•Identification of a dietary pattern associated with an elevated risk of diabetes in Korean adults, characterized by high consumption of refined white rice, kimchi, salted vegetables, wheat flour, ...and bread, coupled with low intake of whole grains, legumes with tofu and soymilk, poultry, eggs, and plant oils.•This study demonstrated the construct validity of the identified dietary pattern in two independent studies, underscoring its utility in assessing the diabetic potential of overall diets.•An association between higher scores of the identified dietary pattern and increased diabetes risk was observed, emphasizing the consistency and robustness of the findings.
The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns associated with diabetes in Korean adults and to investigate their association with diabetes risk in both a cross-sectional and prospective study.
Predefined food groups collected by the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2015–2018, n = 19 721) were entered in a reduced rank regression (RRR) model, followed by stepwise linear regression analyses to identify the most predictive dietary patterns. We evaluated the construct validity of dietary patterns in two independent samples from KNHANES 2019 to 2021 (n = 14 223) and the Health Examinees (HEXA) cohort study (n = 30 013). Associations between dietary patterns and diabetes risk were examined using multivariable regression and multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models, respectively.
A dietary pattern was identified with high positive loadings for refined white rice, kimchi and salted vegetables, wheat flour and bread, and seasonings, and high negative loadings for whole grains, legumes with tofu and soymilk, poultry, eggs, and plant oils. The higher pattern scores were significantly associated with diabetes risk in KNHANES 2015 to 2018 (male: odds ratio OR: 1.59; 95% confidence interval CI: 1.35, 1.88; female: OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.52), KNHANES 2019 to 2021 (male: OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.69; female: OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.54), and HEXA study (male: hazard ratio HR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.34; female: HR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.52).
Dietary patterns derived by RRR followed by stepwise linear regression analyses were associated with increased risks of diabetes among Korean adults.
•High annual variability of GRACE-derived surface mass variations is observed at Guinea due to a considerable high rainfall amounts at seasonal and inter-annual time scales.•Analysis of TWS ...variability indicates an overall increase within the period studied and a water deficit between 2002 and mid-2007 over West Africa.•Significant increase in the linear trend of TWS change over Guinea is inconsistent with observed trend in TRMM-based precipitation.•Precipitation over the region is dominated by annual and semi-annual signals.•GRACE-derived TWS is not well correlated with TRMM-based precipitation in some countries of West Africa and indicates a lag of two months over much of the region.
With the vast water resources of West Africa coming under threat due to the impacts of climate variability and human influence, the need to understand its terrestrial water storage (TWS) changes becomes very important. Due to the lack of consistent in-situ hydrological data to assist in the monitoring of changes in TWS, this study takes advantage of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) monthly gravity fields to provide estimates of vertically integrated changes in TWS over the period 2002–2014, in addition to satellite altimetry data for the period 1993–2014. In order to understand TWS variability over West Africa, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), a second order statistical technique, and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis (MLRA) are employed. Results show that dominant patterns of GRACE-derived TWS changes are observed mostly in the West Sahel, Guinea Coast, and Middle Belt regions of West Africa. This is probably caused by high precipitation rates at seasonal and inter-annual time scales induced by ocean circulations, altitude and physiographic features. While the linear trend for the spatially averaged GRACE-derived TWS changes over West Africa for the study period shows an increase of 6.85 ± 1.67 mm/yr, the PCA result indicates a significant increase of 20.2 ± 5.78 mm/yr in Guinea, a region with large inter-annual variability in seasonal rainfall, heavy river discharge, and huge groundwater potentials. The increase in GRACE-derived TWS during this period in Guinea, though inconsistent with the lack of a significant positive linear trend in TRMM based precipitation, is attributed to a large water surplus from prolonged wet seasons and lower evapotranspiration rates, leading to an increase in storage and inundated areas over the Guinea region. This increase in storage, which is also the aftermath of cumulative increase in the volume of water not involved in surface runoff, forms the huge freshwater availability in this region. However, the relatively low maximum water levels of Kainji reservoir in recent times (i.e., 2004/2005, 2007/2008, and 2011/2012) as observed in the satellite altimetry-derived water levels might predispose the Kainji dam to changes that probably may have a negative impact on the socio-economic potentials of the region. GRACE-derived TWS is not well correlated with TRMM-based precipitation in some countries of West Africa and apparently indicates a lag of two months over much of the region. On the other hand, the regression fit between GLDAS-derived TWS and GRACE-derived TWS shows R2 of 0.85, indicating that trends and variability have been well modeled.
In recent years, hepatitis B core protein virus‐like particle (HBc VLP) is an impressive biomaterial, which has attracted considerable attention due to favorable properties such as structural ...stability, high uptake efficiency, and biocompatibility in biomedical applications. Heretofore, only a few attempts have been made to apply it in physical, chemical, and biological therapy for cancer. In this study, a tumor‐targeting RGD‐HBc VLP is first fabricated through genetic engineering. For image‐guided cancer phototherapy, indocyanine green (ICG) is loaded into RGD‐HBc VLP via a disassembly/reassembly pathway and electrostatic attraction with high efficiency. The self‐assembled stable RGD‐HBc VLP significantly improves body retention (fourfold longer), aqueous stability, and target specificity of ICG. Remarkably, these positive reformations promote more accurate and sensitive imaging of U87MG tumor, as well as prolonged tumor destruction in comparison with free ICG. Moreover, the photothermal and photodynamic effect on tumors are quantitatively differentiated by multiple linear regression analysis. Overall, less‐potent medicinal ICG can be perfectly rescued by bioengineered HBc VLP to realize enhanced cancer optotheranostics.
