•Rural–urban migrant workers in China face issues of how to effectively arrange land that was contracted to them.•Three methods of land arrangement conducted by rural–urban migrant workers are family ...farming, land transfer and abandonment.•Survey data from Jiangsu province show that 69.89% of rural–urban migrant workers chose the family farming option and 23.12% and 6.99% of them opted for land transfer and abandonment, respectively.•There is significantly positive relationship between larger family size with the family farming option.•The improvements of human capital, higher wage, greater job stability, and longer distances between migrants’ cities of employment and hometowns are significantly correlated with the land transfer or abandonment.
A massive amount of rural labor in China has migrated to urban areas and transferred to non-agricultural employment. This has resulted in issues regarding how to effectively arrange land that was contracted to them under the household contract responsibility system. Using survey data collected in Jiangsu Province and a multinomial logit model, this article discusses three methods of land arrangement utilized by rural–urban migrant workers (family farming, land transfer and abandonment) and examines the correlates of land arrangement methods. We find that there is a significantly positive relation between family size and the family farming option. The improvements in human capital, higher wages, greater job stability, and a longer commute time between migrants’ cities of employment and their hometown are significantly correlated with land transfer or abandonment. These findings can elucidate China’s land policy in the context of massive rural–urban migration.
Rural household land arrangements under different household divisions of labor were investigated in Sichuan Province, a typical mountainous area of Western China. Survey data were used to construct ...multinomial logistic regression models of the relationships between the attributes of land plots, farmers' households, and land arrangement behaviors. In this study, (1) a total of 1839 land plots available to 240 farmers were sampled. Among these, 79.61%, 15.88% and 4.51% were cultivated, transferred or abandoned, respectively. (2) There are significant correlations between farming household structure and migration income, as well as land arrangement behaviors. Specifically, the more laborers (Labor) there are, the higher the ratios of farming laborers (Agriculture) and part-time laborers to laborers (Pluriactivity), greater numbers of elderly individuals aged 64 + engaged in household agricultural production (Old), the greater the possibility that farmers would choose family farming. The higher the ratio of migrant labor income to total household income (Ratio), the greater the possibility that farmers would choose land transfer or land abandonment. The higher the ratio of non-agricultural laborers to the laborers (Non-agriculture), the greater the possibility that farmers would choose land transfer. This study furthers our understanding of rural household land arrangement behaviors in mountainous areas in the context of China's unique land rights system and high rates of labor migration.
•The study reviews farmers' land arrangement behaviors under different household population divisions of labor.•The correlations between farmers' labor migration and land arrangement behavior in mountainous areas of Sichuan Province are analyzed.•There are significant correlations between farmers' household structures and land arrangement behaviors.
El oriente de la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México es una región con una población superior a los 5 millones de personas. Sin embargo, sólo posee una gran área natural, el lecho lacustre del ...Lago de Texcoco. Bajo el concepto de los Dominios Ambientales se generaron las Unidades de Gestión Ambiental que coadyuven a revertir el deterioro ecológico del complejo palustre, rehabilitar sus funciones ecológicas y promover actividades que mejoren el estatus económico y el nivel de vida de toda la población afectada.
In view of the differences of land use structure and ecological environment changes caused by land consolidation projects with different features and landforms, this paper uses the modified ecosystem ...service value estimation model to quantitatively evaluate the change patterns of the ecosystem service value (ESV) of land consolidation, development and arrangement projects in Hubei Province under plains, hills and mountains to provide a theoretical basis for the ecological transformation of land consolidation. The results show that, compared with the pre-land consolidation period, (1) the total amount of ESV in the land consolidation project areas has increased, whereas the land development and arrangement project areas have decreased. Under the same nature, the growth rate of land consolidation project areas is as follows: hills < plains < mountains, and the loss rate of land development and arrangement project areas are as follows: mountains > plains > hills and hills > mountains > plains, respectively. Under the same landform, the total loss rate of ESV in land development project areas is slightly lower than that in land arrangement project areas. (2) The total amount of ESV in the land consolidation project areas under different natures and landforms of the supply service function shows a decreasing trend, and the total amount of ESV of the adjustment service, support service and cultural service function shows an increasing trend in the land consolidation project areas, whereas the land development and arrangement project areas show a decreasing trend. There is an obvious value transformation process of “ecology for production” in the land development and arrangement areas.
With continuous rises in GDP, land cover in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) has undergone a drastic change over the period 1990–2018. In this study, land use in the GBA was ...divided into six types: farmland, forestland, grassland, wetland, construction land, and unused land. We analyzed changes in spatiotemporal patterns according to region and type by using statistical analysis, spatial clustering, and hotspot analysis, focusing on the spatial characteristics of areas where land-use types changed with high frequency. The high-frequency land use in the GBA has strategic guidance for further urban planning and management. With discussions on urban planning, the natural environment, and social and economic development, we found the following: (1) Urban construction land in the GBA showed a unipolar growth mode, increasing from 5.63% to 14.34% from 1990 to 2018. Accordingly, the degree of urban concentration and contiguity rose continuously. (2) Hotspots with frequent land-use changes were concentrated mainly in areas with economic intensity. (3) Plots with high-frequency land-use changes (Flc > 2) were concentrated primarily in the waters and rivers of the GBA within 10 km of the administrative boundaries of prefecture-level cities. (4) Nearly 80% of the land has been or will be transformed into ecological land over the period 1990–2018. On the basis of these findings, we suggest further improving land-use efficiency, and ecological land damage and the over-occupation of sea space should be avoided while maintaining economic growth. Thus, linking increases and decreases in construction land is an excellent land-consolidation mechanism to transform inefficient urban land into ecological land.
