A growing strand of literature relates pro-market institutions to business and overall employment creation. However, the effects of pro-market institutions on industry-specific employment creation ...still need to be better understood. Employment creation in some industries may be more sensitive to pro-market institutions. Moreover, if these industries employ a large proportion of the population, the role of local-level institutions becomes more critical for boosting employment creation across industries. Therefore, we disentangle the effects of local-level pro-market institutions on employment creation across nine major industries by using 5-year balanced panel data of 374 US metropolitan areas from 1972 to 2017. Our fixed-effects results indicate that pro-market institutions boost employment creation only in the manufacturing, retail, and construction sectors. Furthermore, our findings reveal that local public policies can benefit or harm local employment creation, depending on the concentration of industries in the area.
Cycling rates have grown consistently over recent years in cities across the globe. Nevertheless, the lack of policies to promote cycling results in dissatisfaction among cyclists in many cities. In ...response to this situation, local grassroots initiatives have emerged to pursue more ambitious cycling policies in German cities. However, there is limited knowledge of how grassroots movements influence the cycling policy agenda. Against this background, our article explores the relevance of the grassroots movement "Radentscheid" in four major German cities (Berlin, Frankfurt, Munich, and Hamburg) regarding institutionalizing cycling policymaking. By combining exploratory document analysis, expert interviews, and an analysis of secondary data, we show that the development of cycling over the last two decades in these cities follows three stages: (i) Commitment, when cycling is put on the political agenda; (ii) Imbalanced growth, characterized by a strong increase in cycling but little progress in cycling policies and a decrease in cycling satisfaction; and (iii) Institutional adaptation, when cycling becomes a key issue for local governments due to the pressure from the grassroots movement "Radentscheid". This paper closes with a discussion of the main results and policy recommendations.
En aquest article es presenten, en primer lloc, totes les obligacions concretes, transversals i específiques per temàtiques que la llei catalana d’igualtat (Llei 17/2015) estableix per a l’àmbit ...municipal. En segon lloc, s’exposa què és el que els ajuntaments implementen realment i què és el que s’incompleix generalment. En tercer lloc, s’analitzen les causes dels compliments i els incompliments. Per acabar, s’exposen propostes que permetin implementar realment polítiques de gènere en l’àmbit municipal. Aquest article considera que l’aprovació de la llei catalana d’igualtat ha tingut un impacte positiu en la realització de polítiques locals de gènere, tot i que hi ha aspectes sobre els quals és necessari continuar treballant per a facilitar que els ajuntaments puguin complir realment amb el que diu la llei.
This article presents, firstly, all the gender mainstreaming and subject-specific
obligations that the Catalan Equality Act (Law 17/2015) establishes for the municipal sphere.
Secondly, it goes on to explain what the city councils are actually implementing and what
they are not. Thirdly, the causes of compliance and non-compliance are analysed. Finally, the
paper proposes strategies for the implementation of gender policies at the municipal level.
This article considers that the approval of the Catalan Equality Act has had a positive impact
on the implementation of local gender policies, although there are aspects that still need to
be worked on to make it easier for councils to truly comply with the provisions of the law.
In this article, we show how the pandemic in Chile has exposed deep inequalities, configured by the neoliberal model that was installed by the civic-military dictatorship, and that has been ...administered until today. From the socio-political crisis of October 2019 and subsequently the socio-health crisis, the neoliberal government focused its intervention on control, targeted assistance, economy, and health. The crises and these actions exacerbated the precariousness of life, mainly hitting the popular sectors. In response, local, territorially decentralized and resistance strategies have been articulated, such as: the community confi-
nement model, developed by the Municipality of Valparaíso and the solidarity and community political practice of common pots.
Este artículo explica por qué la crisis política y la pandemia en Chile develaron profundas desigualdades configuradas por el modelo neoliberal, instalado por la dictadura cívico-militar y administrado hasta la actualidad. Desde la crisis sociopolítica de octubre del 2019 y la crisis sociosanitaria, el gobierno neoliberal centró su intervención en el control, sometimiento, asistencia-focalizada, confinamiento y la reactivación económica. Así, las crisis y la política gubernamental agudizaron la precarización de la vida, principalmente en sectores populares. En respuesta, se articularon estrategias locales, territorialmente descentralizadas y en resistencia, como el modelo de confinamiento comunitario, desarrollado por la Municipalidad de Valparaíso, y la práctica política solidaria y comunitaria de las ollas comunes.
