Rad se bavi semantičkom rekonstrukcijom praslovenske riječi koprъ, koja se u modernim slovenskim jezicima javlja u značenju „kopar” (Anethum graveolens). Na osnovu povezanih oblika (na primjer, ...*kopъtь, *kopьno), osnovno značenje bilo bi „topao vazduh”, „para”. U tom pogledu, moguće je revidirati porijeklo slovenskih naziva za koprivu (Urtica), kao što su *kopriva, odnosno *kropiva. Naime, *kopriva je derivat glagola *koprěti/*kopriti, u značenju „tretirati toplom vodom”, dok je *kropiva derivat glagola *kropiti, u značenju „vreti”. U oba slučaja korijen riječi označava žareću biljku. U cilju dokazivanja tvrdnje, rad nudi brojne sinonime koji se javljaju u različitim slovenskim jezicima i koji nastaju u skladu sa istim semantičkim modelima i pravilima tvorbe riječi.
Prispevek obravnava temeljna teoretična izhodišča in pristop k oblikovanju tipologije slovarskih razlag vrstnih pridevnikov v eSSKJ glede na SSKJ, druge predhodne razlagalne slovarje in sodobne ...razlagalne slovarje zahodnoslovanskih jezikov. Bistvena ugotovitev je, da je eSSKJ z novim konceptom lahko upošteval in v prakso delno prenesel teoretična spoznanja, ki so nastala v času od zaključevanja SSKJ, hkrati pa praktične izkušnje iz predhodnih in sorodnih sodobnih slovarjev. Pomemben poudarek je tudi, da je treba vrstnost vedno obravnavati na pomenski ravni – tako je mogoča tudi natančna analiza prehajanja lastnostnih pomenov v vrstne in obratno.
V príspevku so predstavljeni kriteriji za razločevanje med prostimi in stalnimi besedními zvezami ter med stalnimi leksikaliziranimi in neleksikaliziranimi zvezami. Cilj je prikaz načel njihove ...slovarske obravnave ter tipologije besednih zvez, temelječe na podlagi analize (delovnega) gradiva iz nastajajočega eSSKJ. S slovaropisnega vidika so obravnavani tudi monokolokabilni leksemi kot sestavine stalnih besednih zvez in unikalne sestavine frazemov, raziskava pa primerjalno vključuje še večdelne leksikalne enote, katerih najmanj en del ni leksem oz. beseda.
O etimologiji ihtionima gavun Filipi, Goran
Hrvatski dijalektološki zbornik,
2020, Letnik:
24, Številka:
24
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
U članku se raspravlja o etimologiji ihtionima gavun (Atherina hepsetus). Propituju se dosadašnja rješenja i predlaže se vlastito. Naziv je u najužoj svezi sa sinonimom agun.
V prispevku opišemo leksikalno analizo izluščenih podatkov za določen kolokacijski okvir iz korpusov Janes in Kres ter predstavimo rezultate, ki so zanimivi za spremljanje leksikalnih novosti v ...slovenski leksiki in za njeno posodobitev v slovarjih. Izluščene podatke smo analizirali primerjalno glede na aktualne slovarje za slovenščino z vidika še neregistriranega besedišča, z vidika vstopanja v tipične kolokacije in stalne zveze ter z vidika pomenskih sprememb. Jezikoslovna analiza izluščenih kolokacij je med drugim pokazala, da je mogoče s primerjalno analizo prepoznati glavne značilnosti in trende leksikalnih novosti ter zaznati problematične točke, kjer leksikalne novosti zlasti pod vplivom tujejezičnih elementov v slovenščino vnašajo tudi spremembe v zapisu in skladenjski vlogi.
Šolski slovar slovenskega jezika (ŠSSJ), ki nastaja v okviru projekta Spletni portal Franček, Jezikovna svetovalnica za učitelje slovenščine in Šolski slovar slovenskega jezika, prinaša slovaropisno ...utemeljene rešitve problemov v zvezi s poenostavljenim prikazom slovarskih podatkov, prilagojenim zmožnostim najmlajših uporabnikov. V prispevku je predstavljena tipologija razlag samostalnikov, glagolov, pridevnikov in prislovov v ŠSSJ, ki vključuje tudi razlage samostalniških, glagolskih, pridevniških in prislovnih frazeoloških in nefrazeoloških večbesednih leksemov.
full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English
This article addresses the problem of the concepts phraseologism and phraseology in modern linguistic literature. It analyses the history ...of the concepts phraseologism and phraseology in the Lituanistic sources of Prussian Lithuania (Lithuania Minor) of 18th century and strives to justify the need to use these terms in their broad rather than narrow sense.
