Maja 2009, proti koncu prvega šolskega leta, ki poteka v celoti po devetletnem programu, lahko z gotovostjo rečemo, da je novi program za osnovnošolski pouk latinščine v slovenskem merilu veliko ...razočaranje: štiriletni fakultativni pouk iz časov osemletke je ukinjen, kot izbirnega predmeta v zadnjem triletju devetletke (torej največ tri leta) pa se latinščine letos uči v vsej državi samo 61 (!) učencev, in sicer 50 na OŠ Prežihovega Voranca in 11 na OŠ Trnovo.
Na začetku moram priznati, da mi je precej neprijetno, ker sem se znašel v položaju, ko bi moral kot skoraj popoln zelenec na pedagoškem polju povedati nekaj modrih misli o blišču in bedi pouka ...antične književnosti pri slovenščini in latinščini. Spričo dejstva, da se nikakor ne morem sklicevati na koš izkušenj pri delu v tem vinogradu, se bom v svojem prispevku skušal omejiti na tisto, kar je vidno na prvi pogled, se pravi v prvi vrsti na gola dejstva o okvirjih, v katere so v naših gimnazijah ujeti grški in rimski pisci.
Najprej naj povem, da sem prošnjo predsednice Društva za antične in humanistične študije, naj vas danes tu pozdravim v imenu prireditelja, sprejel z velikim veseljem.
Nekatere grške izposojenke so v latinščini preoblikovane na način, ki ga z latinskimi jezikovnimi zakonitostmi ne moremo razložiti, zato predvidevamo posrednika. S preučevanjem sprememb, ki so ...doletele ohranjene grške besede v etruščanskem jeziku, se skuša dognati določene vzorce, s pomočjo katerih bi lahko razložili nenavadno obliko izposojenke v latinščini.
Pričujoča knjiga je po dolgem času prva, ki se spet ukvarja z jezikovnimi značilnostmi latinskih napisov. Preučiti slovnične posebnosti vseh latinskih napisov je zalogaj, ki si ga nekdo sam težko ...privošči, saj količina že obstoječih napisov in še z dodatkom tistih, ki jih na novo najdejo vsako leto, tega ne bi dopuščala. Avtor se je tega zavedal, zato se je odločil področje svojega preučevanja omejiti, kar je storil na dva načina.
Dejstvo, da Slovenci nismo imeli latinsko slovenskega slovarja kot osnovnega pomagala za pouk latinskega jezika, je avstrijski oblasti dolgo rabilo kot izgovor, da v višjih gimnazijskih ...razredih ni dovoljevala pouka latinščine v slovenskem jeziku. Nekaj poskusov, da bi slovar dobili, je propadlo; leta 1895 pa je ekipa profesorjev pod vodstvom Frana Wiesthalerja zasnovala največji projekt klasično-filološke stroke: veliki latinsko-slovenski slovar.
V predalu pisalne mize imam zajeten snop člankov, s katerimi so se različni pisci, med njimi največ primorskih, tako ali drugače spominjali Otmarja Črnilogarja. Zato lahko ugotovim, da mnogi vedo, ...kdo je bil, kje je živel in kaj je delal. Pa vendar bi lahko dejal, da ga je v resnici malokdo zares poznal. Moj stric je bil, kakor je sam dejal, predvsem duhovnik- in to je bil rad. Jaz sem ga doživljal po svoje in bilo je dobro.