Depuis le début des années 2010, l'affirmation des pouvoirs publics (État et collectivités territoriales) dans le domaine de la gestion des risques littoraux est manifeste. Cependant, l'inégale ...distribution de l'expertise et les relations entre ingénierie publique et ingénierie privée nous semblent avoir été trop peu analysées. Si, dans le cas de la Charente-Maritime étudié ici, le département est parvenu à gagner une compétence dans la gestion des risques littoraux grâce à son ingénierie, l'essentiel des savoirs, savoir-faire et moyens matériels nécessaires à la mise en œuvre de ces politiques est détenu par les bureaux d'études privés, ce qui nous conduit à formuler la thèse d'une privatisation de l'« État bleu ».
This article frames and introduces the contributions to a special issue. Their focus is on France and Germany, not only two major immigration countries in Europe, but also countries where local ...authorities have a relatively strong position within the state structure. While other studies have often focused on policy declarations, the eight articles in this special issue provide rich evidence on the content and implementation of policies. Furthermore, several articles offer theoretical insights into the factors driving or hindering policies that acknowledge socio-cultural heterogeneity, ensure more equality and inclusive public services. Results of a project at the Göttingen Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity are presented together with other contributions. The introduction concludes with reflections on the difficulties of "intercultural" communication among scholars and comparison of France and Germany.
Solar photovoltaic (PV) installations have been growing rapidly in the United States over the last few years, incentivized by policies from federal, state and local governments. The complex ...relationships between solar policies at multiple levels of government and solar deployment are questions of importance to policy makers and scholars. Extant literature on solar policies pays less attention to the role of local governments and policies than to their federal and state counterparts. Local governments and policies play indispensable roles in the deployment of solar PVs. This paper studies the multilevel governance of solar development in the U.S. by evaluating the relative effectiveness of state and local policy tools in stimulating solar PV installations, with an emphasis on local solar policies. With a regression analysis on a national sample of 186 U.S. cities, we find that cities with local financial incentives deploy 69% more solar PV capacities than cities without such policies. We also find that cities subject to RPS requirements have 295% more solar PV capacity, compared with cities not regulated by state RPS.
•This study evaluates state and local solar PV policies.•State RPS has positive impacts on local solar PV capacity.•Local financial incentives matter for solar PV deployment.
Memory studies tend to opt for two clear paths. Either they focus on the contestation of two antagonistic narratives, each with its selection of facts, symbols and dates. Or they analyse how a memory ...is represented in various devices or artefacts of the dominant and/or subaltern culture. This article proposes a third path based on the combination of both options with an articulation of political science and public policy analysis. The article will analyse the historical, political and aesthetic processes within the same narrative in order to understand, on the one hand, how these narratives are formed and, on the other, why they are represented in a certain way and not in other ways. To this end, the Rosario's Memory Museum in Argentina will be taken as the object of study.
This paper contributes to the literature by documenting how regions have experienced and managed the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) crisis, particularly for regions that are largely understudied ...and whose territorial characteristics (related to hyper‐remoteness and poverty) deserve greater attention. To this end, the study investigated regional strategy and planning documents and conducted 32 semi‐structured interviews with public authority representatives, sectoral actors and civil society groups. The findings show the socio‐economic consequences of the crisis and local policy responses. The study proposes a reflection in terms of public policies on what could be the ‘world after’ in the outermost regions, and highlights how the COVID‐19 crisis presented an opportunity to design and implement future territorial development policies that are more adapted to the context and territorial characteristics of these regions. Building a resilience policy in the outermost regions requires strengthening the territories’ capacities, which involves their structural equipment.
Višegrajske države imajo podobne upravne sisteme, zato so glavne značilnosti njihovih razvojnih politik podobne, kljub temu pa je opaziti več razlik. Omenjene podobnosti in razlike so analizirane v ...tem prispevku. Poljska ima sistem regij in delno združen občinski model prve stopnje, zato ima lokalni razvoj pomembno vlogo. Lokalne razvojne politike Madžarske, Češke in Slovaške omejujejo razdrobljeni prostorski in občinski sistemi, vendar imajo slovaške regije močno razvojno značilnost. Opaziti je mogoče centralizacijske težnje, vendar so njihove intenzivnosti različne. Na madžarski model na primer precej vpliva močna centralizacija v zadnjih desetih letih. Podobne strukture so se razvile med lokalnimi razvojnimi politikami občin prve stopnje: podrobne razvojne politike je mogoče opaziti med večjimi, predvsem mestnimi občinami; lokalne razvojne politike manjših, podeželskih občin pa temeljijo na osebnem sodelovanju in sosedskih dejavnostih. Pandemija COVID-19 je vplivala na lokalne razvojne politike - njihov fokus se je delno preoblikoval, diferencirana struktura lokalnih politik pa se ni bistveno spremenila, ampakje ostala nedotaknjena.
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