Electrical stimulation mapping (ESM) is used to locate the brain areas supporting language directly within the human cortex to minimize the risk of functional decline following epilepsy surgery. ESM ...is completed by utilizing subdural grid or depth electrodes (stereo-electroencephalography sEEG) in combination with behavioral evaluation of language. Despite technological advances, there is no standardized method of assessing language during pediatric ESM. To identify current clinical practices for pediatric ESM of language, we surveyed neuropsychologists in the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium. Results indicated that sEEG is used for functional mapping at >80% of participating epilepsy surgery centers (n = 13/16) in the United States. However, >65% of sites did not report a standardized protocol to map language. Survey results indicated a clear need for practice recommendations regarding ESM of language. We then utilized PubMed/Medline and PsychInfo to identify 42 articles that reported on ESM of language, of which 18 met inclusion criteria, which included use of ESM/signal recording to localize language regions in children (<21 years) and a detailed account of the procedure and language measures used, and region-specific language localization outcomes. Articles were grouped based on the language domain assessed, language measures used, and the brain regions involved. Our review revealed the need for evidence-based clinical guidelines for pediatric language paradigms during ESM and a standardized language mapping protocol as well as standardized reporting of brain regions in research. Relevant limitations and future directions are discussed with a focus on considerations for pediatric language mapping.
The complexity of ICT infrastructures is continuously increasing, presenting a formidable challenge in safeguarding them against cyber attacks. In light of escalating cyber threats and limited ...availability of expert resources, organizations must explore more efficient approaches to assess their resilience and undertake proactive measures. Threat modeling is an effective approach for assessing the cyber resilience of ICT systems. One method is to utilize Attack Graphs, which visually represent the steps taken by adversaries during an attack. Previously, MAL (the Meta Attack Language) was proposed, which serves as a framework for developing Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) and generating Attack Graphs for modeled infrastructures. coreLang is a MAL-based threat modeling language that utilizes such Attack Graphs to enable attack simulations and security assessments for the generic ICT domain. Developing domain-specific languages for threat modeling and attack simulations provides a powerful approach for conducting security assessments of infrastructures. However, ensuring the correctness of these modeling languages raises a separate research question. In this study we conduct an empirical experiment aiming to falsify such a domain-specific threat modeling language. The potential inability to falsify the language through our empirical testing would lead to its corroboration, strengthening our belief in its validity within the parameters of our study. The outcomes of this approach indicated that, on average, the assessments generated by attack simulations outperformed those of human experts. Additionally, both human experts and simulations exhibited significantly superior performance compared to random guessers in their assessments. While specific human experts occasionally achieved better assessments for particular questions in the experiments, the efficiency of simulation-generated assessments surpasses that of human domain experts.
Teaching Chinese Sign Language with a Smartphone Zhang, Yanxiao; Min, Yuecong; Chen, Xilin
Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware,
June 2021, 2021-06-01, Letnik:
3, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
There is a large group of deaf-mutes in the world, and sign language is their major communication tool. Therefore, it’s necessary for the deaf-mutes to communicate with hearing-speech people and the ...hearing-speech people also have needed to understand sign language, which produces a great demand for sign language teaching. Even though there have already been a large number of books for sign language, it is low efficient to learn sign language with books, even teaching videos. To solve this problem, we develop a smartphone-based interactive Chinese sign language teaching systemfor sign language learning.
The system provides a learner with some kinds of learning modes and captures the learner’s actions from its front camera of the smartphone. Right now the system provides a vocabulary set with 1000 frequently used words, and the learner can evaluate his/her sign action by subjective or objective comparison. In the mode of word recognition, the users can play any word within the vocabulary and the system will turn the top three retrieved candidates, so it can remind the learners what the sign is.
This system provides interactive learning for a user to learn sign language high efficiently. The systemadopts an algorithm based on point cloud recognition to evaluate a user’s sign and costs about 700ms inference time for each sample, which meets the real-time requirements.
This interactive learning system decreases the communication barriers between the deaf-mutes and hearing-speechers.
This study reviews the crucial role of language in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis and assessment in Saudi Arabia. Using tailored search strings, 206 relevant documents were retrieved from ...the Web of Science and Scopus databases. An increasing trend in ASD research in Saudi Arabia was observed through temporal analysis. Keyword analysis identified key themes including "autism," "language," "assessment," "diagnosis," "Saudi Arabia," and "children." The focus of research has shifted over the years, from pure clinical and diagnostic aspects to a more comprehensive approach that includes language and cultural factors in ASD evaluation. The findings underscore the need for culturally and linguistically sensitive assessment tools, acknowledging the impact of bilingualism on language development, and the importance of language difficulties in diagnostic decision-making. The study highlights the necessity for further research, especially longitudinal studies examining the influence of language and cultural factors on ASD outcomes. The findings are significant for clinical practice, emphasizing the need for linguistically sensitive approaches in ASD diagnosis and assessment. This research serves as a guide for future studies by identifying the gaps in existing literature and areas of focus. The study identifies crucial gaps in existing literature, particularly the need for longitudinal studies examining the influence of language and cultural factors on ASD outcomes. The findings underscore the importance of culturally and linguistically sensitive approaches in ASD diagnosis and assessment, providing a novel insight for future research and clinical practice in Saudi Arabia.
