•Language attitudes testify to an endonormative standardization of Surinamese Dutch.•Netherlandic Dutch is practically accepted, but ideologically rejected in Suriname.•Sranan indexes solidarity, but ...lacks the prestige of a potential standard.•The Surinamese are reluctant to pass negative judgment on languages in Suriname.
This paper reports a large-scale survey into the language attitudes of 485 participants from the Surinamese capital Paramaribo. Suriname is an interesting arena for standard language research, as the country is steeped in multilingualism but regards the Dutch of its former colonizer as its only official language. We elicited evaluations of 10 languages spoken in Suriname in response to label- and audio-based stimuli. Responses were enriched with valence information (pertaining to their positive/negative character), and subjected to qualitative scrutiny and regression analysis. Theoretically, our findings indicate that Suriname is embracing the endonormative development of a Surinamese variety of Dutch, which is becoming an obvious and uncontested practical norm variety. American English is also deemed prestigious, but its superiority perceptions pertain for the most part to a (desired) ideological status rather than to any suitability as a practical lingua franca. Sranan, finally, is valued as a solidarity standard, but it lacks the prestige correlates which are a prerequisite for standard status. Methodologically, this paper demonstrates that harvesting language attitudes in multi-ethnic, multilingual societies necessitates an exploratory attitude, a ‘wide net’, and a concomitantly large toolbox of experimental techniques.
The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) provide a vision for contemporary science education with all students, including the fast‐growing population of multilingual learners in the United ...States K‐12 context. The shifts heralded by the NGSS have resulted in significant changes to English language proficiency (ELP) or English language development (ELD) standards so they better align with content standards and support all students, including multilingual learners, to engage in language‐rich disciplinary practices (e.g., arguing from evidence). The purpose of this article is to describe ELP/ELD standards aligned with content standards. Specifically, we describe how the policy initiatives of the NGSS as science standards and WIDA 2020 as ELP/ELD standards reflect each other in terms of conceptual foundations and architecture of the standards guiding classroom practices. By becoming more explicitly aware of how science standards and language standards present “mirror images” of each other, science educators will be better positioned to collaborate with their language education colleagues. As this article is intended to engage science educators who are generally familiar with the NGSS but likely new to ELP/ELD standards, we describe WIDA 2020 in detail and in ways accessible to a broad audience. In doing so, we aim to ensure the science education and language education communities are coordinated in their efforts to promote equitable science learning for all students, including multilingual learners. We close with implications for research, policy, and practice through collaboration between science education (as well as other content areas) and language education.
Most U.S. educational reforms have narrowly focused on how to improve the ways in which students use language, and most specifically English. But in the last two decades, it is something called ..."academic language" that has permeated all education discourse. Here we discuss the development of the construct of academic language and the pernicious effects it has had on Latinx minoritized bilingual students. We focus on how academic language is being used to enregister Latinx students as "non-academic," ignoring bilingual Latinx epistemologies and ways of languaging. We interrogate the rigidity of the linguistic borders that have been drawn around the concept of academic language, linking it to the epistemological and ideological orientations about language as an autonomous entity produced by colonialism. We show how standards and other educational products are being used to police linguistic borders that are increasingly responsible for the failure of Latinx bilingual students.
Towards information system development for data extraction from web Yulia Mukolaivna Gontar; Kateryna Victorivna Tkach; Bohdan Oleksandrovych Yena ...