This paper examines the process of land arrangement among the Khakas and water arrangement in the lower reaches of the Yenisei River in the early XX century, which affected the Kets, Dolgans, ...Selkups, Nenets, Enets and Evenks. The author considers water arrangement and land arrangement as parts of a single process. Land arrangement and water arrangement had different immediate causes, but they were of the same essence: the government secured its rights for natural resources: lands in the south of Yenisei region and fishing areas in the north of the region. During the land arrangement resettlement, the officials withdrew the land from the use of the Khakas people. The author argues that the withdrawn land was more than 744 500 dessiatins (more then 800 000 hectares). But it wasn’t ethnicity-based discrimination, because the land was taken away from the Russian people too. On the contrary, the officials responsible for relocation tried to give the Khakas people land above the limit. Fishing areas in the north of Yenisei region were withdrawn from the use of the indigenous peoples and the Russian people. It had been planned to lease fishing areas. So, there was no ethnicity-based discrimination in the north of Yenisei region. The author also argues that the goal of land and water arrangement was to create legal conditions so that big business could enter Siberia. For example, a large capitalist sheep farm «Vladimir Alekseev» was created in the south of Yenisei region. It was built on the lands that had been taken away from the Khakas people. It had been planned to lease fishing areas to big business in order to organize high-yield fisheries in the north of Yenisei region. «Enisejskaya kompaniya parohodstva» (Yenisei steam navigation company) received a lease. But that enterprise didn’t organize high-yield fisheries. It subleased the fishing areas to the local population. The goal wasn’t reached. Thus, we can conclude that government's activity in the south of Yenisei region was successful, and in the north it was a failure.
An institute of conciliators was established for realization of agrarian reform of 1861. However, during the 1960s it satisfied the government less and less as it was not legally subordinate to the ...local government. As a result, the system of local institutions was reformed in 1874. Collective district offices on peasants’ affairs were established instead of the liquidated institute of conciliators. Martial law was in force in the territory of Belarus, and for this reason there were no district councils and judicial institutions in 1864. Besides, the government did not trust the local nobility of the Roman-Catholic religion, the representatives of which contributed to establishment of the district offices on peasants’ affairs. For this reason the district institutions of the new type started to work in the territory of Vitebsk, Minsk and Mogilev provinces, and the institute of conciliators continued its work in the Vilna and Grodno provinces. In the beginning of the 1980s the district offices on peasants’ affairs were admitted inefficient, and as a result in 1889 they were replaced by heads of district councils. However, they existed for almost 20 years more in the territory of the three provinces of Belarus. Numerous reports of governors of the country about the inefficiency of the district offices on peasants’ affairs convinced the government of the necessity to liquidate the latter in the beginning of the 20th century.
The project of common facilities is a very important part of the process of land arrangement. It helps to ensure a lot of public functions, for example permeability of landscape, to preserve ...fertility of soil, to decrease surface outflow and prevention from floods, the protection and production of environment etc. It is essential to ensure sufficient land area to be able to suggest and carry out such plans of common facilities. It will be more and more difficult to ensure this plan due to the fact that the state-owned land is still decreasing. In the areas where the state-owned land still exists, it could be possible to reserve the part of these areas for this objective. This study analyses projects of common facilities in 33 cadastral areas and series of another variable values with the aim to find or to exclude different dependences. It could also help to estimate the extent of reserve areas. The most of examined values did not show any dependence but some of the tested values show the certain dependence.
Since the speeding of industrialization and urbanization, more and more farming land are occupied for construction. The conflict between construction land demand caused by economic development and ...farmland protection is becoming more and more serious. As an effective way of increasing farmland area and construction land and improving intensive land use, land arrangement undoubtedly becomes the best choice of land use in the new period. This article chose Pixian as an example to start the research of arrangement model and potential maximization of rural land and push optimized allocation of land resource and land use structure, thus, offering theoretical and scientific support for coordinated development of urbanization, industrialization and agricultural modernization of Pixian.
The natural supply of land resources is limited, but the economic supply may change along with social and economic development, and its size is decided bye nature and social and economic body ...conditions. When the supplying ability of land resources threatens the development of society and the conflict between people and land becomes tense, it forced people to improve land utilization and to increase the effective supply of land resources. The paper made an overall consideration on the characteristics of the irrigated farming and the frail ecological environment in Fuhai County, Altay Area, Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region and explored land arrangement planning as well as water resource planning and environmental protection. The paper evaluated natural resources, land utilization and water resource of the case study areas and focused on the spatio-temporal balance between the utilization of water and land resources. In the end the paper a feasible plan was made out for the land arrangement project.
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