Abstract
Reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) like CO
2
is one of the predominant concerns for ensuring sustainable future living conditions on Earth. However, current trends in ...globalization of production processes, just-in-time manufacturing, and increased numbers of parcel shipments due to a growing trend towards online shopping threaten to further increase GHG emissions. An analysis of GHG emissions is complex to perform since it has to include data from multiple sources and processes. The standard way to obtain an overview of the general emission impact is to perform a life cycle assessment (LCA), which is detailed in the first part of this paper. The same trend leads to an increasingly important contribution of logistics processes in the life cycle analysis of GHG emissions. Thus, the reduction of emissions in logistics is a major challenge for logistics research. Reductions are possible using a combination of IT-based and conventional methods on macroscopic as well as microscopic optimizations. However, the resulting economical impact must be considered when applying these optimizations. This article gives an overview of possible optimization approaches, augmented by a description of case studies, based on previous research projects.
Zusammenfassung
Die Reduktion von Treibhausgasen wie CO
2
ist eine der dominierenden Aufgaben, um dauerhaft die Bedingungen für Leben auf der Erde sicherzustellen. Im Widerspruch dazu können die gegenwärtigen Tendenzen in der Globalisierung der Produktionsprozesse, die just-in-time Fertigung und eine wachsende Anzahl von Paketsendungen aufgrund einer Zunahme der Online-Käufe zu einer weiteren Steigerung von Treibhausgas-Emissionen führen. Eine Analyse der Treibhausgas-Emissionen ist komplex, da diese Daten aus verschiedensten Quellen und Prozessen berücksichtigen muss. Die Standard-Methode, um einen Überblick über die Emissionsauswirkungen zu erhalten, ist die LCA-Methode (LCA = life cycle assessment), die im ersten Teil dieses Artikels beschrieben wird. Die beschriebenen Tendenzen führen insbesondere auch dazu, dass der Anteil an Emissionen, der durch Logistikprozesse verursacht wird, zunehmen wird. Daher ist speziell die Reduktion von Emissionen in diesem Bereich eine große Herausforderung für die Logistikforschung. Reduktionen werden hier durch eine Kombination verschiedener IT-basierter und traditioneller Ansätze ermöglicht, die auf verschiedenen Ebenen Anwendung finden. Im Fall von Logistikprozessen ist es jedoch wichtig, dass die ökonomischen Auswirkungen der jeweiligen Maßnahmen in der Planung mit berücksichtigt werden. Daher befasst sich der zweite Teil dieses Artikels mit einem Überblick über Optimierungsmöglichkeiten im Logistikbereich, ergänzt durch eine Beschreibung von Fallstudien, die in Forschungsprojekten erarbeitet wurden.
The objective of this study was to analyze the behavior of costs compared to the services involved
in the logistics process of the Manta Port Terminal, so that the services provided directly for both
...import and export of products were analyzed. The efficient way to know this was carried out
through the phenomena, that is to say, an observation sheet was elaborated to determine if the
services offered by the Manta Port Terminal are fulfilled and in what level of efficiency these are
provided. Therefore, it was possible to know that these services are adequate for the import and
export logistics process to be carried out safely and effectively, as this institution has adequate
infrastructure, machinery in perfect condition, a trained human talent distributed according to their
strengths and abilities in each area. It is concluded that this institution has an excellent logistics
process and that all the services involved in it are carried out efficiently and with quality, thus ensuring that the costs are consistent with the service provided for import and export companies.
It is recommended to carry out a periodic study of cost analysis so that in this way the real situation
of the ports can be determined and if the costs are directly proportional to the services provided in
terms of efficiency, safety and quality of service.
O objetivo deste trabalho de pesquisa foi analisar o comportamento dos custos em relação aos
serviços envolvidos no processo logístico do Terminal Portuário de Manta, para o qual foram
analisados os serviços que o referido porto presta diretamente tanto para importação quanto para
exportação. . A forma eficiente de conhecer esses serviços foi realizada diretamente com os
fenômenos, ou seja, foi feita uma ficha de observação para determinar se os serviços expressos
pelo Terminal Portuário de Manta são cumpridos e em que nível de eficiência estes são prestados
por possível saber que esses serviços são adequados para que o processo logístico de importação e
exportação seja realizado com segurança e eficácia, uma vez que tal instituição possui
infraestrutura adequada, maquinário em perfeitas condições, e talento humano totalmente treinado
e distribuído de acordo com suas forças e habilidades em cada das áreas. Conclui-se que esta
instituição possui um excelente processo logístico e que todos os serviços nele envolvidos são
realizados com eficiência e qualidade, garantindo assim que os custos sejam condizentes com o
serviço prestado às empresas importadoras e exportadoras. Recomenda-se a realização de um
estudo periódico de análise de custos para que assim se possa determinar a real situação dos portos
e se os custos são diretamente proporcionais aos serviços prestados em termos de eficiência,
segurança e qualidade de serviço.
