Divergent conclusions emerge from the literature regarding the relationship between muscle quality (defined as muscle strength per unit of muscle mass) and physical function. These contrasted results ...may be due to the influence of factors such as age, obesity, and muscle mass itself. Consequently, the aim of the present study was to explore the role of these factors in the relationship between muscle quality (MQ) and physical function.
Data are from 312 individuals (97 men and 215 women) aged 50 years and older. Body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and knee extension strength of the right leg (1 repetition maximum) were assessed. Appendicular lean body mass index (AppLBMI) and MQ (knee extension strength /right leg lean mass) were calculated. A composite score of physical function was created based on the timed up-and-go, alternate step, sit-to-stand, and balance tests.
MQ was significantly associated with physical function when AppLBMI (β = 0.179; P = .004) and body mass index (BMI) (β = 0.178; P = .003), but not age (β = 0.065; P = .26), were included in regression analysis. AppLBMI (β = 0.221; P < .001), BMI (β = 0.234; P < .001), and age (β = 0.134; P = .018) significantly interacted with MQ to determine physical function.
Our results show that muscle mass, obesity, and age influence the relationship between MQ and physical function, suggesting that these factors should be taken into account when interpreting MQ. Even so, higher levels of MQ were associated with higher physical function scores. Nutritional and physical activity interventions may be designed in this regard.
Body composition analysis has become a useful tool in both clinical and research settings. Its use in the pediatric population is complicated by the rapid periods of growth and physical development ...that are characteristic of infancy, childhood, and adolescence. A thorough understanding of the changing nature of body composition during this time is essential for choosing the most appropriate measurement technique for a given individual, population, or clinical question. Growing evidence suggests that tissues such as fat, muscle, and bone are intimately involved in the regulation of whole body energy metabolism. This knowledge, when coupled with advancements in imaging techniques such as MRI and PET-CT, offers the possibility of developing new models of "functional" body composition. These models may prove to be especially important when assessing malnutrition and metabolic risk in patients with chronic disease.
Lower body mass index (BMI) is associated with worse pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis (CF).
lean body mass (LBM) is more strongly associated with pulmonary function than BMI is.
Anthropometrics, ...body composition by dual x-ray absorptiometry, and pulmonary function were determined in pancreatic insufficient CF (PI-CF) youth. Sex and age-adjusted Z-scores (BMI-Z, LBMI-Z, FMI-Z) were generated for CF and controls. (1) Associations of BMI-Z with LBMI-Z and FMI-Z and (2) age-adjusted associations of BMI-Z, LBMI-Z, and FMI-Z with FEV1%-predicted were tested.
Two hundred eight PI-CF subjects had lower BMI-Z, LBMI-Z, and FMI-Z compared to 390 controls. BMI-Z was associated with lower LBMI-Z (p < 0.0001) in PI-CF. In females, LBMI-Z and BMI-Z were positively associated with FEV1%-predicted; this relationship did not persist for FMI-Z after adjustment for LBMI-Z. In males, only LBMI-Z and BMI-Z were associated with FEV1%-predicted.
In PI-CF youth, deficits in LBM were apparent. At lower BMI percentiles, BMI may not accurately depict LBM in PI-CF. In under-nourished PI-CF youth, this preservation of FM in preference to LBM is relevant since LBMI-Z, but not FMI-Z, is positively associated with FEV1%-predicted. Lean body mass index is more strongly associated with lung function compared to BMI, especially in the under-nourished child and adolescent with PI-CF.
There have been recent significant improvements in the short-term survival of solid organ transplantation patients due to advances in immunosuppression and transplant techniques. However, long-term ...graft survival has still lagged behind other outcomes and has now become one of the main problems in solid organ transplantation.For this Special Issue, we invited researchers and clinicians to submit studies on solid organ transplantation. These have provided us with additional knowledge and skills that will ultimately help us to improve outcomes after solid organ transplantation.