Despite the evidently thriving lexicographical activity in Slovene medieval monasteries, the first attempts at Latin-Slovene dictionaries are not found earlier than in the works by Slovene ...Protestants. In the history of Slovene lexicography, a place of honour is held by the German humanist Hieronimus Megiser, the first to collect systematically a large portion of Slovene vocabulary and use it in his lexicographical work. However, three Slovene attempts to supply a Latin-Slovene dictionary (by Matija Kastelec, Gregor Vorenc, and the Rev Hipolit) failed. The first serious attempt to finally provide the Slovenes with a dictionary was made in the 1870’s, under the editorial guidance of Janko Pajk, but the work was never published and the lexicographical materials are lost as well. The first Latin-Slovene dictionary actually published was Latinsko-slovenski slovnik za tretji in četrti gimnasijski razred The Latin-Slovene Dictionary for the Third and Fourth Gymnasium Forms (1882), the team project of dedicated teachers. Lexicography was long hindered by financial difficulties, by the lack of properly qualified workers willing to engage in such projects, by Austrian pressure, by the unfavourable social status of teachers, as well as by other factors. The situation, however, changed in the year 1894, which witnessed the beginnings of the most comprehensive Latin dictionary - and one of the largest lexicographical projects in Slovenia ever - under the supervision of Fran Wiesthaler. The first part of the project was finished immediately before World War I, which prevented its publication. The first volume (the entries from A to facilis) was published in 1927, after which time the work remained at a standstill for over 60 years. Despite the editor’s lifelong work on the project, he did not live to see its complete publication. Work on the dictionary was revived by the publishing house Kres in 1990. In 2007, after 17 years of work and 4,087 pages in six volumes, the project has reached completion after 113 years.
Pričujoči prispevek obravnava eno od značilnosti skladnje nedoločniških polstavkov v klasični in polklasični grščini, to je rabo pasivnih nedoločniških polstavkov v primeru izpuščenega naslovnika za ...glagoli ukazovanja (stavki tega tipa so bolj znani iz latinščine, prim. Caesar pontem fieri iussit). Namen prispevka je predstaviti tudi osnovna izhodišča teorije naravnosti in prikazati, kaj lahko teorija naravnosti pove o navedenem tipu nedoločniških polstavkov.
The life and work of Ennodius (473/474-521) falls in a crucial but highly troubled period of late antiquity. With the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the arrival of the Ostrogoths, and Theodoric’s ...takeover of authority, Ennodius witnessed a number of processes which set the course of events for the centuries to come. He left an important testimony to his time in his panegyric to King Theodoric, which demonstrates the author's high level of classical education as well as his familiarity with classical, imperial, and early Christian literature. A skilfully written rhetorical work spanning the years 461-506/507, elaborate in style and content, it bears ample testimony to the historical reality of Theodoric’s time and constitutes an important historical source for the early period after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The panegyric dates from the first half of 507. The diversity of its content leaves the reasons for its composition open to speculation, the most likely hypothesis being that Ennodius wished to thank Theodoric for his victories and achievements in general (no particular event is highlighted). It is no coincidence that the panegyric was composed after the final regulation of Theodoric’s authority and after a relatively long period of peace. It is clear from the panegyric that Ennodius had a highly positive attitude to Theodoric, whom he saw as a continuator and stimulator of the idea of eternal Rome. In his view, Theodoric’s assumption of authority over the Western part of the Roman Empire was a historical watershed which would bring a rejuvenation of Rome; the beginning of a new golden age. Besides its great historical value, the work of Ennodius is distinguished by its rhetorical and stylistic perfection. Confronted with the mass of historical material on Theodoric, Ennodius would have run into difficulties selecting an appropriate topic (inventio), but he emerges as a skilled collector and a masterly organiser in arranging the selected topic into a logical and original whole (dispositio). While the panegyric testifies to his thorough rhetorical education, the form of his presentation (elocutio) also displays some deviations from classical rhetorical standards (free word order, special metaphors, the use of periphrasis, paronomasia…). Embellishment through figures of diction (verborum exornatio) is matched by embellishment through figures of thought (sententiarum exornatio). Statistically, the prevailing rhetorical device is alliteration, followed by metaphor, antithesis, parallelism, intensification, and metonymy. In addition, a detailed analysis yields the following most frequent figure combinations anaphora and parallelism; anaphora, parallelism and intensification (also enumeration); intensification and amplification; the use of synonyms… Similarly, the panegyric demonstrates Ennodius’ mastery of panegyrical topics (loci communes), which are displayed almost in their entire canon. The analysis of the panegyric concludes by evaluating Ennodius’ originality and creativity against the rhetorical tradition of schools. A comparison of the formal division of his panegyric with Hermogenes’ point-by-point division of a hymn reveals that Ennodius, while generally maintaining the school tradition of hymns, at the same time shows considerable originality and creativity. With his panegyric to King Theodoric, he proves himself a master of selecting an (appropriate) historical topic, and a skilled author of embellishment through figures of thought and diction.