El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación fue analizar el comportamiento que tiene los costos frente a los servicios que intervienen en el proceso logístico del Terminal Portuario de Manta para lo cual se analizó cuáles son los servicio que dicho puerto presta de forma directa tanto para importación como para exportación de mercaderías. La forma eficiente de conocer dichos servicio se la realizo de manera directa con el fenómenos es decir que se realizó una ficha de observación para determinar si los servicios manifestados por parte del Terminal Portuario de Manta se cumplen y en qué nivel de eficiencia estos se prestan por lo tanto se pudo conocer que estos servicios son los adecuados para que el proceso logístico de importación y exportación se desarrolle de manera segura y efectiva ya que dicha institución cuenta con una infraestructura adecuada, maquinaria en perfectas condiciones y talento humano totalmente capacitado y distribuido de acuerdo a sus fortalezas y habilidades en cada una de las áreas. Se concluye que esta institución cuenta con un excelente proceso logístico y que todos los servicios involucrados en este se realizan de manera eficiente y con calidad dando así que los costos están acordes al servicio prestado para empresas de importación y exportación. Se recomienda hacer un estudio periódico de análisis de costos para que de esta manera se determine la situación real de los puertos y si los costos son directamente proporcionales a los servicios prestados tanto en eficiencia, seguridad y calidad del servicio.
In this paper, we review the extant literature pertaining to logistics processes within organizations. Determinants of the characteristics of logistics processes are identified and logistics ...processes of international multimodal transport companies in Vietnam are specifically explored. The paper offers unique insights into the logistics processes in service-based firms and explores the nuances of logistics in the setting of a developing country. In addition to providing a useful typology for practitioners and scholars to consider logistics functions, the paper draws upon case analysis to operationalize the typology.
Logistics is a scientific discipline, a business function and an activity that, in recent times, is increasingly being applied to economic and social activities, because it enables the production of ...a quality product at a moderate cost. With regard to the trend for globally applying the principles of logistics to all spheres of human activities, the phenomenon of tourism presents a special challenge. Moreover, it is becoming evident that a quality tourism product, the design of which is linked to a tourism destination, depends largely on the scale of optimisation of all flows (goods, people, information, energy, waste, capital and knowledge) within a destination. The purpose of this paper is to define the function of logistics in tourism and in a tourism destination. Also defined are the concepts of tourism logistics and tourism destination logistics, the concept of a tourism logistics system and its elements – subsystem, as well as logistics processes - chains. Special emphasis is placed on the importance of optimising logistics processes in a destination, in which logistics management and process management are indispensable.
To discuss an improvement plan based on analysis of air freight structures using structure cost, this research has done exploration based on the main agents' structure of cost related to air ...logistics process. As a result, it provides suggestions and implications in terms of air freight cost, other extra charges except air freight costs, and consignment used to improve air logistics process.
With the rapid growth of E-logistics in the global logistics industry, it is important to get insight into E-logistics system in Chinese logistics industry. Regarding the current situation of ...E-logistics of Chinese logistics industry, there are still many problems to be concerned and resolved. This paper will review the concepts and theoretical background of E-logistics System from previous researches. After acknowledging the essential issues on E-logistics System, a research model is designed and tested based on the Theory Acceptance Model. This research aims to provide theoretical and practical contributions for Chinese logistics companies to enhance understanding on E-logistics System. It also provides some useful theoretical implication and practical guidelines for the development of E-logistics System in Chinese logistics industry.
Artworks transportation processes are highly challenging operations between multiple partners that are specified over service level agreements. They are executed within dynamic and uncontrollable ...environments that might leave undesired damages on the artworks if not handled efficiently. In this paper we take advantage of the emerging concept of IoT, and we propose PACT-ART 1 , realized as an architecture that employs advanced computing techniques like data mining and business process intelligence to predict a future state of the process and point out any possible violation from it. Then, by recommending dynamic adaptation actions, the foreseen misbehavior could be eliminated or mitigated proactively.
In this paper, we define the boundaries of a port cluster system and make an attempt to analyse how port cluster companies engage in the port logistics process. In order to visually present the ...intra-port clusters, we have used the 'Structured Analysis and Design Technique' (SADT). SADT was chosen, as it provides a robust structured method to model hierarchical systems and for this research it provides an opportunity to define and analyse the cluster in terms of the port logistics process, port activities and the actors. Applying SADT to the case of Busan Port in Korea, the constituent activities of a port cluster are defined in terms of inputs, control, mechanism and outputs. The port cluster system is broken down into six sub-level SADT diagrams: voyage supporting system, port entry system, stevedoring system, transit system, storage system and inland transport connecting system. These six phases plus the port information system were considered as the seven phases of a port logistics process. This categorization was established by carrying out a number of interviews in Busan Port and by analysing eight cases of ships calling in the port. Each sub-level diagram is connected to others according to the cargo flow in the port logistics process. This research demonstrates that the visualization facilitating SADT not only helps in understanding the interrelationships between associated companies in the port cluster, but also, to some extent, explains how port users and port cluster companies engage in the port logistics process.
In this paper, we try to formally analyze risk dependencies on a global logistics process that is made up of a set of RFID-driven biz-steps2. In enacting a global logistics process, it is very ...important to control and trace each bizstep's execution as well as to visualize its status. Moreover, for the sake of improving QoS (the quality of services), it ought to be crucial for the system to provide an autonomous error-detection functionality on its running exceptions and very safe self-recovery mechanisms, as well, for the exceptional and risky situations. In resolving the QoS issue, the essential technologies might be RFID and BPM/workflow technologies; workflow is for representing a global logistics process in a natural, and RFID is for implementing each biz-step's application program tagging the logistics information. Also, the essential theory of the self-recovery mechanisms must be on the roll-back mechanism that determines up to where the roll-back operations have to be applied among the previous performed biz-steps on the corresponding global logistics process. As an essential theory of implementing a reasonable roll-back mechanism, the paper particularly formalizes a risk dependency analysis algorithm that is able to produce a set of risk dependency knowledge existing among biz-steps of a RFID-driven global logistics process, and that is eventually used for realizing the self-recovery mechanisms.