In the Czech literature there is a lack of information about speech and language assessment in adult cochlear implant (CI) candidates and users. The article presents the issue of adult cochlear ...implantation from a speech and language therapist perspective. The paper points out the current changes in the CI candidacy, which have opened the possibility to provide cochlear implantation to other types of patients, including bilateral implantation in adults. The aim of the article is to present an overview of diagnostic tools used abroad. Moreover, it provides the information about the current pre- and post-implantation possibilities in terms of speech and language evaluation in Czechia.
Un chatbot puede considerarse como un sistema pregunta-respuesta basado en el conocimiento que una serie de expertos le han proporcionado de antemano. Los chatbots son agentes artificiales diseñados ...para implicarse en conversaciones de texto (tipo chat) con interlocutores humanos. Son programas que intentan emular la conversación humana usando Inteligencia Artificial. La literatura científica sobre el tema refleja un creciente interés actualmente en ámbitos como la medicina, la enseñanza y los negocios. Este artículo explora los usos médicos de estas nuevas tecnologías, su composición, para posteriormente analizar su aplicabilidad a la mejora del proceso de entrevistas enfocadas en la evaluación del lenguaje. Este tipo de tecnologías podría establecer una comunicación constante con el paciente y sus familiares adaptándose a sus características sociolingüísticas y culturales, favoreciendo su participación y su colaboración en el mismo. Las perspectivas de aplicabilidad son prometedoras.
Case Management Model and Notation (CMMN) has been introduced as a graphical modeling language targeting the modeling of human-centric processes. Despite its growing reputation since 2016, when the ...OMG standant was released, the usage and the adoption potential of CMMN is not yet evaluated. The goal of this paper is to evaluate CMMN language and the contribution of its main notation elements to its future adoption, based on the experience of modelers. A CMMN workshop was conducted, where groups of modelers modeled two different human-centric, real-world processes with CMMN. The effectiveness and efficiency of the language and modelers’ usage experience were evaluated. Their perception of the role of the CMMN notation elements to their future adoption CMMN have been recorded through a survey. A multi-criteria decision making method (Analytic Hierarchy Process–AHP) was utilized for analyzing the answers and generating the results. The evaluation results showed that CMMN language could be adopted for modeling non-structural processes and the study participants showed a positive attitude towards adopting CMMN driven by the fact that they overall perceived it as useful. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to evaluate CMMN language’s usability and prospects of adoption. Moreover, this is the first empirical study that explores the syntax of a process modeling language and its effect on its usage and adoption. Overall, since interest in CMMN is increasing, this work could inspire future researchers and practitioners to further explore the CMMN usage and adoption potential.
There are insufficient Spanish-speaking physicians to effectively serve a large and rapidly growing Spanish-speaking patient population.
A team-based hybrid medical Spanish program was designed and ...implemented at a single medical school in Southern California. This pilot program consisted of a weekly in-person portion where students reviewed Spanish vocabulary and grammar and practiced clinical encounters in teams through active role play. Students supplemented in-class learning with online coursework. Program success was measured through physician-evaluated clinical encounters with Spanish-speaking standardized patients, a 100-question multiple-choice exam, and pre- and post-program surveys.
97% of students in the program (n = 32) received a passing grade at program completion. Student surveys demonstrated enthusiasm and engagement in weekly sessions (95% overall attendance, 97% reported feeling either excited or ready to learn prior to class). In a post-program survey, 100% of students felt better suited and increased desire to treat Hispanic patients. Additionally, all students indicated an interest in the continued use of Spanish in both their schooling and future practice. In a follow-up survey after three months of clinical experience in their 3
year of medical school, 100% of students reported that medical Spanish is "very beneficial" in patient care and that students with medical Spanish proficiency have advantages over non-speaking students when it comes to patient care opportunities. 100% felt that time spent learning medical Spanish during pre-clinical years was time well spent and that the medical Spanish program enhanced their care of Spanish-speaking students.
The results of the pilot program show a significant increase in the ability of students to engage in clinical interaction in Spanish. The results of our study demonstrate a significant increase in the knowledge, clinical skills, and self-reported confidence of students to treat Hispanic patients. Furthermore, all students not only felt better equipped and more confident to treat Hispanic patients, but they also had an increased desire to do so moving forward in their careers. We conclude that an effective medical Spanish program can be executed simultaneously with a pre-clinical medical school curriculum.
Analysis of children's spoken narratives represents a potentially informative approach to language assessment within early childhood settings. Yet, narrative assessment is not readily amenable to ...at-scale use given the time needed to collect, transcribe, and analyze a child's narrative sample and the lack of consensus regarding what aspects of narrative expression ought to be examined (e.g., language form, language content). The purpose of this study was to describe a direct assessment of children's language abilities within a narrative context, the Narrative Assessment Protocol (NAP), which examines five aspects of language: sentence structure, phrase structure, modifiers, nouns, and verbs. In this study, we present findings regarding internal consistency, test–retest reliability, construct validity, and the concurrent and predictive validity of the NAP. NAP scores from 262 3–5-year-old children participating in preschool programs were assessed for these purposes. Findings indicated that the NAP exhibits reasonable psychometric properties across the areas addressed, to include significant concurrent and predictive relations with a norm-referenced measure of general language ability. Although more research is needed, preliminary findings indicate that the NAP provides professionals with a valid and informative assessment approach for examining children's language skills within a narrative context; such information may be useful for establishing and monitoring children's language growth within preschool programs or language interventions.
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