paper discusses a study on creating and confirming the authenticity of an artificial material with a SNG (Singular Negative) attribute. The artificial material was constructed using a metamaterial structured around split-ring resonators forming an inverse double sigma shape. Advanced electromagnetic simulation tools like CST (Computer Simulation Technology) Microwave Studio, Ansys HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) and ADS (Advanced Design System) were employed to extensively analyze the electromagnetic characteristics of the artificial material. Notably, the proposed artificial material exhibits five distinct resonance frequencies spanning L-, S-, C-, X-, and Ku-band operations, specifically at 1.560 GHz, 2.232 GHz, 4.350 GHz, 8.095 GHz, and 17.370 GHz. Achieving an optimal EMR (Effective Medium Ratio) of 23.45, with a compact unit cell size of 8.2 mm × 8.2 mm and a substrate thickness of 1.905 mm, underscores its innovative design attributes. Of significance, the compact size, SNG characteristics, high EMR, and resonant frequencies render this structure particularly noteworthy. The utilization of the L-band for GPS (Global Positioning System), S-band for Wireless LAN (Local Area Network), C-band for Satellite communication, X-band radar system, and the Ku-band for VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) communication applications is well-documented. This article elucidates the intricacies of the design process and conducts various parametric analyses. Remarkably, the simulation results obtained from Ansys HFSS 3D software closely align with those from CST. Furthermore, a comprehensive examination of surface current, E-field, and H-field distributions is provided. Importantly, comparative assessments indicate the superior performance of the proposed structure across multiple metrics, including EMR, SNG frequency range, and compactness, positioning it as an ideal candidate cellular phone, satellite, and radar-based applications.
The Tactile Internet promises new applications and services that harness real-time human-machine interactions to revolutionize our everyday life. Its realization however, necessitates a complete ...rethink of the underlying communications infrastructure as these applications/services necessitate carrier-grade reliability, ultra-high security, and ultra-low latency (~1 ms). To meet stringent latency targets, control/steering servers are anticipated to be placed at a short distance of only a few kilometers to the tactile edge. Therefore, in addition to the significant on-going research in the wireless tactile edge, there is an urgent need to focus on the local area network (LAN) segment to support the vision of Tactile Internet. Rising to this challenge, we report on the first initiative in designing LANs to facilitate the converged delivery of latency-sensitive Tactile Internet traffic and bandwidth-intensive applications. Specifically, our solution combines the time and wavelength division multiplexing technology on a passive optical LAN, with a predictive resource allocation algorithm termed Tactile Internet capable dynamic wavelength and bandwidth allocation algorithm (TI-DWBA). TI-DWBA is designed to estimate the average bandwidth of Tactile Internet (TI) and non-TI traffic at each integrated optical network terminal/wireless access point (ONT/WAP), exploit prediction mechanisms at the central office to predict and allocate bandwidth and wavelengths to accumulated traffic at each ONT/WAP, dynamically vary the number of active wavelengths in the network such that network congestion is alleviated to satisfy end-to-end latency constraints. In this paper, the effectiveness of TI-DWBA in constraining end-to-end latency of Tactile Internet traffic is tested under various network configurations, traffic distributions, traffic proportions, and traffic loads, with results indicating that ultra-low end-to-end latencies in the order of 100 μs are achievable.
El vertiginoso desarrollo tecnológico y creciente ritmo evolutivo de las redes actuales hacen que la gestión sea vital. Sin embargo, la existencia de la gestión heterogénea derivada de la ...heterogeneidad de las redes de telecomunicaciones provoca, entre otros, ineficiencias y encarecimiento de la operación de las redes. Algunos de los problemas de la gestión heterogénea son: necesidad de tener personal capacitado para operar cada uno de los sistemas de gestión propietarios correspondientes a tecnologías y equipamientos de diferentes fabricantes, trabajar con diferentes protocolos de gestión y enfrentar la diversidad e incompatibilidad de datos que llevan a inconsistencia y hasta posible duplicidad de la información de gestión. En este artículo se presenta el diseño e implementación de un Sistema Integrado de Gestión de conmutadores de red de área local (LAN) empleando el protocolo SNMP. Se revisan brevemente las características del protocolo SNMP, de la MIB de Monitoreo Remoto (RMON) y de la gestión de los conmutadores LAN. Para el diseño del sistema se tuvieron en cuenta requerimientos que consideraran las necesidades actuales de la gestión integrada en las empresas operadoras de servicios de telecomunicaciones. La programación se realizó empleando el lenguaje Python y se dividió en varios módulos: acceso y administración de usuarios; inventario y gestión de conmutadores LAN; estadísticas, eventos y alarmas; y funciones de diagnóstico. Su validación se realizó implementando el sistema en un pequeño escenario de prueba en la red de un operador público de servicios de telecomunicaciones, obteniéndose resultados satisfactorios. Palabras claves: Gestión integrada de redes, protocolo SNMP, conmutadores LAN, sistemas de gestión. The vertiginous technological development and increasing evolutionary rhythm of current networks make management vital. However, the existence of heterogeneous management derived from the heterogeneity of telecommunications networks causes, among other things, inefficiencies and increased cost of network operation. Some of the problems of heterogeneous management are: the need to have trained personnel to operate each of the proprietary management systems corresponding to technologies and equipment from different manufacturers, to work with different management protocols and to deal with the diversity and incompatibility of data that they carry. to inconsistency and even possible duplication of management information. This article presents the design and implementation of an Integrated Management System for local area network (LAN) switches using the SNMP protocol. Features of the SNMP protocol, Remote Monitoring MIB (RMON), and LAN switch management are briefly reviewed. For the design of the system, requirements were taken into account that considered the current needs of integrated management in the operating companies of telecommunications services. The programming was done using the Python language and was divided into several modules: user access and administration; LAN switch inventory and management; statistics, events and alarms; and diagnostic functions. Its validation was carried out by implementing the system in a small test scenario in the network of a public operator of telecommunications services, obtaining satisfactory results. Keywords: Integrated management of networks, SNMP, LAN switches, management systems. Integrated Management System for LAN switches using the SNMP protocol.