Вісник Національного технічного університету "ХПÌ": Системний аналіз, управління та інформаційні технології,
09/2018
22
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Сьогодні Інтернет містить величезну кількість джерел інформації, яка постійно використовується в нашому щоденному житті. Часто буває, що схожа за змістом інформація представлена в різній формі на ...різних ресурсах (наприклад, електронні бібліотеки, інтернет-магазини, новинні сайти). У даній роботі аналізується вилучення інформації з веб-джерел певного типу, яке потрібно користувачеві. Проведено аналіз проблеми вилучення даних. При розгляді основних підходів до екстракції даних були виділені сильні і слабкі сторони кожного. Сформульовано основні аспекти вилучення веб-знань. Проаналізовано підходи та інформаційні технології вирішення проблем синтаксичного аналізу на основі існуючих інформаційних систем. На основі проведеного аналізу була сформована задача розробки моделей і програмних компонентів для отримання даних з веб-ресурсів певного типу. Розроблено концептуальну модель вилучення даних з урахуванням веб-простору як зовнішнього джерела даних. Була створена специфікація вимог для програмного компонента, що дозволить продовжити роботу над проектом, щоб чітко розуміти вимоги і обмеження для реалізації. При моделюванні програмного забезпечення були розроблені наступні діаграми, такі як діаграми класів, активності, послідовності і розгортання, які потім будуть використовуватися для створення готового додатка. Для подальшої розробки програмного забезпечення була визначена платформа програмування і види тестування (навантажувальний і модульне). Отримані результати дозволяють стверджувати, що пропоноване проектне рішення, яке буде реалізовано у вигляді прототипу програмної системи, може виконувати завдання екстракції даних з різних джерел на основі одного семантичного шаблону.
The construct of language competence lies at the heart of language education, underpinning key processes such as language teaching and language assessment. Acknowledging its prominent position in the ...field of language education and seeking to illuminate its nature, this study attempted to trace the historical trajectory of the construct of language competence as operationalised in the context of secondary L1 education in England. Through analysing a sample of high-stakes English tests from 1867 to 2017, it identified the meaning that language competence acquired in the domain of L1 assessment - and, by extension, also in the domain of L1 teaching - at different points in time. The study empirically demonstrates the fluid and evolving nature of the construct of language competence, questioning the legitimacy of attempts to compare language 'standards' in education across time. Also, it provides a historical insight into aspects of secondary L1 education in England over the last 150 years, highlighting the research potential of high-stakes tests as means of accessing information about the direction, emphasis and mission of language teaching in different historical periods.
In this article, the idea of norm in language is compared to the notion of law in the application of justice, and how rules in both fields must be interpreted not in a rigid manner, but in a way that ...is appropriate to context. The case used to illustrate this principle of flexibility and adaptability is a community-based legal terminology and lexicography project developed with, by and for the Canadian-Tamil community of Ontario, Canada.
In this article I describe my interaction as an English for academic purposes (EAP) practitioner with a supervisor and her two postgraduate international students, both of whom were second language ...speakers of English (L2). Because of linguistic and relationship issues the supervisory experience for the parties was challenging and frustrating. I discuss the implications of this research and suggest that while linguistic difficulties impact negatively on the supervisory relationship this is exacerbated by the differing assumptions and expectations of the stakeholders. I argue, however, that what is regarded as 'acceptable' English at our institutions has not been sufficiently interrogated and the belief that English as a native language (ENL) is the only acceptable variety of English needs further investigation. Such an investigation needs to take place in a forum where the less powerful voices of the EAP practitioners and the students will not be marginalised.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study aims to combine tools from the fields of Language Ideologies and Conversation Analysis, despite their differences, in an analysis of metalinguistic discourse in research interviews. The ...goal is to show what Conversation Analysis can offer the study of language ideologies. To this end, the study investigates how interaction shapes and (re)constructs explicit descriptions, statements, evaluations, etc. of language. Single-case analyses of phenomena typically of interest in the field of Language Ideologies are performed to shed light on how talk about language is constructed and shaped in research interviews carried out in the Rumanian Banat. The analysis of language ideologies, such as 'language standards', is thus connected to the analysis of interactional structures, such as repair. In general, the analyses show how talk about language is produced and designed for the turn-by-turn structures of interaction. The analyses also highlight the intersubjective character of talk about language. Adapted from the source document.
The student demographic of universities today has changed quite dramatically from even a decade ago. As universities seek to internationalise, widen participation and derive attendant reputational ...and financial benefits, along with greater opportunities for research collaborations and industry links, they also face a growing challenge associated with what Neil Murray terms 'the English language question'. In particular, as the proportion of students of non-English speaking backgrounds entering universities increases, there is growing concern over levels of language proficiency and what this can mean for educational standards, the student experience and, ultimately, institutional standing. Standards of English in Higher Education unpacks a number of key and interrelated issues - for example, the assessment of proficiency and the structure and nature of provision - that bear on the question of English language standards and in doing so offers a frank critical appraisal of English language in higher education today.
PDF