A biosynthetic tumor‐targeting RGD‐peptide‐modified hepatitis B core particle is first loaded with indocyanine green (ICG) via disassembly/reassembly and the electrostatic attraction process to apply in cancer optotheranostics. Enhanced photoacoustic/fluoescence imaging and photothermal/photodynamic therapeutic efficacy are achieved because of the improvement in aqueous stability, body retention, and cellular uptake of ICG.
To improve the dust pollution problem in tunnel boring processes, we used numerical simulation and on-site measurement. First, airflow and dust transport law under initial conditions are analyzed. ...The dust spreads to the entire tunnel at T = 200 s, and the average dust concentration is >400 mg/m3. Next, we determined the optimal pressure air volume (QY) is 600m3/min, the optimal extraction air volume (QC) is 480m3/min., and the pressure pumping ratio (X) is 1.25. Compared with the initial values, the dust removal efficiency was improved by 59.93%. Then, combined with the linear regression method, we found that the effect of QY on the dust concentration (y) at the roadheader driver's area was positively correlated and the effect of QC on y was negatively correlated. Finally, the accuracy of the numerical simulation was verified by on-site measurement. This provides important reference values for ensuring the health of roadheader drivers.
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•Analysis of the dust transportation law of airflow.•Study the dust control effect under different pressure and pumping ratio conditions.•Determined the optimal pressure and pumping ratios and optimal dust control parameters.•Linear regression analysis of dust concentration at the driver's location.
Color vision deficiency (CVD) affects more than 4% of the population and leads to a different visual perception of colors. Though this has been known for decades, colormaps with many colors across ...the visual spectra are often used to represent data, leading to the potential for misinterpretation or difficulty with interpretation by someone with this deficiency. Until the creation of the module presented here, there were no colormaps mathematically optimized for CVD using modern color appearance models. While there have been some attempts to make aesthetically pleasing or subjectively tolerable colormaps for those with CVD, our goal was to make optimized colormaps for the most accurate perception of scientific data by as many viewers as possible. We developed a Python module, cmaputil, to create CVD-optimized colormaps, which imports colormaps and modifies them to be perceptually uniform in CVD-safe colorspace while linearizing and maximizing the brightness range. The module is made available to the science community to enable others to easily create their own CVD-optimized colormaps. Here, we present an example CVD-optimized colormap created with this module that is optimized for viewing by those without a CVD as well as those with red-green colorblindness. This colormap, cividis, enables nearly-identical visual-data interpretation to both groups, is perceptually uniform in hue and brightness, and increases in brightness linearly.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study aims to quantify exhaust/non-exhaust emissions and the uncertainties associated with them by combining innovative motorway tunnel sampling and source apportionment modelling. Analytical ...techniques ICP-AES and GC–MS were used to identify the metallic and organic composition of PM10, respectively. Good correlation was observed between Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Sb and change in traffic volume. The concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other organics varies significantly at the entrance and exit site of the tunnel, with fluoranthene, pyrene, benzoapyrene, chrysene and benzothiazole having the highest incremented concentrations. The application of Principal Component Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis helped to identify the emission sources for 82% of the total PM10 mass inside the tunnel. Identified sources include resuspension (27%), diesel exhaust emissions (21%), petrol exhaust emissions (12%), brake wear emissions (11%) and road surface wear (11%). This study shows that major health related chemical species of PM10 originate from non-exhaust sources, further signifying the need for legislation to reduce these emissions.
•Identifies major sources of traffic emissions by using a real world motorway tunnel.•Major non-exhaust sources include resuspension, brake wear and road surface wear.•Several toxic metals (e.g. Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb) and PAHs show high incremented levels.•Diesel (21%) & petrol (12%) exhaust emissions also contribute as major sources of PM10.•A number of toxic chemical species of PM10 originate from non-exhaust sources.
Floristic diversity patterns of medicinal plants in sub-Saharan Africa are compared to global patterns to gain insights into the selection of plants used in Traditional African Medicine.
To answer ...two questions: Firstly, is the selection of medicinal plants used in Traditional African Medicine in sub-Saharan Africa based on availability or is it biased towards certain plant families? Secondly, does the floristic composition of African medicinal plants differ from the global pattern and from other healing systems of the world?
Data edited and summarized from recent reviews and on-line databases were compiled into an inventory of all vascular plant families of the world, showing the global numbers of species per family, the numbers of African taxa per family, the numbers of African medicinal plant species per family and the numbers of commonly traded African medicinal plants. These data were subjected to linear regression analyses, as well as Bayesian analysis and Imprecise Probability calculation (using the Imprecise Dirichlet model).