Summary
With impressive economic development, obesity has emerged as a critical public health issue in China. Recently it was reported that obesity has taken an adverse effect on osteoporosis. ...Because there is different body mass index (BMI) for obesity globally, studies based on BMI levels on association of obesity with osteoporosis were quite few. Therefore, we discussed the relationship of body composition with skeletal BMD according to WHO BMI and BMI on Working Group on Obesity in China (WGOC).
Methods
A total of 502 adult men aged 20–89 were enrolled as healthy subjects for osteoporosis study at Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University between September 2008 and August 2010. According to WHO BMI, all subjects were divided into three groups: normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m
2
,
n
= 202), overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m
2
,
n
= 242), and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m
2
,
n
= 58). According to WGOC BMI, normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 24 kg/m
2
,
n
= 137), overweight (24 ≤ BMI < 28 kg/m
2
,
n
= 225), and obesity (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m
2
,
n
= 140). Total body and regional BMD, lean mass (LM), lean body mass index (LBMI), fat mass (FM), percent body fat (%BF) and fat mass index (FMI) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Age-partial Pearson correlation analyses between body composition-related parameters and BMD. Multiple regression analyses were performed to explore the associations of BMD with LM, LBMI, FM, %BF and FMI.
Results
Fat mass (FM), %BF, FMI, LM and LBMI were positively correlated with BMD at almost sites (
P
< 0.001) in all subjects. However, the relationship was not different among groups. LM, LBMI, FM and FMI were positively correlated with BMD (
P
< 0.01) in normal weight. LM and LBMI appeared significantly positive with BMD in overweight and obesity according to WHO and WGOC criteria. %BF and FMI were negative significance with BMD at total body and some regional BMD according to WHO criteria in overweight (
P
< 0.05). In two obese groups, %BF appeared negatively significant with BMD (
P
< 0.05) according to WGOC criteria, and %BF and FMI appeared negatively significant with BMD (
P
< 0.05) according to WHO criteria. In regression of independent variables as FM and LM, LM showed statistically positively significant relations with BMD at almost sites (
P
< 0.05) in all groups. FM appeared positively significant with BMD in normal groups and overweight group according to WGOC criteria. In regression of independent variables as %BF and FMI, %BF and FMI appeared statistically negatively significant relations with BMD in overweight and obesity, but %BF and FMI were inconsistent in same site.
Conclusions
Lean mass (LM) and LBMI could help to determinant of BMD, and %BF and FMI were adverse to BMD in overweight and obesity. Comparing with two criteria, we found the differences in fat-related parameters and BMD according to WHO criteria were more obvious than that according to WGOC criteria. We also found that %BF and FMI were useful to research the relationship between osteoporosis and obesity at the same time.
There are several premises that the body composition of kidney transplant recipients may play a role in tacrolimus metabolism early after transplantation. The present study aimed at analyzing the ...relationship between the body composition parameters assessed by bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and initial tacrolimus metabolism. Immediately prior to transplantation, BIA using InBody 770 device was performed in 122 subjects. Tacrolimus concentration-to-dose (C/D) ratio was calculated based on the first blood trough level measurement. There was no difference in phase angle, visceral fat area, lean body mass index (LBMI) and the proportion of lean mass as a percentage of total body mass between the subgroups of slow and fast metabolizers. However, subjects with LBMI ≥ median value of 18.7 kg/m
, despite similar initial tacrolimus dose per kg of body weight, were characterized by a significantly lower tacrolimus C/D ratio (median 1.39 vs. 1.67, respectively;
< 0.05) in comparison with the subgroup of lower LBMI. Multivariate regression analysis confirmed that age (r
= 0.322;
< 0.001) and LBMI (r
= -0.254;
< 0.01) independently influenced the tacrolimus C/D ratio. A LBMI assessed by BIA may influence the tacrolimus metabolism in the early post-transplant period and can be a useful in the optimization of initial tacrolimus dosing.
