O RUBNOM STATUSU KONTRAKCIJA Brdar-Szabó, Rita; Brdar, Mario
Jezikoslovlje,
12/2008, Letnik:
9, Številka:
1-2
Paper
Odprti dostop
Usprkos u posljednje vrijeme nešto povećanom zanimanju za kontrakcije kao model tvorbe
novih riječi, ta je pojava i dalje nedovoljno rasvijetljena. Gotovo se svi autori slažu da se
unatoč činjenici ...da kontrakcije nalazimo u mnogim jezicima, radi o rubnoj pojavi. Usporedba
podataka iz više jezika otkriva da postoje znatne razlike među pojedinim jezicima glede
stupnja rubnosti te pojave. Cilj je ovog rada pridonijeti identifikaciji čimbenika koji
motiviraju spomenute međujezične razlike odnosno otkriti funkcionalne pretpostavke za
pojavu i širenje kontrakcija. Jedan skup čimbenika ima veze sa strukturnim karakteristikama
jezika u smislu konstrukcijskih shema za dva druga modela tvorbe riječi – slaganje i kraćenje
(apokopa). Druga grupa čimbenika ima veze s dinamikom i fleksibilnošću leksika, tj. brzinom
kojom se strani/posuđeni leksemi prilagođuju i integriraju u leksik jezika primatelja. Što je
jezični sustav zatvoreniji i manje fleksibilan, to su kontrakcije rubnija pojava.
La présente étude s’inscrit dans le cadre de la recherche sur les emprunts. Elle a pour but de démontrer que dans le cadre d’une théorie intégrale de l’emprunt linguistique, les changements ...distributionnels que peut subir un emprunt dans la langue d’arrivée par rapport à la langue source doivent être pris en considération. À partir de l’italianisme farniente (seconde moitié du 17e siècle), nous démontrerons qu’un emprunt peut changer de catégorie grammaticale, qu’il peut prendre en charge des fonctions syntactiques qui n’étaient pas prévues dans la langue source et que l’environnement d’un élément déterminé peut subir des glissements sémantiques. Les occurrences de l’italianisme farniente présentées dans cette étude proviennent d’une part de la banque de données Frantext, d’autre part d’articles de presse.
The present study pertains to research in the field of linguistic borrowing. In the context of an integral theory of borrowing, it aims to demonstrate that one must take into account the distributional changes to which loan words can be subjected in the target language. Based on the Italianism farniente (second half of the seventeenth century), we reveal that loan words can change grammatical category and fulfill syntactic functions that they were not intended to fulfill in the source language. Furthermore, we establish that the environment of a determined element may undergo semantic shifts. The occurrences of the Italianism farniente presented in this study either originate from the database Frantext or were collected from the press.
Christian Latin Burton, Philip
A Companion to the Latin Language,
08/2011
Book Chapter
This chapter contains sections titled:
Christian Latin, Biblical Latin, “Vulgar Latin”
The Lexicon of Christian Latin
Test‐case: episcopus
Further Lexical Phenomena
Passage 1 Lactantius, Divinae ...Institutiones
Passage 2 The Itinerarium Antonini Placentini
Conclusions
Further Reading
Malayalam and Core Dravidian Phonology Krishnan, Gayathri G; Raghunathan, Arathi; Sarma, Vaijayanthi M
The Oxford Handbook of Dravidian Languages
Book Chapter
Children’s productions, whether they are identical to or deviate from target adult productions, are revelatory of both the grammatical processes that govern early grammars and those that underlie the ...target grammars. Malayalam is a Dravidian language, but its vocabulary has many loanwords, especially from Sanskrit. This makes phonological and lexical learning potentially challenging to young learners but also offers a way to uncover the relationships between child and adult phonologies. This chapter discusses the salient segmental and syllable-structure properties of the core phonology of Malayalam and provides a detailed analysis of the spontaneous productions at similar ages of monolingual, Malayalam acquiring children, and bilingual, Malayalam and English acquiring children, with the two-fold aims of discovering the target properties that are manifested in the developing phonology, and recovering what the child phonologies reveal in turn about the core phonology.
This chapter contains sections titled:
Contact with Known Languages
Contact in the Prehistory of the Insular Celtic Languages
The Evidence of Ancient Celtic
Some Conclusions
Notes
References
This chapter highlights the linguistic study of Native American signed language varieties, which are broadly referred to as American Indian Sign Language (AISL). It describes how indigenous sign ...language serves as an alternative to spoken language, how it is acquired as a first or second language, and how it is used both among deaf and hearing tribal members and internationally as a type of signed lingua franca. It discusses the first fieldwork carried out in over fifty years to focus on the linguistic status of AISL, which is considered an endangered language variety but is still used and learned natively by some members of various Indian nations across Canada and the United States (e.g. Assiniboine, Blackfeet/Blackfoot, Cherokee, Crow, Northern Cheyenne, Nakoda/Lakȟóta, and Mandan-Hidatsa). The chapter also addresses questions of language contact and spread, including code-switching and lexical borrowing, as well as historical linguistic questions.
Autorice analiziraju tipove semantičke adaptacije modela iz šest europskih jezika kao jezika davatelja u procesu njihova posuđivanja u hrvatski kao jezik primatelj. Primijenjena metodologija temelji ...se na teoriji jezika u kontaktu Rudolfa Filipovića (1986), koji uvodi podjelu na primarnu i sekundarnu adaptaciju u procesu adaptacije značenja posuđenica. Analizirani jezici raspoređeni su kronološki počevši od onih s kojima je hrvatski dolazio u dodir u ranijim razdobljima svoje povijesti (mađarski, njemački, talijanski), do jezika s kojima je dolazio u doticaj u novije doba (francuski, ruski i engleski). Članak je rezultat istraživanja na projektu 'Hrvatski u dodiru s europskim jezicima', čiji je pokretač i voditelj bio R. Filipović
The French and Vietnamese languages came into contact while Vietnam was under French occupation leading to the phonological assimilation of a large number of French loanwords into the Vietnamese ...language. The borrowings thus had to adjust to the Vietnamese tonal system. Scientific literature on this issue (as well as on French- Vietnamese linguistic contacts) has been sparse, and is based on a restricted number of borrowed forms. Using a phonological and statistical analysis of 600 Vietnamese words of French origin, the current study tackles the attribution of tones to previously toneless syllables. It counts the occurrences of each tone and reveals some laws determining the tonal integration of the French borrowings.
Le contact entre les communautés vietnamienne et française durant l'occupation française au Viêt Nam a entraîné l'adaptation phonologique d'un nombre important d'emprunts au français. En vietnamien, ces emprunts se sont vu attribuer des tons. La littérature scientifique sur cette question (ainsi que sur celle du contact linguistique français-vietnamien) est jusqu'ici limitée et se fonde sur un nombre restreint d'emprunts. L'analyse phonologique et statistique de 600 mots vietnamiens d'origine française nous permet d'étudier les mécanismes d'attribution de tons à des syllabes qui en étaient dépourvues. Nous dénombrons l'occurrence de chaque ton, et dégageons quelques-uns des principes régissant l'intégration tonale des emprunts au français.
Huynh Sabine. L'assimilation des mots d'emprunts français à la langue vietnamienne : la question des tons The assimilation of French loanwords into the Vietnamese language : the question of tones. In: Cahiers de linguistique - Asie orientale, vol. 37 2, 2008. pp. 223-240.
