Narrating the Nordic Queer Ilmonen, Kaisa; Danbolt, Mathias; Engebretsen, Elisabeth
Lambda nordica,
01/2017, Letnik:
22, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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Among the most frequently repeated stories in queer scholarship nowadays are those concerning the social and spatial localization of queer. Narratives of how queer has occupied and inhabited specific ...language and cultural areas, and how it has been “domesticated” in different contexts, involve a plot line told time and again. is focus has also informed attempts at finding a queer “common ground” in the Nordic territory. Challenges related to the localization of queer in a Nordic context are also embedded in the framework of a Nordic-oriented journal, such as lambda nordica. At a meeting with the journal’s editorial committee in Stockholm last year, the “Nordic country representatives” were asked to prepare a response to the question: “What is going on in Denmark, Finland, and Norway?” It may be argued, and indeed is the contention of this article’s authors, that Sweden often functions as the default mode of and location for “Nordic queer,” for example in terms of citational practice, in- stitutional visibility, and activist sensibility.
The Yes-associated protein (YAP) transcriptional co-activator is a key mechanosensitive regulator of mammalian growth control. When cells are subjected to mechanical stimuli such as stretching or a ...change in substrate stiffness, YAP moves from the cytoplasm to the nucleus where it activates pro-growth, cytoskeletal, and stem cell identity genes. Intrinsic and extrinsic physical forces experienced by cells are sensed by mechanosensitive structures such as the cytoskeleton, focal adhesions, and adherens junctions. Past studies have shown that upon application of force, focal adhesions and cell-cell junctions both affect YAP localisation. However, the degree to which each mechanotransduction pathway is required for YAP nuclear localisation upon mechanical stimulation remains unexplored. To examine the relative contributions of focal adhesions and adherens junctions to YAP localisation, I developed mechanical assays monitoring live-YAP localisation in monolayer growth, dissociation (via epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT) and stretch. I used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate endogenously tagged YAP epithelial cell lines. By live-imaging these lines, I showed that high levels of the adherens junction component, E-cadherin, limits YAP nuclear localisation during monolayer growth. In contrast, cell scattering during epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), leading to loss of polarized cell morphology and E-cadherin adhesions, triggered YAP nuclear translocation. This switch in localisation is dependent on both the ECM specific integrin engagement and Src signalling. Similarly, stretching monolayers solely by their adherens junction does not induce YAP nuclear localisation. Instead, strain-induced YAP nuclear localisation occurs when the cell-ECM contacts are present. In summary, YAP localisation to the nucleus upon mechanical deformation is mainly promoted by focal adhesion signalling, whereas E-cadherins limit nuclear YAP entry. This study therefore proposes that there is an antagonistic behaviour between cell-cell junctions and cell-ECM attachments which tightly regulates YAP to ensure growth homeostasis.
The cell cycle-dependent nucleocytoplasmic transport of proteins is predominantly regulated by CDK kinase activities; however, it is currently difficult to predict the proteins thus regulated, ...largely because of the low prediction efficiency of the motifs involved. Here, we report the successful prediction of CDK1-regulated nucleocytoplasmic shuttling proteins using a prediction system for nuclear localization signals (NLSs). By systematic amino acid replacement analyses in budding yeast, we created activity-based profiles for different classes of importin-α-dependent NLSs that represent the functional contributions of different amino acids at each position within an NLS class. We then developed a computer program for prediction of the classical importin-α/β pathway-specific NLSs (cNLS Mapper, available at http//nls-mapper.iab.keio.ac.jp/) that calculates NLS activities by using these profiles and an additivity-based motif scoring algorithm. This calculation method achieved significantly higher prediction accuracy in terms of both sensitivity and specificity than did current methods. The search for NLSs that overlap the consensus CDK1 phosphorylation site by using cNLS Mapper identified all previously reported and 5 previously uncharacterized yeast proteins (Yen1, Psy4, Pds1, Msa1, and Dna2) displaying CDK1- and cell cycle-regulated nuclear transport. CDK1 activated or repressed their nuclear import activity, depending on the position of CDK1-phosphorylation sites within NLSs. The application of this strategy to other functional linear motifs should be useful in systematic studies of protein-protein networks.