Background/Aims: The relationship between peritoneal protein clearance (PPCl) and nutritional status in peritoneal dialysis (PD) population have not been clarified. This study aims to investigate the ...relationship between PPCl and nutritional status in PD population. Methods: Prevalent PD patients were enrolled in the cross-sectional survey in a single center from April to November 2013. The total amount of protein loss in the dialysate was calculated. PPCl reflects the individual differences of peritoneal protein loss, and is calculated by the formula, that PPCl (ml/day)=24-h dialysate protein loss / (albumin/0.4783). Nutritional status measured by lean body mass index (LBMI) was assessed by multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Results: Totally 351 PD patients (55% male, 17.1% with diabetes, mean age 47.7±14.3 years) were included. The median PPC l was 58 ml/day. Patients were divided into four groups for comparison according to the PPC quartiles. Compared with lower PPCl quartiles, patients with higher PPCl had higher body mass index (BMI) (P< 0.001), body surface area (BSA) (P < 0 .001), LBMI (P<0.001), 4-hour D/P creatinine ratio (P< 0.001), and lower residual renal CCl (P<0.001). Compared with conventional body index (BMI and BSA) in ROC analysis, LBMI (area under curve: 0.71, 95% confidence interval CI: 0.66-0.77) had better performance in predicting higher PPCl. After adjustment in logistic regression models, each 1 kg/m2 increase of LBMI (odd ratioOR =1.37; 95% CI: 1.17-1.60), each 0.1 increase of 4-hour D/P creatinine ratio (OR =1.47; 95% CI: 1.11-1.93), and every 1 L/week/1.73m2 decrease of residual renal CCl (OR =0.98; 95% CI: 0.96-0.99) were independently associated with higher PPCl (> 58 ml/day). Conclusion: Higher LBMI was independently associated with higher , indicating that better nutritional status dominates peritoneal protein metabolism in PD patients.
This study was developed to investigate the influence of thoracic and upper-limb muscle function on 6-min walk distance (6MWD) in patients with COPD.
A prospective, cross-sectional study.
The ...pulmonary rehabilitation center of a university hospital.
Thirty-eight patients with mild to very severe COPD were evaluated.
Pulmonary function and baseline dyspnea index (BDI) were assessed, handgrip strength, maximal inspiratory pressure (Pimax), and 6MWD were measured, and the one-repetition maximum (1RM) was determined for each of four exercises (bench press, lat pull down, leg extension, and leg press) performed on gymnasium equipment. Quality of life was assessed using the St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). We found statistically significant positive correlations between 6MWD and body weight (r = 0.32; p < 0.05), BDI (r = 0.50; p < 0.01), FEV1 (r = 0.33; p < 0.05), Pimax (r = 0.53; p < 0.01), and all values of 1RM. A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between 6MWD and dyspnea at the end of the 6-min walk test (r = − 0.29; p < 0.05), as well as between 6MWD and the SGRQ activity domain (r = − 0.45; p < 0.01) and impact domain (r = − 0.34; p < 0.05) and total score (r = − 0.40; p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis selected body weight, BDI, Pimax, and lat pull down 1RM as predictive factors for 6MWD (R2 = 0.589).
The results of this study showed the importance of the skeletal musculature of the thorax and upper limbs in submaximal exercise tolerance and could open new perspectives for training programs designed to improve functional activity in COPD patients.
Objective: to establish specific features of body composition, skeletal muscle changes and bone mineral density (BMD) in middle-aged and elderly female patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as ...compared to female subjects without RA.Materials and methods. The study included 86 female patients with RA aged 59.06 ± 7.52 years and 81 female subjects without RA aged 57.4 ± 5.3 years. Body composition and BMD in spine and femur was assessed using Lunar Prodidgy device (General Electric). Sarcopenia was defined as lean mass index (LMI) of < 5.64 kg/m2 .Results. We have detected statistically significant decrease in fat, muscle and femoral BMD in female patients with RA as compared to their non-RA counterparts. Sarcopenia in the form of osteopenic sarcopenia and osteosarcopenia obesity was detected in 13.95 % RA patients vs 4.94 % non-RA subjects based on LMI findings. Both groups had high prevalence of osteopenia obesity.Conclusions. Assessment of the body composition by radiographic densitometry in female RA patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis may be used to detect sarcopenia and its phenotypes in order to inform prognosis and adjust the management plan.
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