Advances in technology have fundamentally changed how information is produced and consumed by all actors involved in tourism. Tourists can now access different sources of information, and they can ...generate their own content and share their views and experiences. Tourism content shared through social media has become a very influential information source that impacts tourism in terms of both reputation and performance. However, the volume of data on the Internet has reached a level that makes manual processing almost impossible, demanding new analytical approaches. Sentiment analysis is rapidly emerging as an automated process of examining semantic relationships and meaning in reviews. In this article, different sentiment analysis approaches applied in tourism are reviewed and assessed in terms of the datasets used and performances on key evaluation metrics. The article concludes by outlining future research avenues to further advance sentiment analysis in tourism as part of a broader Big Data approach.
This paper argues that there are lexical items that conventionally express the idea of dividing one quantity by another, and per is one of them. In particular, the proposal is that there are three ...ratio-related senses of per: (i) a quotient function; (ii) a quotient operator; and (iii) quotient of measure functions. The ratio-based approach, which is built up here in order to handle a wider range of data than previous ratio-based approaches could, is contrasted with an opposing view, one on which per is a distributivity marker like each. Four types of evidence are used: (i) cases involving measurement of an object or an event whose measure is smaller than the unit given by per’s complement; (ii) uses in the differential argument of a comparative; (iii) uses modifying a measure function noun; and and (iv) uses modifying a gradable predicate. All of these are problematic for a distributivity- marker analysis, and support the idea that per expresses the concept of ratio. Along the way, we gain diagnostics for whether a given item conventionally expresses the concept of a ratio in a given language.
Word associations have been used widely in psychology, but the validity of their application strongly depends on the number of cues included in the study and the extent to which they probe all ...associations known by an individual. In this work, we address both issues by introducing a new English word association dataset. We describe the collection of word associations for over 12,000 cue words, currently the largest such English-language resource in the world. Our procedure allowed subjects to provide multiple responses for each cue, which permits us to measure weak associations. We evaluate the utility of the dataset in several different contexts, including lexical decision and semantic categorization. We also show that measures based on a mechanism of spreading activation derived from this new resource are highly predictive of direct judgments of similarity. Finally, a comparison with existing English word association sets further highlights systematic improvements provided through these new norms.
Social media has become the largest data source of public opinion. The application of sentiment analysis to social media texts has great potential, but faces great challenges because of domain ...heterogeneity. Sentiment orientation of words varies by content domain, but learning context-specific sentiment in social media domains continues to be a major challenge. The language domain poses another challenge since the language used in social media today differs significantly from that used in traditional media. To address these challenges, we propose a method to adapt existing sentiment lexicons for domain-specific sentiment classification using an unannotated corpus and a dictionary. We evaluate our method using two large developing corpora, containing 743,069 tweets related to the stock market and one million tweets related to political topics, respectively, and five existing sentiment lexicons as seeds and baselines. The results demonstrate the usefulness of our method, showing significant improvement in sentiment classification performance.
•We propose a method to adapt existing sentiment lexicons for domain-specific sentiment classification.•The proposed method addresses challenges from both content domain and language domain.•We evaluate our method using two large developing corpora and five existing sentiment lexicons as seeds and baselines.•The evaluation results demonstrate the usefulness of our method.
Le dictionnaire représente, pour de nombreux didacticiens, un support pédagogique indispensable à la didactique des langues, notamment pour la didactique de la compétence lexicale. La didactique du ...lexique de la langue française ne fait pas exception. Les dictionnaires français de langue générale jouent un rôle véritablement important dans la didactique du lexique de la langue française, comme langue première, seconde ou étrangère. La publication de la première édition du Dictionnaire Historique de la langue française en 1992 représente une valeur ajoutée par rapport à la lexicographie de la langue française, et donc par rapport à la didactique du lexique français. L'article présente les résultats d'une étude analytique de la valeur ajoutée que pourrait apporter le Dictionnaire Historique de la langue française à la didactique du lexique français sur les plans morphosémantique et syntaxique.
Modelling the structure of cognitive systems is a central goal of the cognitive sciences—a goal that has greatly benefitted from the application of network science approaches. This paper provides an ...overview of how network science has been applied to the cognitive sciences, with a specific focus on the two research ‘spirals’ of cognitive sciences related to the representation and processes of the human mind. For each spiral, we first review classic papers in the psychological sciences that have drawn on graphtheoretic ideas or frameworks before the advent of modern network science approaches. We then discuss how current research in these areas has been shaped by modern network science, which provides the mathematical framework and methodological tools for psychologists to (i) represent cognitive network structure and (ii) investigate and model the psychological processes that occur in these cognitive networks. Finally, we briefly comment on the future of, and the challenges facing, cognitive network science.
Specialized languages can activate different sets of semantic features when compared to general language or express concepts through different words according to the domain. The specialized lexicon, ...i.e., lexical units that denote more specific concepts and knowledge emerging from specific domains, however, co-exists with the common lexicon, i.e., the set of lexical units that denote concepts and knowledge shared by the average speakers, regardless of their specific training or expertise. Communication between specialists and non-specialists can show a big gap between language(s), and therefore lexical units, used by the two groups. However, quite often, semantic and conceptual overlapping between specialized and common lexical units occurs and, in many cases, the specialized and common units refer to close concepts or even point to the same reality. Considering the modeling of meaning in functional lexical resources, this paper puts forth a solution that links common and specialized lexica within the WordNet model framework. We propose a new relation expressing semantic proximity between common and specialized units and define the conditions for its establishment. Besides contributing to the observation and understanding of the process of knowledge specialization and its reflex on the lexicon, the proposed relation allows for the integration of specialized and non-specialized lexicons into a single database, contributing directly to improving communication in specialist/non-specialist contexts, such as teaching–learning situations or health professional-patient interactions, among many others, where code-switching is frequent and necessary.
Diversity of the flora lexicon in the environment of Kaghati is part of the ethnic richness in the form of local knowledge that must be explored for the sake of environmental sustainability. This ...article intends to: (1) discover and portray the flora lexicon of kaghati; and (2) examine the dynamic of inter-generational comprehension. The researcher used qualitative method and upheld by quantitative method. The information required were gotten by perception, meeting, and poll strategies. At that point, the survey is directed upon 150 respondents. The extent of the respondents’ ages was from 15 to 65 years. In light of information examination, there were two discoveries discovered: (1) the flora lexicon of kaghati comprises of fifteen dictionaries as ostensible and biotic class. (2) There is an alternate degree of between generational comprehension on flora lexicon of kaghati. The old age (46-65 years) 84% (best), the middle generation (25-45 years) 74% (best), and the young generation (15-24 years) 55% (better).
An unsigned homage to August Dillmann on the occasion of his 100th birthday was recently found in a copy of Dillmann's Lexicon linguae aethiopicae, after the 200th anniversary of his birthday. The ...text was presumably composed by Bruno Violet, who was Dillmann's student and the previous owner of the copy of the Lexicon in question.
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