Precise and accurate localization is one of the fundamental scientific and engineering technologies needed for the applications enabling the emergence of the Smart World and the Internet of Things ...(IoT). Popularity of localization technology began when the GPS became open for commercial applications in early 1990's. Since most commercial localization applications are for indoors and GPS does not work indoors, the discovery of opportunistic indoor geolocation technologies began in mid-1990's. Because of complexity and diversity of science and technology involved in indoor Geolocation, this area has emerged as its own discipline over the past two decades. At the time of this writing, received signal strength (RSS) based Wi-Fi localization is dominating the commercial market complementing cell tower localization and GPS technologies using the time of arrival (TOA) technology. Wi-Fi localization technology takes advantage of the random deployment of Wi-Fi devices worldwide to support indoor and urban area localization for hundreds of thousands of applications on smart devices. Public safety and military applications demand more precise localization for first responders and military applications deploy specialized infrastructure for more precise indoor geolocation. To enhance the performance both industries are examining hybrid localization techniques. Hybrid algorithms use a variety of sensors to measure the speed and direction of movement and integrate them with the absolute radio frequency localization. Indoor Geolocation Science and Technology is a multidisciplinary book that presents the fundamentals of opportunistic localization and navigation science and technology used in different platforms such as: smart devices, unmanned ground and flying vehicles, and existing cars operating as a part of intelligent transportation systems. Material presented in the book are beneficial for the Electrical and Computer Engineering, Computer Science, Robotics Engineering, Biomedi
Proteins in the karyopherin-β family mediate the majority of macromolecular transport between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Eleven of the 19 known human karyopherin-βs and 10 of the 14
S. cerevisiae ...karyopherin-βs mediate nuclear import through recognition of nuclear localization signals or NLSs in their cargos. This receptor-mediated process is essential to cellular viability as proteins are translated in the cytoplasm but many have functional roles in the nucleus. Many known karyopherin-β-cargo interactions were discovered through studies of the individual cargos rather than the karyopherins, and this information is thus widely scattered in the literature. We consolidate information about cargos that are directly recognized by import-karyopherin-βs and review common characteristics or lack thereof among cargos of different import pathways. Knowledge of karyopherin-β-cargo interactions is also critical for the development of nuclear import inhibitors and the understanding of their mechanisms of inhibition.
►Karyopherin-β (Kapβ) proteins transports protein cargos into the nucleus. ►Kapβs recognize nuclear localization signals or NLSs in their cargos. ►Of the 19 human Kapβs only two have well characterized NLSs. ►Many NLSs recognized by individual Kapβs are large and diverse in sequence. ►New approaches are needed to classify diverse NLSs recognized by most Kapβs.
Next-generation cellular networks could witness the creation of smart radio environments (SREs), where walls and objects will be coated with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) to strengthen ...the communication and localization performance. In fact, RISs have been recently introduced not only to overcome communication blockages due to obstacles but also for high-precision localization of mobile users in GPS denied environments, e.g., indoors. Towards such a vision, this paper presents the localization performance limits for communication scenarios where a single next generation NodeB base station (gNB), equipped with multiple antennas, infers the position and the orientation of a user equipment (UE) in a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted smart radio environment (SRE). We consider a signal model that is valid also for near-field propagation conditions, as the usually adopted far-field assumption does not always hold, especially for large RISs. For the considered scenario, we derive the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for assessing the ultimate localization and orientation performance of synchronous and asynchronous signalling schemes. In addition, we propose a closed-form RIS phase profile that well suits joint communication and localization, and we perform extensive numerical results to assess the performance of our scheme for various localization scenarios and for various RIS phase design. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme can achieve remarkable performance even in asynchronous signalling, and that the proposed phase design, based on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), approaches the numerical optimal phase design that minimizes the CRLB.
Node Localization is a fundamental issue for many critical applications in Wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Traditional DV-Hop localization algorithm and corresponding improved ones still cannot ...provide su.cient localization accuracy in such WSNs. To ensure accurate localization, this paper proposes an improved DistancevectorHop (DV-Hop) localization algorithm. Under such an algorithm, we determine a corrected average hopdistance of beacon nodes by employing the di.erences between actual and estimated distance among beacon nodes in WSNs. We propose a probability information based selective strategy for the selection of beacon nodes. Based on these selected beacon nodes, we adopt a two dimensional hyperbolic function to predict the locations of unknown nodes. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the localization accuracy of our algorithm compared with traditional DV-Hop algorithm and its two improved algorithms in WSNs.
Research on autonomous vehicles is making significant advances in recent years. To operate an autonomous vehicle safely and effectively, precise localization is essential. This study aims to present ...state of the art in localization to scientists new to the area. It presents and summarizes works from the field of localization, and suggests a classification for the works. Approaches to localization are mainly divided into three categories: conventional localization, machine-learning-based localization, and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) localization. Conventional localization primarily depends on high-definition (HD) maps or on certain marks, such as landmarks and road marks. Machine-learning-based localization approaches include using neural networks, end-to-end approaches, as well as reinforcement learning for performing, or improving, localization. And lastly, V2X localization methods localize a vehicle by communicating with other vehicles (V2V) or infrastructures (V2I). This study not only presents a bigger picture of the area of localization in autonomous driving, but also presents the potentials and drawbacks of different localization methods. At the end of the review, some research areas that are open for future research are also highlighted.
Temporal action localization aims at discovering action instances in untrimmed videos, where RGB and flow are two widely used feature modalities. Specifically, RGB chiefly reveals appearance and flow ...mainly depicts motion. Given RGB and flow features, previous methods employ the early fusion or late fusion paradigm to mine the complementarity between them. By concatenating raw RGB and flow features, the early fusion implicitly achieved complementarity by the network, but it partly discards the particularity of each modality. The late fusion independently maintains two branches to explore the particularity of each modality, but it only fuses the localization results, which is insufficient to mine the complementarity. In this work, we propose ex p licit cr o ss-moda l ity fusi o n (POLO) to effectively utilize the complementarity between two modalities and thoroughly explore the particularity of each modality. POLO performs cross-modality fusion via estimating the attention weight from RGB modality and employing it to flow modality (vice versa). This bridges the complementarity of one modality to supply the other. Assisted with the attention weight, POLO independently learns from RGB and flow features and explores the particularity of each modality. Extensive experiments on two benchmarks demonstrate the preferable performance of POLO.
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