The terms phraseology and phraseologism are not used in any Lituanistic sources of the 18th century. The Latin term idiotismus, used in the early 18th century philological polemic sources, such as Michael Mörlin’s, Johann Schultz’s and Jacob Perkuhn’s works, is not clearly defined. It could be understood either as (1) a peculiar saying or a figurative expression (i.e., a stable word combination or sentence) or (2) a case of common usage, a language norm recognized by society. The Latin terms Idiotismus, Phrase, Phraseologie, used in the German linguistic literature of the 17th–18th centuries, are not clearly defined either.
Due to the lack of clear definitions of the concepts phraseologism and phraseology in the Lituanistic sources of the 18th century and in the 18th century German linguistic literature, it would be appropriate to use the terms phraseologism and phraseology in their broad rather than narrow sense, i.e., to regard the stability of not only a word combination but also of a sentence as a distinctive feature of a phraseologism without emphasizing figurativeness or idiomaticity. The suggested definition would be as follows: a phraseologism is a stable word combination or sentence.
The researchers of old Lituanistic sources need the broad definition for two more reasons. First, in the old dictionaries, ethnographic works, and collections of small folklore genres, stable word combinations and sayings were recorded without selection; as they were presented together as specific linguistic facts of some regional variety, they should be analysed as wholes. Second, these combinations and sayings should also be taken as wholes in the analysis of the speech community that used them – phraseologisms, in the broad sense, can be treated as (re)constructive instruments of social and cultural identity, i.e., the analysis of phraseologisms could be used to recognize the mechanism defining the boundaries of identity and to reconstruct the content of social and cultural life.
straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba
Straipsnyje apta riama frazeologizmo ir frazeologijos sampratos šiuolaikinėje lingvistinėje literatūroje problema. Remiantis XVIII a. Prūsijos Lietuvos lituanistikos šaltiniais, analizuojama frazeologizmo ir frazeologijos sampratos istorija, siekiama pagrįsti būtinybę dabartiniuose senųjų raštų tyrimuose minėtus terminus vartoti plačiąja, o ne siaurąja prasme.
This paper deals with the selection and the lexicographic treatment of figurative expressions in two dictionaries: a French-Serbian dictionary for elementary school students and an Italian-Serbian ...dictionary for elementary and secondary school students. First, the corpus is processed for the purpose of quantitative comparison of figurative expressions, then 18 related words from each dictionary are singled out in order for qualitative similarities and differences to be more thoroughly examined, with, finally, the same words being analysed by means of general two-way dictionaries. The highlights of the analysis are as follows: the number of marked figurative expressions is disproportionately greater in the dictionary intended for both elementary and secondary school students; translation equivalents are identical or very similar in both school dictionaries, with the exception of the way they are marked; both school dictionaries feature examples for all figurative meanings; and, the number of figurative meanings in school dictionaries is lower than in general dictionaries, but the former show more consistence with regard to their marking and exemplifying. As far as the results are concerned, they are interpreted through the prism of lexicological, lexicographic, and didactic factors. In the end, the author conclude(s) that an appropriate treatment of figurative expressions is one of the key reasons why two-way school dictionaries are still an indispensable tool in foreign language teaching.
Članek prinaša predstavitev meril za opredelitev novejše leksike in dosedanjo terminološko rabo v slovenskem jezikoslovju. Ker je področje obravnave novejše leksike na Slovenskem razmeroma novo, so ...slovenske opredelitve in terminološke rabe neenotne in za novejšo leksiko zasledimo različne definicije in poimenovanja; najpogostejša so neologizem, novota, novejši leksem in novejša beseda za posamezno leksikalno enoto ter novejše besedje in novejša leksika za zbirko leksemov.
PDF
