Penelitian-penelitian terdahulu terhadap novel Olenka menyatakan bahwa tokoh-tokoh dalam novel tersebut tidak memiliki eksistensi; tidak hadir. Dari sudut pandang semacam itu, narator kemudian tampak ...seolah noneksistensialis dan antilogosentris. Meskipun demikian, penelitian-penelitian tersebut mengimplikasikan idealisasi atas eksistensi itu sendiri. Dengan menggunakan perspektif Jacques Derrida, penelitian ini berupaya menggugat kembali temuan-temuan tersebut melalui analisis konstruksi struktur dan dekonstruksi struktur novel Olenka. Sebab, bagi Derrida, implikasi idealisasi eksistensialisme seperti identitas (tokoh) yang tetap, stabil, tunggal, serta murni mengindikasikan logosentrisme. Penelitian ini menemukan logosentrisme yang beroperasi dalam konstruksi jaringan oposisi hierarkis. Konstruksi itu sering kali tersembunyi dan terepresi. Penyembunyian atau represi tersebut dilakukan melalui eksklusi dan inklusi. Struktur novel Olenka dikonstruksi secara logosentris dengan pemosisian seorang tokoh bernama Wayne Danton sebagai prototipe logos (senter atau pusat). Setelah prosedur dekonstruktif diterapkan, dapat diamati bahwa Wayne Danton ternyata tidak pernah ada atau hadir secara murni dan penuh sebab identitasnya selalu bergerak, berubah, serta terus-menerus mengacu dan bergantung pada identitas (tokoh) lain sehingga tidak pernah mencapai final. Dengan kata lain, penelitian ini mengungkap intensi narator novel Olenka terhadap logosentrisme. Kata kunci: logosentrisme, dekonstruksi, identitas, eksklusi, inklusi Previous studies of Olenka's novels state that the characters in the novel lacked existence; not present. From such a perspective, the narrator then appears to be a non-existentialist and anti-logocentric. However, these studies imply idealization of existence itself. By using the perspective of Jacques Derrida, this study seeks to recriticize these findings through an analysis of the construction and deconstruction of Olenka’s novel structure. Because, for Derrida, the implication of existentialism idealization such as identity (character) which is permanent, stable, single, and pure indicates logocentrism. This study found logocentrism which operates in the construction of hierarchical opposition networks. The construction is often hidden and repressed. The concealment or repression is carried out through exclusion and inclusion. The structure of Olenka's novel is constructed logocentrically by positioning a character named Wayne Danton as the prototype of the logos (central or center). After the deconstructive procedure is implemented, it can be observed that Wayne Danton apparently never existed or was present purely and fully. Because, his identity is always moving, changing, and constantly referring to and dependent on the identity of other (figures) so that it never reaches the final. In other words, this study reveals the intention of Olenka's narrator novel towards logocentrism. Keywords: logocentrism, deconstruction, identity, exclusion, inclusion
The fashionable disavowal of structural semiology as logocentric is easily countered by a review of the important innovations of second-generation semiology, spearheaded by Jacques Derrida, Roland ...Barthes, and Jacques Lacan. The scope of Saussurean semiology is hampered only by its reliance upon alphabetic language and presence grounded in the voice; the assertion that semiology is a part of linguistics, rather than the reverse, does not reject the existence of nonlinguistic meaning; wordplay and textual experimentation are no mere stylistic ornamentation, but are on the contrary the key strategy of second-generation semiology for exposing the limitations of language. All three of these writers rely upon the glossematics of Louis Hjelmslev for the articulation of the concrete, non-logocentric object of general linguistics — his stratification of the Saussurean sign provides the centerpiece for the synthetic theoretical model introduced here.
While many disciplines are interested in the production of meanings by animals, language sciences resist and camp on anthropocentric positions that isolate them in the humanities and social sciences ...at the international level. In this article, we try to understand what blocks linguists from taking into account only human language and to identify the locks that prevent them from taking into account non-human elements, whereas ethologists, philosophers, cognitivists, anthropologists, sociologists or psychologists ask the question of animal language. We first examine the forms of this resistance in linguistics by studying three specific discourses: an anthropocentric professional doxa, the prevalence of a negative axiological conception of anthropomorphism and the scientific construction of this resistance, based on the notions of language articulation and symbolisation. We then identify three locks to explain this lack of consideration of the non-human: the ideological lock of anthropocentrism or human superiority; an epistemological lock maintaining logocentrism as an analytical framework for linguistics; a psycho-professional lock, close to cognitive dissonance, which consists in refuting proposals whose acceptance would entail too great a theoretical and epistemological cost.
