When observing media texts, one cannot help but notice that some political terms are used with a meaning widely different from that offered by mainstream middle-size dictionaries, which generally ...stick to the initial, sometimes etymological senses. Corpora analysis confirms the shift in senses and divergence of use. The aim of this paper is to analyse the meaning and use of two terms ubiquitous in the public sphere: fascist/fascism and liberal/liberalism, their original meanings, and subsequent changes in meaning and use. Though the limited space available for defining terms in a general explanatory dictionary makes it extremely difficult to reflect all ideological tinges and meanings, where a frequently used political term seems to have developed stable, different, even opposite meanings, this should be reflected by introducing ideological polysemy in dictionary definitions.
The aim of this article is to discuss the lemmatisation process of Old English adverbs inflected for the superlative from a corpus-based perspective. This study has been conducted on the basis of a ...semi-automatic methodology through which the inflectional forms have been automatically extracted from The York-Toronto-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Prose and The York Toronto- Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Poetry whereas the task of assigning a lemma has been completed manually. The list of adverbial lemmas amounts to 1,755 and has been provided by the lexical database of Old English Nerthus. Additionally, the resulting lemmatised list has been checked against the lemmatised forms compiled by the Dictionary of Old English and Seelig’s (1930) work on Old English comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs. Through this comparison it has been possible to verify doubtful forms and incorporate new ones that are unattested by the YCOE. This pilot study has implemented for the first time a methodology for the lemmatisation of a non-verbal class and can be further applied to those categories that are still unlemmatised, namely nouns and adjectives.
The following report reflects on the activities and changes of EMLex concerning the implementation of the programme as an Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree and gives a short overview over the ...international summer term which took place 2016 at the Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary (Budapest).
This article critically evaluates the ChiNdau–English and English–ChiNdau Vocabulary: With Grammatical Notes, a bilingual dictionary published in 1915 by the American Board Mission (Rhodesian ...Branch), with a view of determining its suitability for use as a point of departure for modern Ndau lexicography. More than a century after its publication, it remains the only diction-ary in the language. The language has been treated as a dialect of Shona for close to a century, until its emergence as one of the country's sixteen officially-recognized languages in the 2013 Constitution of Zimbabwe. This landmark development requires practical work that can transform Ndau into a fully-fledged and intellectualized language. Lexicography is one of the key intellectual enter-prises that can contribute in this regard. It is therefore the contention of this article that the existing dictionary be considered as a vital point of reference for future lexicographic work in Ndau. An analysis of various aspects of the dictionary indicate that, notwithstanding some limitations, this dictionary indeed managed to set some standards that may be incorporated in current and future lexicographic works in this less documented language.Verlore en gevind : die waarde van 'n taamlik onbekende tweetalige woordeboek rakende die intellektualisering van Ndau.In hierdie artikel word die ChiNdau–English and English–ChiNdau Vocabulary: With Grammatical Notes, 'n tweetalige woordeboek wat in 1915 deur die American Board Mission se Rhodesiese tak gepubliseer is, krities beoordeel ten einde die toepaslikheid daarvan vir gebruik as 'n vertrekpunt vir die moderne Ndau-leksikografie te bepaal. Meer as 'n eeu ná die publikasie daarvan is dit steeds die enigste woordeboek in die taal. Die taal is vir ongeveer 'n honderd jaar behandel as 'n dialek van Shona totdat dit in 2013 in die Grondwet van Zimbabwe as een van die land se sestien amptelik erkende tale verklaar is. Hierdie belangrike gebeurtenis vereis praktiese werk ten einde Ndau in 'n volledige en geïntellektualiseerde taal te omskep. Leksikografie is een van die deurslaggewende intellektuele ondernemings wat hiertoe kan bydra. Dit is dus die betoog van hierdie artikel dat die bestaande woordeboek beskou word as 'n onmisbare uitgangspunt vir toekomstige leksikografiese werk in Ndau. 'n Ontleding van verskeie aspekte van die woordeboek toon dat hierdie woordeboek ten spyte van sommige beperkings inderdaad daarin geslaag het om sekere standaarde te stel wat in huidige en toekomstige leksikografiese werke in hierdie minder gedokumenteerde taal ingesluit kan word.
В статье рассматривается проблема лексикографической репрезентации русских пословиц корейским студентам-русистам. Представлена концепция двуязычного паремиологического словаря, особенностью которого ...является его кросс-культурный характер: лингвокультурологический комментарий сопровождает здесь не только русские паремии, но и их корейские эквиваленты. Рассмотрены все параметрические зоны словарной статьи, показаны приемы работы в студенческой группе с данными лексикографическими материалами. Результаты итогового контроля показали, что разработанные словарные статьи оказались эффективным средством формирования лингвокраеведческой компетенции корейских студентов. Это подтверждает практическую значимость исследования, материалы которого могут быть использованы на занятиях по русскому языку как иностранному и при составлении учебных словарей пословиц. В научном плане результаты исследования пополняют теоретическую базу кросс-культурного подхода в обучении неродному языку.