At least 4576 vascular plant species from 1518 genera are used in Traditional African Medicine in sub-Saharan Africa, representing 192 families (out of 254 African families). Traditional African Medicine is dominated by Fabaceae (567 spp., 156 genera), Rubiaceae (318 spp., 99 genera), Asteraceae (314 spp., 112 genera), Malvaceae (202 spp., 46 genera), Euphorbiaceae (197 spp., 47 genera), Apocynaceae (167 spp., 68 genera), Lamiaceae (142 spp., 37 genera), Acanthaceae (106 spp., 40 genera), Asparagaceae (90 spp., 18 genera) and Poaceae (85 species, 47 genera). Regression analysis of the African medicinal flora shows that the Fabaceae (576 medicinal species/residual +136), Malvaceae (202/+105), Rubiaceae (318/+85), Lamiaceae (142/+55), Euphorbiaceae (197/+54) and Combretaceae (72/+49) are overused, while Aizoaceae (10/−136), Orchidaceae (34/−127), Iridaceae (16/−101) and Poaceae (85/−87) are underused. Bayesian and IDM analysis showed that a large number of smaller families are also overused and underused. Commonly traded African medicinal plants species are mostly from Fabaceae (27 species), Apocynaceae (16), Burseraceae (12) and Rubiaceae (9).
The selection of African medicinal plants appears to be based on availability (for some families) and apparently cultural and other criteria, such as the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids and volatile compounds for others (e.g., Fabaceae, Apocynaceae and Burseraceae). In terms of commercialised species in international trade, Traditional African Medicine differs from the global pattern (and other healing systems) in the dominance of Fabaceae and Apocynaceae and the relatively low numbers of Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Apiaceae and Rosaceae.
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•At least 4576 vascular plant species from 1518 genera are used in Traditional African Medicine in sub-Saharan Africa.•The selection of African medicinal plants appears to be random for some families and non-random for others.•The non-random selection of Fabaceae, Apocynaceae and Burseraceae appears to be based on chemical constituents.•Commercialised African species are dominated by Fabaceae and Apocynaceae.•Commercialised African species differ in the low numbers of Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Apiaceae and Rosaceae.
This paper calculated the Duration Magnitude (MD) equation using data from the Iraqi Meteorological Organization and seismology (IMOS). It is an empirically determined equation and expressed as:
...The epicentral distance and local geological conditions affect the duration of the coda. The data is obtained from 7 seismic stations in the network. The new proposed duration magnitude equation results from applying linear regression analysis to the data of a seismic signal duration with correlation coefficient R2=0.76; and a standard deviation value of 0.049. Station corrections indicated by Sc are also specified for the seismic stations that range from -0.024 to + 0.02.
Standard Gibbs energies of reactions are increasingly being used in metabolic modeling for applying thermodynamic constraints on reaction rates, metabolite concentrations and kinetic parameters. The ...increasing scope and diversity of metabolic models has led scientists to look for genome-scale solutions that can estimate the standard Gibbs energy of all the reactions in metabolism. Group contribution methods greatly increase coverage, albeit at the price of decreased precision. We present here a way to combine the estimations of group contribution with the more accurate reactant contributions by decomposing each reaction into two parts and applying one of the methods on each of them. This method gives priority to the reactant contributions over group contributions while guaranteeing that all estimations will be consistent, i.e. will not violate the first law of thermodynamics. We show that there is a significant increase in the accuracy of our estimations compared to standard group contribution. Specifically, our cross-validation results show an 80% reduction in the median absolute residual for reactions that can be derived by reactant contributions only. We provide the full framework and source code for deriving estimates of standard reaction Gibbs energy, as well as confidence intervals, and believe this will facilitate the wide use of thermodynamic data for a better understanding of metabolism.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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•Dominant bacteria shifted from nutrients removal bacteria to fermentative bacteria.•Hydrogenotrophic pathway is the main biochemical pathway of methanogenesis in AD.•Full-scale ...thermal hydrolysis & AD selected ermB, ermF, mefA/E, qnrS and tetM.•Archaea biomass and community presented important impacts on the fate of ARGs.•Total ARGs in the sludge are mainly affected by MGEs during the advanced AD.
Anaerobic digestion (AD) with thermal hydrolysis pretreatment is widely used as an efficient sludge treatment nowadays. However, the evolution of microbial community (especially for the archaea community), the fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and their associations during such process in full-scale sludge treatment plants are rarely reported. Therefore, these scientific questions were explored at two full-scale sludge treatment plants through high-throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR. Results showed that Methanobacterium and Methanosphaera were the dominant archaea in thermal hydrolyzed sludge. The predominant bacteria in the sludge first shifted from nutrients removal functional bacteria to spore-forming bacteria after thermal hydrolysis, and then shifted to fermentative bacteria after AD. The full-scale plants could select ermB, ermF, mefA/E, qnrS and tetM. Though the bacteria and archaea biomass and community largely influenced the fate of ARGs, multiple linear regression analysis showed that the total ARGs were mainly affected by mobile genetic elements (MGEs).
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