Educational research tends to overemphasize spoken language as the main resource when attending to others' ideas. In this paper, we problematize hegemonic assumptions of such a logocentric approach ...and its narrow scope. As an alternative, we propose a semiotic ideology, which focuses on the interplay among multiple semiotic resources, both linguistic and nonverbal. We argue that a semiotic ideology broadens what attending to others' mathematical ideas in whole class settings entails. Recognizing bilingual children's heightened sensitivity to nonverbal semiotic resources, we center bilingual classrooms as privileged sites to learn about a semiotic ideology. We draw on data from a third-grade Spanish-immersion classroom to illustrate considerations of temporality, materiality, and participant roles. We call for a continued search for intentional and creative ways to attend to the ideas of those with whom we do research.
Abstract Set in Algeria, France, and the Arabian Peninsula in the early twelfth and the late twentieth centuries, L’Invention du désert is about an author who reexamines his life and his craft while ...writing a history of the Almoravid dynasty that ruled Andalusia and a large portion of the Maghreb from 1056 to 1152 CE. Accordingly, the novel is made of two basic narrative strands. The first focuses on the private musings and reminiscences of the narrator, moving forwards and backwards in space and time and going all the way to his childhood. The second narrative strand recounts the life, rise to power, and downfall of Mohamed ibn Toumert, the religious scholar and zealot whose followers brought down the Almoravids and founded the Almohad dynasty that lasted from 1152 to 1269 CE. The two major story-lines that constitute the novel are brought together by the narrator’s reflection on history and archiving for the purpose of problematizing the way Algerian history is conceived and used to address two major social and political concerns confronting Algerians: religious fundamentalism and national identity. The purpose of this article is to examine how Djaout uses the desert both as a topography and a metaphor to challenge the logocentrism of religious fundamentalism and narrow and essentialist definitions of Algerianess. The paper at the same time shows how the understanding and critique of historical logocentrism that are advanced in L’Invention du désert parallel Jacques Derrida’s philosophy put forward in Of Grammatology (Derrida in Of grammatology, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1976) and other early works. Because the manuscripts, critical of Islam as practiced under Almoravid rule, Ibn Toumert carries with him function as archives, the paper also engages with some of the themes Derrida developed later in Archive Fever: A Freudian Impression (Derrida in Archive fever: a Freudian impression, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1996).
Shakespeare has often served as an instrument of cultural colonialism. In this essay I argue that the current practice of Shakespeare studies in many ways replicates this pattern. By priming the ...discourse through Shakespeare, it perpetuates logocentric regimes of knowledge that tend to impose reductive perspectives—such as the binaries of Shakespeare’s original–adaptation and that of the author–adapter, but also scripture–exegesis, London–province or London–Continent, centre–periphery and empire–colonial subjects. Drawing on case studies from five centuries—of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century travelling performers, through eighteenth-century German theatre, to twentieth- and twenty-first-century writing and performance, I argue for a need to revisit the logocentric and colonial epistemology. I call for breaking away from the critical heritage of the “Shakespeare Empire,” for reconceptualising how we use Shakespeare, and for refocusing our critical attentions to the thick descriptions of cultures and crafts that make and host Shakespeare.
Metaphysical theology that emphasizes the ability to reach “the truth,” or what is called logocentrism, about God has succeeded in giving rise to violent deviations from religious patterns. ...Deviations due to this metaphysical theology also lead to a crisis within the body of the philosophy of divinity. By drawing from Jacques Derrida's thoughts on deconstruction, this paper aims to show an attempt to delay logocentrism in metaphysical theology. Deconstruction uncovers the existence of différance which suspends the dependence of theology on logos through metaphor. Metaphors do not come from the mind (logos), but imagination (terra incognita). The talk about Godhead (Theos) through metaphor postpones logocentrism which believes that metaphysics and theology are a unity that can never be separated.Abstrak. Teologi metafisik yang menekankan kemampuan untuk menggapai “kebenaran utuh,” atau yang disebut logosentrisme, tentang Allah telah berhasil melahirkan penyimpangan pola beragama yang penuh kekerasan. Penyimpangan akibat teologi metafisik ini juga berujung pada krisis di dalam tubuh filsafat ketuhanan. Dengan menimba dari pemikiran Jacques Derrida tentang dekonstruksi, tulisan ini hendak memperlihatkan sebuah upaya menunda logosentrisme dalam teologi metafisik. Dekonstruksi membuka selubung keberadaan différance yang menunda ketergantungan teologi terhadap logos melalui metafor. Metafor tidak datang dari pikiran (logos), melainkan imajinasi (terra incognita). Pembicaraan tentang Allah (Theos) melalui metafor menunda logosentrisme yang meyakini bahwa metafisika dan teologi adalah satu kesatuan yang tidak pernah terpisahkan.
