The recent financial crisis proved that pre-existing arrangements for the governance of global markets were flawed. With reform underway in the USA, the EU and elsewhere, Emilios Avgouleas explores ...some of the questions associated with building an effective governance system and analyses the evolution of existing structures. By critiquing the soft law structures dominating international financial regulation and examining the roles of financial innovation and the neo-liberal policies in the expansion of global financial markets, he offers a new epistemological reading of the causes of the global financial crisis. Requisite reforms leave serious gaps in cross-border supervision, in the resolution of global financial institutions and in the monitoring of risk originating in the shadow banking sector. To close these gaps and safeguard the stability of the international financial system, an evolutionary governance system is proposed that will also enhance the welfare role of global financial markets.
What are the component parts of successful energy law and policy for nuclear energy in the 21st century?
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Nuclear power has been a consideration and part of ...energy policies of many countries across the world since its emergence as an electricity provider after the Second World War. Nuclear energy is a low-carbon energy source and therefore can contribute to reducing the effects of climate change. However, it is also faced with issues of high start-up costs, risk and waste disposal.
Drawing on over 90 interviews completed across Belgium (Brussels), Romania, the United States, and the United Kingdom, this book focusses on the development and formulation of energy law and policy in civil nuclear energy in the EU, the US and beyond. Heffron deconstructs the constituent parts of effective energy law and policy within the complex and often controversial energy industry. Pulling out what has and what has not worked, he suggests ways to improve the delivery of the central aims of law and policy.
About the Author
Raphael Heffron is a Lecturer in Law at the University of Leeds, an Associate Researcher with the Energy Policy Research Group, University of Cambridge and a Policy Fellow in the Policy Fellows Network at the Centre for Science and Policy, University of Cambridge. He is a trained Barrister-at-Law and was called to the Bar in July 2007 in the Republic of Ireland.
Raphael's research interests are in energy law and policy, and in particular: electricity markets, energy subsidies, low carbon energy, energy justice and Arctic energy law. He has published in many energy law and policy journals such as:Oil, Gas and Energy Law;International Energy Law Review;Journal of World Energy Law and Business;Technology Forecasting and Social Change;Energy PolicyandApplied Energy.
Visit Raphael J. Heffron's page at the University of LeedsVisit Raphael J. Heffron's page at the Energy Policy Research Group, University of Cambridge
In WTO Law and Trade Policy Reform for Low-Carbon Technology
Diffusion , Zaker Ahmad puts a spotlight on the crucial
importance of dismantling market barriers and offering incentives
to improve clean ...technology access and diffusion across borders. To
that end, the author argues for a synergistic co-development of the
international trade and climate legal regimes. Two case studies -
one on carbon pricing, another on official export credit support -
place the theoretical arguments in a practical trade policy
setting. The emerging doctrine and principle of Common Concern of
Humankind serves as the key theoretical and structural foundation
of the work. A useful read for anyone interested in an effective
role of trade law and policy to facilitate climate action.
Globalisation, the shift from manufacturing to services as a source of employment, and the spread of information-based systems and technologies have given birth to a new economy, which emphasises ...flexibility in the labour market and in employment relations. These changes have led to the erosion of the standard (industrial) employment relationship and an increase in precarious work - work which is poorly paid and insecure. Women perform a disproportionate amount of precarious work. This collection of original essays by leading scholars on labour law and women's work explores the relationship between precarious work and gender, and evaluates the extent to which the growth and spread of precarious work challenges traditional norms of labour law and conventional forms of legal regulation.The book provides a comparative perspective by furnishing case studies from Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, Quebec, Sweden, the UK, and the US, as well as the international and supranational context through essays that focus on the IMF, the ILO, and the EU. Common themes and concepts thread throughout the essays, which grapple with the legal and public policy challenges posed by women's precarious work.
This book looks at the changing role and nature of the regulation of State intervention in the liberalised and privatised markets of the European Union. It examines how the traditional role of the ...State is now challenged by European Union law, and the implications for traditional public services provided by the State. For the first time in an academic work, the book brings together the interaction of the Internal Market and the Competition rules of the European Union when they are applied to State economic activity. Individual chapters examine specific rules which address squarely the permissible role of State activity in competitive markets, for example an examination of the State aid rules, the rules in Article 86 EC regulating State monopolies and the controversial application of Articles 81 and 82 EC to the State. Other chapters examine the processes of privatisation and liberalisation with case studies on the postal sector, utilities and telecommunications.
Historical and legal context is provided for governmental public health powers during the COVID-19 pandemic. These powers allow governments to close schools and businesses, ban public gatherings, ...impose curfews, issue stay-at-home orders, require quarantines for travelers, and impose travel restrictions. Transparent evidence-based processes are encouraged to ensure equity and social justice.
Under what circumstances should a citizen be able to avoid the penalties set by the citizen's home country's criminal law by going abroad to engage in the same activity where it is not criminally ...prohibited? Should we view the ability to engage in prohibited activities by traveling outside of the nation state as a way of accommodating cultural or political differences within our polity? These are general questions regarding the power and theory of extraterritorial application of domestic criminal law. In this Article, I examine the issues through a close exploration of one setting that urgently presents them: medical tourism.
Medical tourism is a term used to describe the travel of patients who are citizens and residents of one country, the "home country, "to another country, the "destination country, "for medical treatment. This Article is the first to comprehensively examine a subcategory of medical tourism that I call "circumvention tourism," which involves patients who travel abroad for services that are legal in the patient's destination country but illegal in the patient's home country-that is, travel to circumvent domestic prohibitions on accessing certain medical services. The four examples of this phenomenon that I dwell on are circumvention medical tourism for female genital cutting (FGC), abortion, reproductive technology usage, and assisted suicide.
I will briefly discuss the "can" question: assuming that a domestic prohibition on access to one of these services is lawful, as a matter of international law, is the home country forbidden, permitted, or mandated to extend its existing criminal prohibition extraterritorially to home country citizens who travel abroad to circumvent the home country's prohibition?
Most of the Article, though, is devoted to the "ought" question: assuming that the domestic prohibition is viewed as normatively well-grounded, under what circumstances should the home country extend its existing criminal prohibition extraterritorially to its citizens who travel abroad to circumvent the prohibition? I show that, contrary to much of current practice, in most instances, home countries should seek to extend extraterritorially their criminal prohibitions on FGC, abortion, assisted suicide, and, to a lesser extent, reproductive technology use to their citizens who travel abroad to circumvent the prohibition. I also discuss the ways in which my analysis of these prohibitions can serve as scaffolding for a more general theory of circumvention tourism.
Singapore was one of the first countries to be affected by COVID-19, with the index patient diagnosed on January 23, 2020. For 2 weeks in February, we had the highest number of COVID-19 cases behind ...China. In this article, we summarize the key national and institutional policies that were implemented in response to COVID-19. We also describe in detail, with relevant data, how our vascular surgery practice has changed because of these policies and COVID-19. We show that with a segregated team model, the vascular surgery unit can still function while reducing risk of cross-contamination. We explain the various strategies adopted to reduce outpatient and inpatient volume. We provide a detailed breakdown of the type of vascular surgical cases that were performed during the COVID-19 pandemic and compare it with preceding months. We discuss our operating room and personal protective equipment protocols in managing a COVID-19 patient and share how we continue surgical training amid the pandemic. We also discuss the challenges we might face in the future as COVID-19 regresses.
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