The recently published Groot Woordeboek (Afrikaans en Nederlands), also known as ANNA, is the first dictionary with an amalgamated lemmalist based on the model of Martin and Gouws (2000). ANNA also ...paves the way for a similar approach for other closely related languages such as the Sotho languages and the Nguni languages of South Africa. The advantages and disadvantages of five aspects namely (a) comparison and contrast, (b) user-friendliness, (c) space saving, (d) ordering of senses and (e) provision of a separate grammatical compendium are critically evaluated. The principles of amalgamation, the relevant lemma types, as well as certain characteristics of the model are briefly discussed beforehand. Keywords: AMALGAMATED LEMMALIST, RELATED LANGUAGES, REDUNDANCY, ANNA, BILINGUAL DICTIONARY, AFRIKAANS, DUTCH, INFORMATION COSTS, SYSTEM COSTS Die onlangs gepubliseerde Groot Woordeboek (Afrikaans en Nederlands), ook bekend as ANNA, is die eerste woordeboek met 'n geamalgameerde lemmalys gebaseer op die model van Martin en Gouws (2000). ANNA baan ook die weg vir 'n soortgelyke benadering vir ander nouverwante tale soos die Sothotale en die Ngunitale van Suid-Afrika. Die voor- en nadele van vyf aspekte te wete (a) vergelyking en kontras, (b) gebruikersvriendelikheid, (c) ruimtebesparing, (d) ordening van betekenisonderskeidings en (e) die aanbod van 'n afsonderlike grammatikale kompendium word krities beskou. Die beginsels waarop amalgamering berus, die tersaaklike lemmatipes, asook enkele kenmerke van die model word vooraf kortliks bespreek. Sleutelwoorde: GEAMALGAMEERDE LEMMALYS, VERWANTE TALE, OORTOLLIG HEID, ANNA, TWEETALIGE WOORDEBOEK, AFRIKAANS, NEDERLANDS, INLIGTINGSKOSTE, SISTEEMKOSTE
This research investigates the lexicographic strategies employed by Saudi English language scholars, focusing on their utilization of dictionaries. The study also assesses the effectiveness of ...bidirectional Arabic-English dictionaries, particularly for Saudi Arabian students learning English as a foreign language. This study utilized (SPSS versiоn 21.0) tо analyze data cоllected оn dictiоnary use strategies amоng Saudi students. The Likert scale was emplоyed tо encоde respоnses, and Crоnbach's cоefficient alpha analysis ensured internal cоnsistency. Results indicated that strategic dictiоnary use amоng Saudi students falls within the medium range, with a mean scоre оf 2.87. Nоtably, participants shоwed a higher inclinatiоn tоward emplоying lооk-up strategies (average = 3.69) and dictiоnary selectiоn strategies (average = 3.51), while repоrting less frequent utilizatiоn оf awareness strategies (average = 2.01) and lemmatizatiоn strategies (mean = 2.10). As far as the efficacy, usage, attitudes, and impacts of bi-directional online translation tools are concerned, participants unanimously rated these highly (average= 4.7) for saving time, in cases where the word(s) was unknown (average= 4.5), and in recording the new word in the mental lexicon (average= 4.2), but as confusing (average= 4.8) when used for complex word structure translation. In conclusion, Saudi Language and Translation program students demоnstrated mоderate scоres acrоss the fоur categоries оf dictiоnary use strategies, with a higher inclinatiоn tоward lооk-up and dictiоnary selectiоn strategies and lesser emphasis оn awareness and lemmatizatiоn strategies.
Neste trabalho estudam-se enunciados breves, concisos e com força expressiva de caráter moral, transmitidos oralmente de geração em geração, resumidos na maioria dos exemplos em estruturas simples, ...bimembres ou trimembres, uma oração ou várias orações, ou fórmulas sintéticas como uma locução ou grupos muito heterogéneos de palavras, recolhidos por Bento Pereira como Adagios da Lingoa Portuguesa (1655). Elaboram-se umas notas sobre a origem da lexicografia em Portugal, a lexicografia bilingue (latim e português) e a relevância dos Tesouros. Incorporam-se comentários sobre a biografia e a obra do autor. Apresenta-se apenas uma ordenacão por palavras-nucleares que combina a ordem alfabética do nosso dicionarista e uma possível ordenação por domínios a partir das unidades lexicais documentadas na formulação de cada adágio, embora seja habitual que em muitos exemplos se entrecruzem vários domínios. Finaliza com as conclusões.
PDF