•Joint activities are managed through a coherent use of verbal and embodied behaviors.•The default way of making an activity-management move is through embodied behavior.•Speech is resorted to for ...specific reasons only.•In cases of disparity, the participants look more at embodied behavior than speech.•Logocentric views on social interaction need to be revisited.
Joint activities are managed through a coherent use of verbal and embodied behaviors. In this study, we examine the distribution of labor between embodied and verbal resources in the accomplishment of activity-management moves at different phases of joint activities with material objects. On the basis of our analysis, we suggest that, at all phases of such activities, the “default” way of managing the activity is through participants’ embodied behavior. This claim is based on observations (1) on the omnipresence of embodied behavior in the different types of activity-management moves of our data, (2) on speech being resorted to for specific reasons only, and (3) on embodied behavior being primarily oriented to in those instances where there is a discrepancy between the participants’ speech and their embodied behaviors. While highlighting the primacy of embodied behavior in the management of joint activities, we also shed light on the particular circumstances that call for participants to use speech. Our results are of profound importance for a more general understanding of social interaction and human language use. Specifically, the top position of embodied behavior in the hierarchy of interactional resources calls into question the feasibility of logocentric categorizations of social action.
Resumo O presente artigo decorre de dados obtidos de nossa investigação de mestrado, finalizada em 2017, que buscou, na maior parte do tempo, estudar as tipologias de discursos no contexto de um ...subprojeto de matemática do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência. Na investigação, constituiu-se um agrupamento específico de enunciados, em desenhos e comentários, de cinco alunos e alunas bolsistas, caracterizados pela referência efetiva às figuras do universo, do mundo e/ou da natureza. Assim, a partir desse recorte do corpus , este trabalho busca rastear o funcionamento discursivo das referidas formulações, tomando-se a matemática mesma como objeto referencial dos discursos. Para tanto, filiando-se a pressupostos foucaultianos, pretende-se realizar uma análise enunciativa do efetivamente dito por meio de uma descrição dos domínios verticais das produções enunciativas a fim de expor suas regras de formação a partir de sua dispersão matemática. No final, ver-se-á que os enunciados estudados se reportam a uma exterioridade regida por uma historicidade estrita, em que as figuras da natureza, do mundo e do universo funcionam em meio à disseminação dos vetores de essencialidade, totalidade e universalidade matemática. Desde tal dispersão, os enunciados são caracterizados por um exaustivo monismo e estruturalismo, em que os objetos sempre facultam absolutidade e universalidade e, nessas linhas, o fechamento estrutural do jogo discursivo mesmo.
Abstract The present article resulted from data collected during our Master’s Degree investigation, which was concluded in 2017. Most of the time, this investigation assessed the discourse typologies in the sub-project in Mathematics of Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (Institutional Program of Scholarships to Professors). The investigation gathered specific sets of utterances, drawings and comments from five students granted with scholarships, which featured effective references to images of the universe, the world and/or nature. Thus, based on the research corpus, the aim of the present study is to track the discursive functioning of the referred formulations, by taking mathematics itself as the referential object of the discourses. In order to do so, and based on Foucauldian concepts, the idea is to make an enunciation analysis of what was actually said by describing the vertical domains of enunciation productions to expose their formation rules based on their own mathematical dispersion. One can see that the assessed utterances concern an externality ruled by a written historicity in which images of nature, world and universe work among the mathematical dispersion essentiality, totality and universality vectors. Starting from such dispersion, the utterances are featured by an exhausting monism and structuralism whose objects always regard absoluteness and universality, as well as the structural closing of the very discursive game.
There’s a particular ‘common sense’ required of the contemporary neoliberal subject to ‘self-regulate, self-fashion, and self-produce’ (Houghton, 2019: 618). Crucially, this work on the self happens ...within a political context of a dominant discourse which valorises the resilient, self-regulating and enterprising individual. It is somewhat unsurprising then, that children who struggle to contain intense emotions are referred to therapy. Their experience of therapy, however, ought to then be examined within this broader socio-political context. This article examines the power dynamics of a therapeutic encounter with a child ostensibly in need of greater emotional self-regulation. To investigate how children are positioned in therapy, therapy transcripts are investigated, drawing on Derrida’s concepts of hospitality and deconstruction. Utilising a critical discourse analysis of therapy transcripts, we explored the tensions in hosting children in therapy interactions from a counselling session with a 9-year-old girl, Emily, along with her female caregiver, Kate, and her social worker, in the role of therapist. Our Foucauldian inspired power analysis revealed these tensions at work in the therapeutic encounter. We show how Emily enacted her own deconstruction of the story ‘The boy who cried wolf’, opening the door to a relational understanding of emotional regulation. The findings highlight the need for social workers to engage in reflexive practice; to be able to listen to children without transforming their insights into opportunities to reinforce dominant narratives.
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