COMPUTER NETWORK SECURITY Marijan MIJATOVIĆ; Marko MIJATOVIĆ
Carpathian journal of electrical engineering,
12/2023, Letnik:
17, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Computers that we connect to a network serve to exchange data, which is located in the computer’s working memory. Data transmission can also be done through electronic signals, and these connections ...can be wireless networks or wired networks. The bits that are sent one after another simultaneously correspond at an appropriate speed, converting digital signals into analog signals and vice versa, which is a modern process. Computers can also be connected to a local network and a branched network. Each computer connected to the network has its own unique number (address) from which it can be recognized on which continent it is, in which country, and to which server address it is connected. Data is sent according to a pre-agreed protocol, in the form of packets. Security measures for protecting sensitive data and documents have existed for a long time in the world. Throughout history, many methods have been developed regarding data protection and internet security. Methods of providing protection on the internet were sometimes not effective and did not provide the necessary level of protection. With the development of cryptography and technology, very good methods of encryption and document protection have been discovered. Information systems are the foundation of basic and modern business operations. Their fundamental task is to be based on network systems, as well as their operation and security. That’s why it’s extremely important to familiarize ourselves with the security issues of computer networks and the ways in which these problems are resolved.
•Patterns of light exposure during day and night have direct effects on circadian biology and health.•Modern electric lighting practices also enable 24/7 activities and may lead to circadian ...disruption.•Work at night is a complex exposure scenario, including, but not limited to, light at night.•Some light and work at night are essential to society, making identification of interventions challenging.•Better measures of exposure and early disease may help identify interventions to protect public health.
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The invention of electric light has facilitated a society in which people work, sleep, eat, and play at all hours of the 24-hour day. Although electric light clearly has benefited humankind, exposures to electric light, especially light at night (LAN), may disrupt sleep and biological processes controlled by endogenous circadian clocks, potentially resulting in adverse health outcomes. Many of the studies evaluating adverse health effects have been conducted among night- and rotating-shift workers, because this scenario gives rise to significant exposure to LAN. Because of the complexity of this topic, the National Toxicology Program convened an expert panel at a public workshop entitled “Shift Work at Night, Artificial Light at Night, and Circadian Disruption” to obtain input on conducting literature-based health hazard assessments and to identify data gaps and research needs. The Panel suggested describing light both as a direct effector of endogenous circadian clocks and rhythms and as an enabler of additional activities or behaviors that may lead to circadian disruption, such as night-shift work and atypical and inconsistent sleep-wake patterns that can lead to social jet lag. Future studies should more comprehensively characterize and measure the relevant light-related exposures and link these exposures to both time-independent biomarkers of circadian disruption and biomarkers of adverse health outcomes. This information should lead to improvements in human epidemiological and animal or in vitro models, more rigorous health hazard assessments, and intervention strategies to minimize the occurrence of adverse health outcomes due to these exposures.
Ban-Lan-Gen, the root tissues derived from several morphologically indistinguishable plant species, have been used widely in traditional Chinese medicines for numerous years. The identification of ...reliable markers to distinguish various source plant species is critical for the effective and safe use of products containing Ban-Lan-Gen. Here, we analyzed and characterized the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of
(Nees) Kuntze to identify high-resolution markers for the species determination of Southern Ban-Lan-Gen. Total DNA was extracted and subjected to next-generation sequencing. The cp genome was then assembled, and the gaps were filled using PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. Genome annotation was conducted using CpGAVAS web server. The genome was 144,133 bp in length, presenting a typical quadripartite structure of large (LSC; 91,666 bp) and small (SSC; 17,328 bp) single-copy regions separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs; 17,811 bp). The genome encodes 113 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding, 30 transfer RNA, and 4 ribosomal RNA genes. A total of 20 tandem, 2 forward, and 6 palindromic repeats were detected in the genome. A phylogenetic analysis based on 65 protein-coding genes showed that
was closely related to
and
, which belong to the same family, Acanthaceae. One interesting feature is that the IR regions apparently undergo simultaneous contraction and expansion, resulting in the presence of single copies of rps19, rpl2, rpl23, and ycf2 in the LSC region and the duplication of psbA and trnH genes in the IRs. This study provides the first complete cp genome in the genus
, containing critical information for the classification of various
species in the future. This study also provides the foundation for precisely determining the plant sources of Ban-Lan-Gen.
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