The “diversity” approach has recently been introduced within the context of local immigrant integration policies in Northern America, Europe (Schiller 2016), and more recently in Israel. This ...approach implies that ethnic diversity can be leveraged and become a tool for socio-economic restructuring and urban development. Nevertheless, the diversity/urban development nexus, when implemented through neoliberal urban policies (that is, policies that respond to immediate economic growth interests) comes with the risk of dissimulating and even reinscribing the effects of a certain ethnic stratification, that is pronounced in the Israeli society. In this article, analyzing the local diversity policies made by three “development towns” – Acre, Arad and Kiryat Shmona – we show the extent to which the diversity doctrine is in tension with the ethno-national frame governing integration stakes, even though it eventually succeeds in accommodating the latter.
Sport is a multidimensional phenomenon, able not only to urge the individual dimension, but also to promote social relationship. For this reason, it is a tool that can promote social inclusion of ...disadvantaged people who, through sport, are able to run their asset of social relations. The paper focuses on the case of “Fondazione Roma Solidale”. The Foundation is a body part by the City of Rome, which found in sport - and particularly in football - an emblematic area to express its role of facilitator of social inclusion and its vision of welfare in a complex urban scenario.
Local policies for immigrants in recent years have attracted a growing interest among scholars. It is increasingly accepted that they are distinct units of analysis in the governance of migration, ...with significant degrees of autonomy with regard to national policies. Most of the literature, however, deals with the inclusive role of local policies. The argument of this article, on the contrary, is the development of local policies aimed to exclude migrants from various kinds of benefits and rights. It is based on a pilot research, conducted in Lombardy (northern Italy), on seventy cases, referred to forty-seven different local authorities. Then, the outcome of these policies is analysed: the exclusion of migrants is a tool to seek political consent, but is also a battlefield, where anti-discrimination institutions, advocacy groups and courts react against the measures approved by local authorities.
El presente trabajo examina la cooperación multilateral entre gobiernos locales y organismos internacionales relacionada con el apoyo a las personas migrantes en proceso de regularización, desde la ...mirada de actores político-administrativos en los municipios fronterizos de Chiapas, México. En particular, se enfoca en cómo las cooperaciones y sus objetivos se materializan y en qué forma inciden en el diseño, la organización y la operación de programas de apoyo, con un énfasis en las prácticas administrativas de los burócratas locales. La metodología empleada se sostiene en, principalmente, entrevistas con personas clave, conversaciones personales y observación participante. El argumento central es que esas cooperaciones multilaterales y programas, conforme descienden a las prácticas, se desarrollan a un nivel personal distintivo, derivando más en acuerdos contextualizados por las dinámicas locales y subjetividades de los actores involucrados que en ámbitos ajustados a estrategias institucionales. La reflexión del presente trabajo no resulta de un análisis deductivo de legislaciones migratorias, sino de una mirada de la práctica burocrática como producto cultural, que analiza la forma en que se traslapan estructuras de poder instrumentalizadas e ideas globales sobre la migración por intereses y subjetividades en el escenario local.
Patients leaving the emergency department (ED) before treatment completion (LBTC) is a common universal occurrence. We hypothesized that the characteristics of the Israeli health care system, as well ...as its policy, intended to reduce the burden of nonurgent ED visits, may have an impact on factors associated with LBTC.
The purpose of this study was to explore factors associated with LBTC in the Israeli context.
This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who visited the ED in a major hospital located in northern-central Israel during 2016–2019. Characteristics of 130 randomly sampled LBTC patients and of 130 non-LBTC patients that constituted the control group, were compared. Odds ratios (OR) are presented.
A low-acuity triage score (OR 8.18, p < 0.01) and a longer length of stay (OR 1.15, p < 0.01) were found to be risk factors for LBTC, and female gender (OR 0.40, p < 0.01) was found to be a protective factor. In contrast, age and nationality were not found as risk factors. Significant differences were found between the two groups with regard to the main presenting complaint. However, both groups had similar rates of presentations with a psychiatric condition. Approximately half of the LBTC patients presented at times when primary clinics were active.
These findings reflect the strengths of the Israeli health care system. Despite the policy intended to reduce the burden of nonurgent ED visits, there are possible shortcomings in the system that should be addressed.
Study Objectives: Different policies have been implemented to enhance uptake of biosimilars. Regarding policies focussing on the demand-side, the literature has mainly concentrated on ...interchangeability and substitutability recommendations, issued by national or regional policymakers. Information on actions taken by healthcare organisations (HCOs) regarding prescribing behaviour is limited. Furthermore, there is no evidence on whether local authorities implemented a policy framework aimed to appropriately reallocate resources gained through patent expiration. This paper aims to fill these gaps, investigating policies on biosimilars implemented at the local level in the Italian National Health Service. Materials and Methods: Data were retrieved through a structured, validated questionnaire, administered online to all 199 public HCOs. Results: Seventy-six organizations in 16 of 21 Italian regions completed the survey, 89% of HCOs implemented information/educational initiatives on biosimilars. Prescription targets on biosimilars versus originators and off-patent versus in-patent molecules were introduced in 62% and 75% of HCOs, respectively. Prescribers reaching targets are mostly rewarded through monetary incentives. 75% of HCOs performed systematic impact evaluation of biosimilars. However, only 21% of HCOs detect patient under-treatment due to budget constraints and how availability of cheaper drugs could help. Furthermore, according to 25% of respondents, their HCO is involved in studies on biosimilars, but respondents did not provide any evidence of these studies. Discussion and conclusions: The study shows a high level of proactivity by Italian HCOs regarding actions on prescribing behaviour for off-patent biologicals. However, it seems that structured actions aimed at appropriately reallocating resources gained through patent expiration are still lacking. Keywords: Biosimilars, Italian National Health Service, local policies
Local governments and policies hold an important role in stimulating the growth of solar photovoltaic (PV) installations. By improving local solar permitting processes, city governments can ...potentially reduce the “soft” costs of solar PV installations and facilitate the deployment of solar PV systems at the local level. Drawing data from California's annual statewide planning surveys, this paper examines the determinants for the adoption of solar approval processes and the policy impact on residential solar PV installations in California cities. The results demonstrate that cities with large population size, municipal utilities, and high proportions of pro-environment, educated constituents are more likely to adopt solar approval processes. Additionally, the presence of local solar approval processes is found to increase both total capacity and the number of small-scale residential solar PV installations in a city, holding all else equal. The empirical evidence presented in this research confirms the important role of local governments in the deployment of solar PV systems.
•This paper examines the adoption of simplified local solar permitting processes.•The presence of solar approval processes increases solar PV capacity and quantity.•City governments play an important role in the deployment of residential solar PVs.
O objetivo do artigo é propor um modelo de análise das políticas culturais locais adaptado à realidade portuguesa. Parte da ideia de que uma combinação das perspetivas da sociologia e da economia ...(assim como a consideração do contributo da geografia) constitui o melhor enquadramento para tal análise. E procura contribuir para o aprofundamento dos estudos empíricos, através do desenho de um modelo que possa ser sistematicamente aplicado, com as especificações requeridas caso a caso. Este modelo também poderá ser útil para o desenvolvimento das políticas públicas para a cultura, na medida em que oferece um quadro para a interpretação do processo de tomada de decisão, da aplicação prática e dos resultados obtidos com essas políticas.
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